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Evaluation of foot postures of assistant referees in the regional football league

Year 2019, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 42 - 48, 12.04.2019

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, baldır ağrısı şikayeti ile kliniğe başvuran İstanbul Bölge Ligi futbol yan hakemlerinin ayak postürlerinin, fiziksel aktivite durumlarının ve ayak taban basınç dağılımlarının incelenmesi idi.

Yöntem: Çalışmaya toplam 15 yan hakem (ortalama yaş: 21,00±1,9 yıl) ve 15 sağlıklı birey (ortalama yaş: 21,53±0,8 yıl) dâhil edildi. Katılımcıların fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi'nin (IPAQ-SF) kısa formu ile, ayak postürleri Ayak Postür İndeksi-6 (FPI-6) ile değerlendirildi. Pedobarografik incelemeler Novel EMED-x Rile ile yapıldı.

Bulgular: Hakem grubu ile kontrol grubu arasında IPAQ-SF'nin fiziksel aktivite metabolik eşdeğer dakika/hafta (MET-dk/hf), kuvvetli MET-dk/hf alt parametrelerinde iki grup arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık vardı (sırasıyla; p=0,044, p=0,002). Pedobarografik değerlendirmede, hakem ve kontrol grupları arasında, ayağın herhangi bir bölgesinin maksimum kuvvet ve pik basınç değerlerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark yok idi. Ayrıca, FPI-6 testinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark yok idi.

Sonuç: Bu çalışma, yardımcı hakemler tarafından yapılan yan koşuların ayak postürünü değiştirmediğini göstermiştir. Fiziksel bir nedeni saptanamayan baldır ağrısının ayak postürü ile ilişkili olmadığı belirlendi. Gelecekte yapılacak çalışmalarda ağrının nedeniyle ilgili olarak spor alanının, kullanılan spor malzemelerinin ve ağrıya yol açabilecek diğer faktörlerin ayrıntılı incelenmesini önermekteyiz.

References

  • 1. Mohr M, Krustrup P, Andersson H, et al. Match activities of elite women soccer players at different performance levels. J Strength Cond Res. 2008;22:341-349.
  • 2. Mohr M, Krustrup P, Bangsbo J. Match performance of high-standard soccer players with special reference to development of fatigue. J Sports Sci. 2003;21:519–528.
  • 3. FIFA Communications Division. The FIFA Big Count 2006: 230 million active in football. 2007. pdf download (http://www.fifa.com/search/index.htmx?q=big+count).
  • 4. Info Bank. Turkish Football Federation Official Web Site. http://www.tff.org/Default.aspx?pageID=449 Access Date: 11.04.2018
  • 5. Law 6, The Assistant Rreferees. 100 Years FIFA. Pdf Download (https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/afdeveloping/refereeing/law_6_the_assistant_referees_en_47406.pdf)
  • 6. Weston M, Castagna C, Impellizzeri FM, et al. Analysis of physical match performance in English Premier League soccer referees with particular reference to first half and player work rates. J Sci Med Sport. 2007;10:390–397.
  • 7. Castagna C, Abt G, D’Ottavio S. Physiological aspects of soccer refereeing performance and training. Sports Med. 2007;37:625–646.
  • 8. Krustrup P, Mohr M, Bangsbo J. Activity profile and physiological demands of top-class soccer assistant refereeing in relation to training status. J Sports Sci. 2002;20:861-871.
  • 9. Banga HK, Belokar RM, Kumar R. Comparison of foot drop patients with normal person by gait analysis. Int. J. Eng. Technol. Manag. Appl. Sci. 2017;5:31-36.
  • 10. Fuller CW, Ekstrand J, Junge A, et al. Consensus statement on injury definitions and data collection procedures in studies of football (soccer) injuries. Br J Sports Med. 2006;40:193–201.
  • 11. Bizzini M, Junge A, Bahr R, et al. Injuries and musculoskeletal complaints in referees and assistant referees selected for the 2006 FIFA World Cup: retrospective and prospective survey. Br J Sports Med. 2009;43:490-497.
  • 12. Bizzini M, Junge A, Bahr R, et al. Injuries of football referees: a representative survey of Swiss referees officiating at all levels of play. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2011;21:42-47.
  • 13. Bizzini M, Junge A, Bahr R, et al. Injuries and musculoskeletal complaints in referees-a complete survey in the top divisions of the swiss football league. Clin J Sport Med. 2009;19:95-100.
  • 14. Silva AI, Paes MR, Oliveira MC. Injuries in Soccer (Football) Referees of Santa Catarina State. J Exerc Physiol Online. 2014;17:21-30.
  • 15. Hylton B. Menz HB, Dufour AB, Riskowski JL, et al. Planus foot posture and pronated foot function are associated with foot pain: the framingham foot study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2013;65:1991-1999.
  • 16. Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjostrom M, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35:1381-1395.
  • 17. Saglam M, Arikan H, Savci S, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: reliability and validity of the Turkish version. Percept Mot Skills. 2010;111:278-284.
  • 18. Redmond, AC, Crane YZ, Menz HB. Normative values for the Foot Posture Index. J Foot Ankle Res. 2008;31:6-10.
  • 19. Redmond AC, Crosbie J, Ouvrier RA. Development and validation of a novel rating system for scoring standing foot posture: the Foot Posture Index. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2006;21:89-98.
  • 20. Hafer JF, Lenhoff MW, Song J, et al. Reliability of plantar pressure platforms. Gait Posture. 2013;38:544-548.
  • 21. Salvo VD, Carmont MR, Maffulli N. Football officials activities during matches: a comparison of activity of referees and linesmen in European, Premiership and Championship matches. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J. 2011;1:106-111.
  • 22. Barbero-Alvarez JC, Boullosa DA, Nakamura FY, et al. Physical and physiological demands of field and assistant soccer referees during America’s Cup. J Strength Cond Res. 2012;26:1383-1388.
  • 23. Chambers HG, Sutherland DH. A practical guide to gait analysis. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2002;10:222-231.
  • 24. Miles MP, Clarkson PM. Exercise-induced muscle pain, soreness, and cramps. Review. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 1994;34:203-216.
  • 25. Close, GL, Ashton, T, Cable, et al. Eccentric exercise, isokinetic muscle torque and delayed onset muscle soreness: the role of reactive oxygen species. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2004;91:615-621.
  • 26. Inaba Y, Yoshioka S, Iida Y, et al. A biomechanical study of side steps at different distances. J Appl Biomech. 2013;29:336-345.

