Symbolic Violence and Reproduction of Gender Inequality in Turkish Media: Case of New Bride TV Serial

Abstract

Television has capacity to reach to massive audiences and produce various cultural commodities in a considerable amount, thereby functions as a major agent in the process of socialisation and has necessarily substantial power to construct social order. Despite the development of internet technology, television, is still one of the major free time activities in Turkish society. Gender inequality is currently a challenge in Turkish society and televisions, thus becomes more of an issue. Bourdieu, as one of the most creative, productive and iconoclastic scholars of the twentieth century attempted to explicate how social order and structure is constructed and reproduced with concepts of symbolic violence, capital, habitus. The research analyses New Bride television serial with qualitative content analysis technique to look into how gender inequality is reproduced by wielding symbolic violence. New Bride television serial is the unit of the content analysis. Symbolic violence is the main category and sexual division of labour and space, exclusion from public space, androcentric vision, bodily emotions, love of dominant, ancien regime are the subcategories of the content analysis. The research reveals that New Bride television serial contributes to the reproduction of gender inequality by wielding symbolic violence. 

Keywords

• Symbolic violence,media,television,gender inequality

References

1. Andersen, M. L., & Witham, H. D. (2009). Thinking about women: Sociological perspectives on sex and gender. (8th. Ed.). Boston, USA: Pearson.
2. Aslan, N. B., & Nisan, F. (2018). Poligamik ilişkilerdeki kadın temsillerinde patriarkal kodların çözümlenmesi: Yeni Gelin Dizisini alımlama analizi örneği. Dergipark. 3(6) pp 520-541. Retrieved from http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/516973
3. Batmaz, V., & Aksoy, A. (1995). Türkiyede televizyon ve aile. Ankara, Turkey.
4. Berger, A. A. (1991). Media analysis techniques. California, USA: Sage Publications, Inc.
5. Bourdieu, P. (1990). In other words: Essays towards a reflexive sociology. California, USA: Stranford University Press.
6. Bourdieu, P. (1998a). On television. NewYork, USA: The New Press.
7. Bourdieu, P. (1998b). Practical reason: On the theory of action. California, USA: Stranford University Press.
8. Bourdieu, P. (2000). Pascalian meditations. California, USA: Stranford University Press.

