Bedensel engelli yüzücülerde çıkış süresinin gövde esnekliği, aerobik endurans ve anaerobik güç ile ilişkisi

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 186 - 192, 31.08.2020

Rabia Gülçin Seyhan , Volga Bayrakcı Tunay Dinçer Göksülük Emin Yusuf Aydın , Nevin Ergun

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma, bedensel engelli yüzücülerin yarışa başlangıç sürelerini etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek amacıyla planlandı.
Yöntem: Çalışmaya yaş ortalaması 18,2±3,69 yıl olan, World Para-Swim Sınıflandırma Sistemine göre spor sınıfları S6-S9 arasında değişen 20 bedensel engelli sporcu katıldı. Aerobik endurans değerlendirmesinde 12 dakika yüzme testi (Cooper Test), anaerobik güç değerlendirmesinde dikey sıçrama testi, gövde esnekliği değerlendirmesinde otur uzan, gövde fleksiyon,
gövde rotasyon ve lateral fleksiyon testleri kullanıldı. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişkilerin miktarını saptamak için Pearson ve Spearman korelasyon analizleri kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Çalışma sonucunda sporcuların otur uzan testi ve dikey sıçrama testi ile çıkış süresi arasında negatif yönde orta düzeyli anlamlı ilişki bulundu (r=-0,465, p˂0,05; r=-0,638, p˂0,05). Çıkış süresi ile 12 dakika yüzme testi arasında yüksek düzeyde anlamlı ilişki bulundu (r=-0,695, p<0,001).
Sonuç: Aerobik endurans, alt ekstremite anaerobik gücü ve sırt-bacak esnekliği testlerinde daha iyi performans sergileyen sporcuların daha hızlı çıkış yapabildiği görüldü. Sporcuların su içi çalışmaların yanı sıra esneklik ve alt ekstremite pliometrik egzersizlerini kara antrenman programına ilave etmesi tavsiye edilmektedir.

Keywords

yüzme, bedensel engelli, fiziksel uygunluk

The relationship between swim-start, trunk flexibility, aerobic endurance and anaerobic power in physically disabled swimmers

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to quantify relationship between physiologic variables and swim start performance in physically disabled swimmers.
Methods: Study included twenty physically disabled sportsmen (mean age 18.2±3.69) between S6-S9 sports classes according to International Classification System. Aerobic endurance was assessed by 12-minute Swim Test (Cooper Test). Anaerobic power was measured by vertical jump test. Flexibility was determined through; sit and reach test, trunk flexion, side flexion and rotation tests. Pearson and Spearman correlation analyzes were used to determine the relationship between variables.
Results: As a result, significant correlation was found between swim start performance and sit and reach test (r=0.465, p<0.05), vertical jump test (r=-0.638, p<0.05). There was a very strong correlation between 12-minute swim test and swim starts performance (r=-0.695, p<0.001).
Conclusion: It has been noticed that, athletes exhibited better performance with aerobic endurance, anaerobic power of the lower extremities and lower back- hamstring flexibility tests able to perform faster start. It is recommended that in addition to pool-based training, flexibility and lower extremity plyometric exercises should be included in dry land training programme.