Bölgesel Futbol Ligindeki Yardımcı Hakemlerin Ayak Postürlerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2019, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 42 - 48, 12.04.2019

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, baldır ağrısı şikayeti ile kliniğe başvuran İstanbul Bölge Ligi futbol yan hakemlerinin ayak postürlerinin, fiziksel aktivite durumlarının ve ayak taban basınç dağılımlarının incelenmesi idi.

Yöntem: Çalışmaya toplam 15 yan hakem (ortalama yaş: 21,00±1,9 yıl) ve 15 sağlıklı birey (ortalama yaş: 21,53±0,8 yıl) dâhil edildi. Katılımcıların fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi'nin (IPAQ-SF) kısa formu ile, ayak postürleri Ayak Postür İndeksi-6 (FPI-6) ile değerlendirildi. Pedobarografik incelemeler Novel EMED-x Rile ile yapıldı.

Bulgular: Hakem grubu ile kontrol grubu arasında IPAQ-SF'nin fiziksel aktivite metabolik eşdeğer dakika/hafta (MET-dk/hf), kuvvetli MET-dk/hf alt parametrelerinde iki grup arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık vardı (sırasıyla; p=0,044, p=0,002). Pedobarografik değerlendirmede, hakem ve kontrol grupları arasında, ayağın herhangi bir bölgesinin maksimum kuvvet ve pik basınç değerlerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark yok idi. Ayrıca, FPI-6 testinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark yok idi.

Sonuç: Bu çalışma, yardımcı hakemler tarafından yapılan yan koşuların ayak postürünü değiştirmediğini göstermiştir. Fiziksel bir nedeni saptanamayan baldır ağrısının ayak postürü ile ilişkili olmadığı belirlendi. Gelecekte yapılacak çalışmalarda ağrının nedeniyle ilgili olarak spor alanının, kullanılan spor malzemelerinin ve ağrıya yol açabilecek diğer faktörlerin ayrıntılı incelenmesini önermekteyiz.

