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An Analysis on Sleep Habits and Generalized Anxiety Levels of Individuals during the COVİD-19 Pandemic

Year 2020, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 60 - 73, 29.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.32568/jfce.742086

Abstract

COVİD-19 pandemic affecting the entire world rapidly and unpreparedly also continues to increase its effect in our country. In addition to the economic and health problems repeatedly addressed, the negative impact of the pandemic on human psychology also draws attention. In this study where we tried to measure the psychological impact of COVİD-19 pandemic on the society, the anxiety level of the individuals and some parameters such as anxiety-related sleep habit were also studied. In this context, the data were collected through a questionnaire generated by the researcher and GAD-7 scale (Generalized Anxiety Disorder) The research design was developed according to correlational survey design, one of the quantitative research methods. In the study, data were collected from 451 people (M = 226, F = 225) through online forms using easy sampling method. Results were analysed with descriptive statistics and independent t test methods. According to the results of the study, it was determined that a big part of the participants had high anxiety levels. Also, it was determined that individuals' sleeping habits changed and they had trouble sleeping during COVİD-19 pandemic. The study found that individuals having trouble sleeping, had a higher inclination to have generalized anxiety. The results were discussed in accordance with the literature and some proposals were made.

References

  • Aktaş, A. M. (2003). Kriz durumlarında sosyal hizmet müdahalesi. Kriz Dergisi, 11(3), 37-44. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1501/Kriz_0000000196 on 15.05.2020
  • Aysan, E., Karaköse, S., Zaybak, A., & İsmailoğlu, E. G. (2014). Üniversite öğrencilerinde uyku kalitesi ve etkileyen faktörler. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 7(3), 193-198. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/ on 14.05.2020
  • Beck, A. T., Emery, G., & Greenberg, R. L. (2005). Anxiety disorders and phobias: A cognitive perspective. New York, Basic Books.
  • Chen, R., Chou, K., R., Huang, Y. J., Wang, T. S., Liu, S. Y., & Ho, L. Y. (2006). Effects of a SARS prevention programme in Taiwan on nursing staff’s anxiety, depression and sleep quality: A longitudinal survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 43(2), 215–225. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2005.03.006
  • Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2007). Research methods in education. NewYork, NY: Routledge.
  • Çakır, Ö. (2007). İşini kaybetme kaygısı: İş güvencesizliği. Çalışma ve Toplum Dergisi, 1(12), 117-140. Retrieved from http://calismatoplum.org/calisma/en/isini-kaybetme-kaygisi on 15.05.2020
  • Çırakoğlu, O. C. (2011). Domuz Gribi (H1N1) salgınıyla ilişkili algıların, kaygı ve kaçınma düzeyi değişkenleri bağlamında incelenmesi. Turk Psikoloji Dergisi, 26(67), 49-64. Retrieved from https://www.psikolog.org.tr/tr/ on 10.05.2020
  • Dugas, M. J., Buhr, K., & Ladouceur, R. (2004). The role of intolerance of uncertainty in the etiology and maintenance of generalized anxiety disorder. R. G. Heimberg, C. L. Turk, D. S. Menin (Eds), In Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Advances in research and practice (pp, 143-163). New York: Guilford Press.
  • Dursun, S., & Bayram, N. (2013). İş güvencesizliği algısının çalışanların kaygı düzeyleri üzerine etkisi: Bir uygulama. ISGUC The Journal of Industrial Relations and Human Resources, 15(3), 20-27. doi: 10.4026/1303-2860.2013.0229.x
  • Ekiz, T , Ilıman, E., & Dönmez, E . (2020). Bireylerin sağlık anksiyetesi düzeyleri ile COVİD-19 salgını kontrol algısının karşılaştırılması. Uluslararası Sağlık Yönetimi ve Stratejileri Araştırma Dergisi, 6(1), 139-154. Retrieved from http://static.dergipark.org.tr/ on 28.04.2020
  • Fernández-Mendoza, J., Vela-Bueno, A., Vgontzas, A. N., Olavarrieta-Bernardino, S., Ramos-Platón, M. J., Bixler, E. O., & De la Cruz-Troca, J. J. (2009). Nighttime sleep and daytime functioning correlates of the insomnia complaint in young adults. Journal of adolescence, 32(5), 1059-1074. Retrieved from doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.03.005 on 25.04.2020
  • Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H., (2012). How to design and evaluate research in education (8th ed.). New York: Mc Graw Hill.