9. Bourdieu, P. (2001). Masculine domination. California, USA: Stranford University Press.
10. Bourdieu, P. (2003). Language and symbolic power. (7th Ed.). Cambridge, USA: Harvard University Press.
11. Bourdieu, P. (2010a). Journalism and politics. In Sapiro, G. & Bourdieu, P. (Eds). (pp. 3-10). Sociology is a martial art: Political writings by Pierre Bourdieu. New York, USA: The New Press.
12. Bourdieu, P. (2010b). On television. in Sapiro, G. & Bourdieu, P. (Eds). Sociology is a martial art: Political writings by Pierre Bourdieu. (pp. 11-61). New York, USA: The New Press.
13. Bourdieu, P. (2017). Ayrım: Beğeni yargılarının toplumsal eleştirisi Ankara, Turkey. Heretic Publications.
14. Burawoy, M., & Holdt, K. V. (2012). Conversations with Bourdieu: The Johannesburg moment. South Africa: Wits University Press.
15. Doyle, J. A., & Paludi, M. A. (1998). Sex and gender: The human experience. (4th ed.). Boston: USA. WCB McGraw-Hill.
16. Ecevit, Y. (2011). Toplumsal cinsiyet sosyolojisine başlangıç in Ecevit, Y. & Karkıner, N. Sociology of gender. (pp. 2-29). Eskisehir, Turkey: Anatolian University.
17. Eckert, P., & Ginet, S. M.(2003) Language and gender. New York, USA: Cambridge University Press.
18. Erdoğan, D. (2015). Erken cumhuriyet döneminde sembolic şiddetin kurumsallaşması: Erken cumhuriyet dönemi gazetelerinde kadın tasavvuru (Doctoral thesis). Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
19. Fairclough, N. (1995). Media discourse. London, UK. Hodder Education.
20. Fiske, J. (1987). Television culture. (2nd ed.). New York, USA: Routledge.
21. Gauntlett, D. (2008). Media, gender and identity: An introduction. (2nd ed.) New York USA: Routledge.
22. Giles, D. (2003). Media psychology. New Jersey, USA. Lawrence Erlbaum.
23. Guler, E. (Writer), & Guler, E. (Director). (2017). [Television series episode]. In Gündoğdu, İ. and Gündoğdu, İ. (Executive Producer), New bride. Turkey, Surec Film. Retrieved from https://www.showtv.com.tr/dizi /tanitim/yeni-gelin/
24. Hughes, C., & Blaxter L. (2007). Feminist appropriations of Bourdieu: the case of social capital. In Lovell, T. (Eds.) (Mis) recognition, social inequality, and social justice: Nancy Fraser and Pierre Bourdieu. New York, USA: Routledge
25. İnceoğlu, İ., & Akçalı, E. (2018). Research on gender equality in television serials. Retrieved from https://www. acade mia.edu/37609906/TÜSİAD_Televizyon_ Dizi lerinde_Toplumsal_Cinsiyet_Eşitliği_ Araştırması_Raporu
26. Jenkins, R. (2002). Pierre Bourdieu. (2nd ed.). USA: New York. Routledge.
27. Krais, B. (1993). Gender and symbolic violence: Female oppression in the light of Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of social practice. In Calhoun, C., Edward, L. & Postone, M. (Eds.). Bourdieu: Critical prespectives. (pp. 156-177). Washington, USA: Polity Press.
28. Krippendorf, K. (2004). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. (2nd Ed.). California, USA: Sage.
29. Lorber, J. (2012). Feminism and their contributions to gender equality. In Lorber, J. (Eds). Gender inequality. (pp. 1-22). New York, USA: Oxford University Press.
30. Kurt Topuz, S. (2016). Toplumsal cinsiyet ve iktidar in Altunoğlu, A. (Eds.). Toplumsal Cinsiyet Çalışmaları. (pp. 25-43). Eskisehir, Turkey: Anatolian University.
31. Radio & Television Supreme Court. (2018). Research on tendencies of watching television in Turkey. Retrieved from https://www.rtuk.gov.tr/a ssets/Icerik/ AltSiteler /televizonizlemeegilimleriaras tirmasi2018.pdf
32. Rey, T. (2007). Bourdieu on religion: Imposing faith and legitimacy. New York,USA:Routledge Publications
33. Schreier, M. (2012). Qualitative content analysis in practice. California, USA: Sage Publications.
34. Serim, Ö. (2007). Türk televizyon Tarihi: 1952-2006. Istanbul, Turkey: Epsilon
35. Shanahan, J., & Morgan, M. (2004). Television and its viewers: Cultivation theory and research. [e-book]. Retrieved from https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/sakarya-ebooks/detail.action?docID=202000andquery=Television+n d+its+Viewers
36. Story of New Bride Serial & Cast. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.showtv.com.tr/dizi/tanitim/yeni-gelin/1752
37. Swartz, D. (1997). Culture and power: The sociology of Pierre Bourdieu. Chicago, USA: University of Chicago Press.
38. Thompson, J. B. (1998). Media and modernity. Social theory of the media. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
39. Turkish Statistics Institute. (2015) Time use research, 2014-2015. (04/12/2015) [e-book]. Retrieved from http:/ /www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=18627
40. Van Zoonen, L. (1994). Feminist media studies. London: Sage Publications.
41. Webb, J., Schirato, T., & Danaher, G. (2008) Understanding Bourdieu [e-book]. Retrieved from https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/sakarya-ebooks/detail action? docID=6895 52andquery =bourdieu#
42. Wimmer, R. D., & Dominick, J. R. (2011). Mass media research: An introduction. (9th Ed.). Canada: Wadsworth Cencage Learning.
43. Wood, J. T. (2011). Gendered lives: Communication, gender, and culture. (9th ed.). Canada. Wadsworth Cencage Learning.
44. World Health Organisation (2019). Gender, equity and human rights: Gender. (11/02/2019). Retrieved from https://www.who.int/gender-equity-rights/understanding/gender-definition/en/