References

  • 1. Mohr M, Krustrup P, Andersson H, et al. Match activities of elite women soccer players at different performance levels. J Strength Cond Res. 2008;22:341-349.
  • 2. Mohr M, Krustrup P, Bangsbo J. Match performance of high-standard soccer players with special reference to development of fatigue. J Sports Sci. 2003;21:519–528.
  • 3. FIFA Communications Division. The FIFA Big Count 2006: 230 million active in football. 2007. pdf download (http://www.fifa.com/search/index.htmx?q=big+count).
  • 4. Info Bank. Turkish Football Federation Official Web Site. http://www.tff.org/Default.aspx?pageID=449 Access Date: 11.04.2018
  • 5. Law 6, The Assistant Rreferees. 100 Years FIFA. Pdf Download (https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/afdeveloping/refereeing/law_6_the_assistant_referees_en_47406.pdf)
  • 6. Weston M, Castagna C, Impellizzeri FM, et al. Analysis of physical match performance in English Premier League soccer referees with particular reference to first half and player work rates. J Sci Med Sport. 2007;10:390–397.
  • 7. Castagna C, Abt G, D’Ottavio S. Physiological aspects of soccer refereeing performance and training. Sports Med. 2007;37:625–646.
  • 8. Krustrup P, Mohr M, Bangsbo J. Activity profile and physiological demands of top-class soccer assistant refereeing in relation to training status. J Sports Sci. 2002;20:861-871.
  • 9. Banga HK, Belokar RM, Kumar R. Comparison of foot drop patients with normal person by gait analysis. Int. J. Eng. Technol. Manag. Appl. Sci. 2017;5:31-36.
  • 10. Fuller CW, Ekstrand J, Junge A, et al. Consensus statement on injury definitions and data collection procedures in studies of football (soccer) injuries. Br J Sports Med. 2006;40:193–201.
  • 11. Bizzini M, Junge A, Bahr R, et al. Injuries and musculoskeletal complaints in referees and assistant referees selected for the 2006 FIFA World Cup: retrospective and prospective survey. Br J Sports Med. 2009;43:490-497.
  • 12. Bizzini M, Junge A, Bahr R, et al. Injuries of football referees: a representative survey of Swiss referees officiating at all levels of play. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2011;21:42-47.
  • 13. Bizzini M, Junge A, Bahr R, et al. Injuries and musculoskeletal complaints in referees-a complete survey in the top divisions of the swiss football league. Clin J Sport Med. 2009;19:95-100.
  • 14. Silva AI, Paes MR, Oliveira MC. Injuries in Soccer (Football) Referees of Santa Catarina State. J Exerc Physiol Online. 2014;17:21-30.
  • 15. Hylton B. Menz HB, Dufour AB, Riskowski JL, et al. Planus foot posture and pronated foot function are associated with foot pain: the framingham foot study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2013;65:1991-1999.
  • 16. Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjostrom M, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35:1381-1395.
  • 17. Saglam M, Arikan H, Savci S, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: reliability and validity of the Turkish version. Percept Mot Skills. 2010;111:278-284.
  • 18. Redmond, AC, Crane YZ, Menz HB. Normative values for the Foot Posture Index. J Foot Ankle Res. 2008;31:6-10.
  • 19. Redmond AC, Crosbie J, Ouvrier RA. Development and validation of a novel rating system for scoring standing foot posture: the Foot Posture Index. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2006;21:89-98.
  • 20. Hafer JF, Lenhoff MW, Song J, et al. Reliability of plantar pressure platforms. Gait Posture. 2013;38:544-548.
  • 21. Salvo VD, Carmont MR, Maffulli N. Football officials activities during matches: a comparison of activity of referees and linesmen in European, Premiership and Championship matches. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J. 2011;1:106-111.
  • 22. Barbero-Alvarez JC, Boullosa DA, Nakamura FY, et al. Physical and physiological demands of field and assistant soccer referees during America’s Cup. J Strength Cond Res. 2012;26:1383-1388.
  • 23. Chambers HG, Sutherland DH. A practical guide to gait analysis. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2002;10:222-231.
  • 24. Miles MP, Clarkson PM. Exercise-induced muscle pain, soreness, and cramps. Review. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 1994;34:203-216.
  • 25. Close, GL, Ashton, T, Cable, et al. Eccentric exercise, isokinetic muscle torque and delayed onset muscle soreness: the role of reactive oxygen species. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2004;91:615-621.
  • 26. Inaba Y, Yoshioka S, Iida Y, et al. A biomechanical study of side steps at different distances. J Appl Biomech. 2013;29:336-345.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Orhan Öztürk 0000-0003-1924-1413

Tuğba Kuru Çolak 0000-0002-3263-2278

Mehmet Akif Türkoğlu This is me 0000-0002-1859-9969

Zübeyir Sarı This is me 0000-0003-1643-5415

Mine Gülden Polat 0000-0002-9705-9740

Publication Date April 12, 2019
Submission Date July 2, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

Vancouver Öztürk O, Çolak TK, Türkoğlu MA, Sarı Z, Polat MG. Evaluation of foot postures of assistant referees in the regional football league. JETR. 2019;6(1):42-8.