Keywords

Swimming, Disabled persons, Physical fitness

References

• 1. Barlow H, Halaki M, Stuelcken M, et al. The effect of different kick start positions on OMEGA OSB11 blocks on free swimming time to 15 m in developmental level swimmers. Hum Mov Sci. 2014;34:178-186.
• 2. Seifert L, Vantorre J, Chollet D, et al. Different profiles of the aerial start phase in front crawl. J Strength Cond Res. 2010;24:507-516.
• 3. West DJ, Owen NJ, Cunningham DJ, et al. Strength and power predictors of swimming starts in international sprint swimmers. J Strength Cond Res. 2011;25:950-955.
• 4. Tor E, Pease D, Ball K. Characteristics of an eliteswimming start. Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming Conference; 2014. 5. Vantorre J, Chollet D, Seifert L. Biomechanicalanalysis of the swim-start: a review. J Sports Sci Med. 2014;13:223.
• 6. Kiuchi H, Nakashima M, Cheng KB, et al. Modeling fluid forces in the dive start of competitive swimming. J Biomech Sci Eng. 2010;5:314-328.
• 7. Elipot M, Hellard P, Taïar R, et al. Analysis of swimmers’ velocity during the underwater gliding motion following grab start. J Biomech. 2009;42:1367-1370.
• 8. Naemi R, Easson WJ, Sanders RH. Hydrodynamic glide efficiency in swimming. J Sci Med Sport. 2010;13:444-451.
• 9. Fischer S, Kibele A. The biomechanical structure of swim start performance. Sports Biomech. 2016;15:397-408.
• 10. Guimaraes AC, Hay JG. A mechanical analysis of the grab starting technique in swimming. J Appl Biomech. 1985;1:25-35.
• 11. Naemi R, Sanders RH. A “hydrokinematic” method of measuring the glide efficiency of a human swimmer. J Biomech Eng. 2008;130:061016.
• 12. Vantorre J, Seifert L, Fernandes R, et al. Kinematical profiling of the front crawl start. Int J Sports Med. 2010;31:16-21.
• 13. Havriluk R. Performance level differences in swimming: a meta-analysis of passive drag force. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2005;76:112-118.
• 14. Daly DJ, Malone LA, Smith DJ, et al. The contribution of starting, turning and finishing to total race performance in male paralympic swimmers. Adapt Phys Activ Q. 2001;18:316-333.
• 15. Meckel Y, Bishop D, Rabinovich M, et al. Repeated sprint ability in elite water polo players and swimmers and its relationship to aerobic and anaerobic performance. J Sports Sci Med. 2013;12:738.
• 16. Conley DS, Cureton KJ, Hinson BT, et al. Validation of the 12-minute swim as a field test of peak aerobic power in young women. Res Q Exerc Sport. 1992;63:153-161.
• 17. Van de Vliet P, Rintala P, Fröjd K, et al. Physical fitness profile of elite athletes with intellectual disability. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2006;16:417-425.
• 18. Ergun N, Baltacı G. Spor yaralanmalarında fizyoterapi ve rehabilitasyon prensipleri. Ankara: Pelikan Yayıncılık; 2015.
• 19. Otman AS. Tedavi hareketlerinde temel değerlendirme prensipleri. Ankara: Pelikan yayıncılık; 2014.
• 20. Cho NM, Giorgi HP, Liu KP, et al. Proprioception and flexibility profiles of elite synchronized swimmers. Percept Mot Skills. 2017;124:1151-1163.
• 21. Hayran M. Sağlık araştırmaları için temel istatistik. Ankara: Omega Araştırma; 2011.
• 22. Conley DS, Cureton KJ, Dengel DR, et al. Validation of the 12-min swim as a field test of peak aerobic power in young men. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1991;23:766-773.
• 23. Huse D, Patterson P, Nichols J. The validity and reliability of the 12-minute swim test in male swimmers ages 13-17. Meas Phys Educ Exerc Sci. 2000;4:45-55.
• 24. Garatachea N, Abadía O, García-Isla FJ, et al. Determination and validity of critical swimmingvelocity in elite physically disabled swimmers. Disabil Rehabil. 2006;28:1551-1556.
• 25. García-Ramos A, Padial P, de la Fuente B, et al. Relationship between vertical jump height and swimming start performance before and after an altitude training camp. J Strength Cond Res.2016;30:1638-1645.
• 26. Guidetti L, Franciosi E, Gallotta MC, et al. Could sport specialization influence fitness and health of adults with mental retardation. Res Dev Disabil. 2010;31:1070-1075.
• 27. Sanders RH, Thow J, Fairweather M. Asymmetries in swimming: where do they come from. J Swim Res. 2011;18:1-11.
• 28. Tor E, Pease DL, Ball KA. Key parameters of the swimming start and their relationship to start performance. J Sports Sci. 2015;33:1313-1321.