Research Article

Development of Psychological Resilience Scale for 60-72 Month Old Children: Validity and Reliability Study

Volume: 10 Number: 2 January 2, 2026
TR EN

Development of Psychological Resilience Scale for 60-72 Month Old Children: Validity and Reliability Study

Abstract

This study aims to develop a scale to measure psychological resilience in children aged 60-72 months. The introduction highlights that environmental adversities faced by children can negatively impact their social and emotional development, and psychological resilience enables children to resist these challenges. Psychological resilience is defined as the ability of an individual to maintain healthy development despite encountering difficulties, and various definitions of this concept are discussed. The research methodology is based on a quantitative research approach focusing on scale development. The study group consists of 363 children aged 60-72 months attending independent preschools in Çanakkale. In the scale development process, expert opinions were sought to ensure content validity, and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were conducted on the collected data. As a result of the validity and reliability studies, a 26-item valid and reliable scale was developed for researchers, teachers, and parents to measure children's psychological resilience. The study resulted in the development of a valid and reliable 26-item, 5-factor scale designed for preschool children aged 60-72 months, contributing to the field. The study is expected to contribute to further research in this field and provide an important tool for measuring psychological resilience in early childhood.

Keywords

References

  1. Alvord, M. K., & Grados, J. J. (2005). Enhancing resilience in children: A proactive approach. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 36(3), 238-245.https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.36.3.238
  2. Brooks, R. (2006). The power of resilience: Achieving balance, confidence, and personal strength in your life. McGraw-Hill Education.
  3. Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2002). Faktör analizi: Temel kavramlar ve ölçek geliştirmede kullanımı. Eğitim Yönetimi Dergisi, 32(4), 470-485. 10.14527/517
  4. Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2018). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. (24th ed) Ankara. Pegem.
  5. Chmitorz, A., Kunzler, A., Helmreich, I., Tüscher, O., Kalisch, R., Kubiak, T., & Wessa, M., & Lieb, K. (2018). Intervention studies to foster resilience—A systematic review and proposal for a resilience framework in future intervention studies. Clinical Psychology Review, 59, 78–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2017.11.002
  6. Fergus, S., & Zimmerman, M. A. (2005). Adolescent resilience: A framework for understanding healthy development in the face of risk. Annual Review of Public Health, 26, 399–419. 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144357
  7. George, D., & Mallery, P. (2003). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference (4th ed.). Allyn & Bacon.
  8. Ginsburg, K. R., & Jablow, M. M. (2015). Building resilience in children and teens: Giving kids roots and wings (3rd ed.) American Academy of Pediatrics.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Scale Development, Early Childhood Education

Journal Section

Research Article

Early Pub Date

December 16, 2025

Publication Date

January 2, 2026

Submission Date

December 13, 2024

Acceptance Date

December 25, 2024

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 10 Number: 2

APA
Gürsoy Kızılaslan, İ., & Güleç, H. (2026). Development of Psychological Resilience Scale for 60-72 Month Old Children: Validity and Reliability Study. Journal of Family Counseling and Education, 10(2), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.32568/jfce.1601181
AMA
1.Gürsoy Kızılaslan İ, Güleç H. Development of Psychological Resilience Scale for 60-72 Month Old Children: Validity and Reliability Study. JFCE. 2026;10(2):1-19. doi:10.32568/jfce.1601181
Chicago
Gürsoy Kızılaslan, İlayda, and Havise Güleç. 2026. “Development of Psychological Resilience Scale for 60-72 Month Old Children: Validity and Reliability Study”. Journal of Family Counseling and Education 10 (2): 1-19. https://doi.org/10.32568/jfce.1601181.
EndNote
Gürsoy Kızılaslan İ, Güleç H (January 1, 2026) Development of Psychological Resilience Scale for 60-72 Month Old Children: Validity and Reliability Study. Journal of Family Counseling and Education 10 2 1–19.
IEEE
[1]İ. Gürsoy Kızılaslan and H. Güleç, “Development of Psychological Resilience Scale for 60-72 Month Old Children: Validity and Reliability Study”, JFCE, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 1–19, Jan. 2026, doi: 10.32568/jfce.1601181.
ISNAD
Gürsoy Kızılaslan, İlayda - Güleç, Havise. “Development of Psychological Resilience Scale for 60-72 Month Old Children: Validity and Reliability Study”. Journal of Family Counseling and Education 10/2 (January 1, 2026): 1-19. https://doi.org/10.32568/jfce.1601181.
JAMA
1.Gürsoy Kızılaslan İ, Güleç H. Development of Psychological Resilience Scale for 60-72 Month Old Children: Validity and Reliability Study. JFCE. 2026;10:1–19.
MLA
Gürsoy Kızılaslan, İlayda, and Havise Güleç. “Development of Psychological Resilience Scale for 60-72 Month Old Children: Validity and Reliability Study”. Journal of Family Counseling and Education, vol. 10, no. 2, Jan. 2026, pp. 1-19, doi:10.32568/jfce.1601181.
Vancouver
1.İlayda Gürsoy Kızılaslan, Havise Güleç. Development of Psychological Resilience Scale for 60-72 Month Old Children: Validity and Reliability Study. JFCE. 2026 Jan. 1;10(2):1-19. doi:10.32568/jfce.1601181