Efficacy of exercise training program on performance in musicians playing guitar

Abstract

Purpose: It was aimed to investigate the efficacy of exercise training program on performance in musicians playing guitar. Methods: This study was carried out with 27 classical guitar players aged between 16-35 years old. After the musicians were included in the study, they were divided into the exercise group (n=10), the home exercise group (n=10), and the control group (n=7) and were evaluated three times, before exercise, at the 6th week and at the end of the 3rd month. Musicians in the exercise group performed the exercises for 6 weeks (3 days a week) with a physiotherapist, while the exercises were given to the other group as home exercises program. The changes in the measurements of pain, music performance, and post-performance fatigue findings of the musicians in all three groups were analyzed by the split-plot ANOVA (SPANOVA) test for repeated measures from multivariate statistical analyzes. Results: Pain level in both exercise groups were significantly decreased at the end of 6 weeks and 3 months (F: 4.238, p<0.005). Performance parameters were showed significant improvements in the Exercise Group (F: 3.72, p<0.005). Conclusion: In conclusion, exercises, whether performed by a physiotherapist or given as a home exercise program, are of great importance in increasing the music performance of musicians playing guitar.

Keywords

• Pain
• Exercise
• Fatique

Gitar çalan müzisyenlerde egzersiz eğitim programının performansa etkisi

Abstract

Amaç: Egzersiz eğitim programının gitar çalan müzisyenlerde performansa etkisinin araştırılması amaçlandı. Yöntem: Bu çalışma 16-35 yaş arası 27 klasik gitarist ile gerçekleştirildi. Müzisyenler çalışmaya dahil edildikten sonra egzersiz grubuna (n=10), ev egzersiz grubuna (n=10) ve kontrol grubuna (n=7) ayrıldı ve egzersiz öncesi 6. hafta ve 3. ayın sonunda olmak üzere 3 kez değerlendirildi. Egzersiz grubundaki müzisyenler 6 hafta boyunca (haftada 3 gün) egzersizleri fizyoterapist ile yaptı, diğer gruba ise egzersizler ev programı olarak verildi. Her üç gruptaki müzisyenlerin ağrı, müzik performansı ve performans sonrası yorgunluk ölçümlerindeki değişiklikler, çok değişkenli istatistiksel analizlerden tekrarlanan ölçümler için split-plot ANOVA (SPANOVA) testi ile analiz edildi. Bulgular: Her iki egzersiz grubunda ağrı düzeyi 6 hafta sonunda ve 3 ay sonunda anlamlı olarak azaldı (F: 4,238, p<0,005). Performans parametreleri egzersiz grubunda anlamlı gelişmeler gösterdi (F: 3,72, p<0,005). Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, ister fizyoterapist tarafından yapılan isterse ev programı olarak verilen egzersizler gitar çalan müzisyenlerde müzik performansının artırılmasında büyük önem taşımaktadır.

Keywords

• Ağrı
• Egzersiz
• Yorgunluk

References

1. Ostwald PF, Baron BC, Byl NM, et al. Performing arts medicine. West J Med. 1994;160:48-52.
2. Potter PJ, Jones IC. Medical problems affecting musicians. Can Fam Physician. 1995;41:2121-2128.
3. Hansen PA, Reed K. Common musculoskeletal problems in the performing artist. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2006;17:789-801.
4. Butler K. Neurology of Music. In: Neurology of Music. Rose FC, editor. London: Imperial College Press; 2010:424.
5. Butler K. Preventing Injuries In Guitarists: Focal Hand Dystonia. Acoustic Magazine. October 2011;18-22.
6. Butler K, Rosenkranz K. Focal Hand Dystonia Affecting Musicians. Part I: An Overview Of Epidemiology, PathoPhysiology And Medical Treatments. Br J Hand Ther. 2006;11:72-78.
7. Butler K, Rosenkranz K. Focal hand dystonia affecting musicians. Part II: An Overview of current rehabilitative treatment techniques. Br J Hand Ther. 2006;11:79-87.
8. Byl N, Archer ES, McKenzie A. Focal hand dystonia: effectiveness of a home program of fitness and learning-based sensorimotor and memory training. J Hand Ther. 2009;22:183-197.

9. Hoppmann RA, Reid RR. Musculoskeletal problems of performing artists. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 1995;7:147-150.
10. Foxman I, Burgel BJ. Musician health and safety: Preventing playing-related musculoskeletal disorders. AAOHN J. 2006;54:309-316.
11. Girgis B, Duarte JA. Efficacy of physical therapy interventions for chronic lateral elbow tendinopathy: a systematic review. Phys Ther Rev. 2020;25:42-59.
12. Bejjani FJ, Kaye GM, Benham M. Musculoskeletal and neuromuscular conditions of instrumental musicians. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1996;77:406-413.
13. Bragge P, Bialocerkowski A, McMeeken J. A systematic review of prevalence and risk factors associated with playing-related musculoskeletal disorders in pianists. Occup Med (Lond). 2006;56:28-38.
14. Lockwood AH. Medical problems in secondary school-aged musicians. Med Probl Perform Art. 1988;3:129–32.
15. Allsop L, Ackland T. The prevalence of playing-related musculoskeletal disorders in relation to piano players’ playing techniques and practising strategies. Music Perform Res. 2010;3:61-78.
16. Steinmetz A, Scheffer I, Esmer E, et al. Frequency, severity and predictors of playing-related musculoskeletal pain in professional orchestral musicians in Germany. Clin Rheumatol. 2015;34:965-973.
17. Genç A, Altuntaşoğlu B, Özcan A. Müzisyen ve müzisyen olmayan olgularda el fonksiyonlarının karşılaştırılması. Fizyoter Rehabil. 2002;13:124-128.
18. Shafer-Crane GA. Repetitive stress and strain injuries: preventive exercises for the musician. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2006;174:827-842.
19. de Greef M, van Wijck R, Reynders K, et al. Impact of the Groningen Exercise Therapy for Symphony Orchestra Musicians Program on perceived physical competence and playing-related musculoskeletal disorders of professional musicians. Med Probl Perform Art. 2003;18:156-160.
20. Kava KS, Larson CA, Stiller CH, et al. Trunk endurance exercise and the effect on instrumental performance : a preliminary study comparing Pilates exercise and a trunk and proximal upper extremity endurance exercise program. Music Perform Res. 2010;3:1-30.
21. Bruno S, Lorusso A, L’Abbate N. Playing-related disabling musculoskeletal disorders in young and adult classical piano students. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2008;81:855-860.
22. Ferreira-Valente MA, Pais-Ribeiro JL, Jensen MP. Validity of four pain intensity rating scales. Pain. 2011;152:2399-3404.
23. Frederickson K. Fit to play: musicians’ health tips. Music Educ J. 2002;88:38-44.
24. Otman S. Egzersizin sınıflandırılması ve egzersiz programı planlama. In: Otman S, editor. Egzersiz Tedavisinde Temel Prensipler ve Yöntemler. 1st ed. Ankara: Meteksan; 2006:10-16.
25. Bandy WD, Sanders B. Therapeutic exercise: techniques for intervention. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2001.
26. Hayran M, Hayran M. Sağlık Araştırmaları İçin Temel İstatistik. Ankara: Omega Araştırma; 2011.
27. Can F, Işıntaş Arık M, Erdem EU, et al. The influence of pain level and performance duration on upper extremity functions in guitar players. In: 1 International Congress for Musician’ Health in the context of physical therapy, speech therapy and occupational therapy. Osnabrück, Germany; 2012:33.
28. Yurdalan U, Doğuluer M, Nilgün G. Öğrenci ve profesyonel düzeyde müzik icra edenlerde postür değerlendirmeleri. Fizyoter Rehabil. 1994;7:63-72.
29. Ackermann B, Adams R, Marshall E. Strength or endurance training for undergraduate music majors at a university? Med Probl Perform Art. 2002;17:33-41.
30. Roos M, Roy J-S. Effect of a rehabilitation program on performance-related musculoskeletal disorders in student and professional orchestral musicians: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2018;32:1656-1665.
31. Cygańska A, Truszczyńska-Baszak A, Tomaszewski P. Impact of exercises and chair massage on musculoskeletal pain of young musicians. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17:5128.
32. Nygaard Andersen L, Mann S, Juul-Kristensen B, et al. Comparing the impact of specific strength training vs general fitness training on professional symphony orchestra musicians: a feasibility study. Med Probl Perform Art. 2017;32:94-100.
33. Chan C, Driscoll T, Ackermann BJ. Effect of a musicians’ exercise intervention on performance-related musculoskeletal disorders. Med Probl Perform Art. 2014;29:181-188.
34. Spahn C, Voltmer E, Mornell A, et al. Health status and preventive health behavior of music students during university education: Merging prior results with new insights from a German multicenter study. Music Sci [Internet]. 2017;21:213-229.
35. Arnason K, Briem K, Arnason A. Effects of an education and prevention course for university music students on their body awareness and attitude toward health and prevention. Med Probl Perform Art. 2018;33:131-136.