  • Gay, L. R., &Airasian, P. (2000). Educational research: Competencies foranalysis and application. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc.
  • Gordon C. S., Waller J. W., Cook R. M., Cavalera S. L, Lim W. T., & Osadnik C. R. (2019). Effect of pulmonary rehabilitation on symptoms of anxiety and depression in COPD: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Chest, 156 (1), 80-91. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.04.009.
  • Hekler, E. B., Lambert, J., Leventhal, E., Leventhal, H., Jahn, E., & Contrada, R. J. (2008). Commonsense illness beliefs, adherence behaviors, and hypertension control among African Americans. Journal of behavioral medicine, 31(5), 391-400. Retrieved from doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-008-9165-4 on 30.04.2020
  • Huang, Y., & Zhao, N. (2020). Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVİD-19 epidemic in China: A web-based cross-sectional survey. Psychiatry Research. Retrieved from doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112954 on 01.05.2020
  • İçişleri Bakanlığı (2020, 16 Mart). 81 İl valiliğine coronavirüs tedbirleri konulu ek bir genelge daha gönderildi. Retrieved from https://www.icisleri.gov.tr/koronavirus-tedbirleri-genelgesi on 25.04.2020
  • Karamustafalıoğlu, O., & Yumrukçal, H. (2011). Depression and anxiety disorders. The Medical Bulletin of Sisli Etfal Hospital, 45(2), 65-74. Retrieved from http://anadoluissagligi.com/img/file_1370.pdf on 12.05.2020
  • Karasar, N., (2008) Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Kauffman, J. M., & Landrum, T. J. (2015). Dugusal ve davranışsal bozukluğu olan çocukların ve gençlerin özellikleri. Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
  • Kavakçı, Ö. (2014). Ruhsal travma tedavisi için EMDR. Ankara: HYB Yayıncılık.
  • Kessler, R. C., McGonagle, K. A., Zhao, S., Nelson, C. B., Hughes, M., Eshleman, S., Wittchen, H., & Kendler, K. S., (1994). Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of general psychiatry, 51(1), 8-19. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950010008002
  • Konkan, R., Şenormancı, Ö., Güçlü, O., Aydin, E., & Sungur, M. Z. (2013). Yaygın Anksiyete Bozukluğu-7 (YAB-7) Testi Türkçe uyarlaması, geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Archives of Neuropsychiatry/Noropsikiatri Arsivi, 50(1), 53-58. doi: 10.4274/npa.y6308
  • Koyuncu, H. (2020, 26 Nisan). Koronavirüs (COVİD-19) salgını ne zaman bitecek? Retrieved from https://tr.euronews.com/ on 28.04.2020
  • Köroglu, E. (2013). DSM-5 tanı ölçütleri başvuru el kitabi. Ankara: HYB.
  • Köse, S., Yılmaz, Ş. K., & Göktaş, S. (2018). Lise son sınıf öğrencilerinin sınav kaygı düzeyleri ile uyku kalitesi arasındaki ilişki. J Psychiatric Nurs 2018, 9(2), 105-111. doi: 10.14744/phd.2018.05025
  • Lee, S. A. (2020). Coronavirus Anxiety Scale: A brief mental health screener for COVİD-19 related anxiety. Death Studies, 4(7), 393-401, doi:10.1080/07481187.2020.1748481
  • Leung, G. M., Ho, L. M., Chan, S. K., Ho, S. Y., Bacon-Shone, J., Choy, R. Y., ... & Fielding, R. (2005). Longitudinal assessment of community psychobehavioral responses during and after the 2003 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 40(12), 1713-1720. Retrieved from doi: https://doi.org/10.1086/429923 on 15.05.2020
  • Morgan. C. T. (2011) Psikolojiye Giriş. S. Karakaş & R. Eski (Çev.). Ankara: Eğitim Akademi Yayınları.
  • Morrison, J. (2017). DSM-5’i Kolaylaştıran: Klinisyenler İçin Tanı Rehberi. M. Şahin & H.U. Kural (Çev.). Ankara: Nobel yayınları.
  • Özatay, F., & Sak, G. (2020). COVİD-19’un Ekonomik Sonuçlarını Yönetebilmek İçin Ne Yapılabilir?. TEPAV Politika Notu, (202005). Ankara: Türkiye Ekonomi Politikaları Araştırma Vakfı. Retrieved from https://www.tepav.org.tr/ 06.05.2020
  • Sade, G. (2020, 3 Nisan). Türkiye'de de görülen Koronavirüs (COVİD-19) nedir? Belirtileri neler, hangi önlemler etkili? Retrieved from https://tr.euronews.com/ on 19.05.2020
  • Sadock, B. J., & Sadock, V. A. (2008). Kaplan & Sadock's concise textbook of clinical psychiatry. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  • Sağlık Bakanlığı, (2020, 14 Mayıs). Yeni Koronavirüs Hastalığı (COVİD-19). Retrieved from https://covid19bilgi.saglik.gov.tr/tr/ on 19.05.2020
  • Sher, L. (2020). COVİD-19, anxiety, sleep disturbances and suicide. Sleep Medicine. Retrieved from doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.04.019 on 30.03.2020
  • Şenol, V., Soyuer, F., Akça, R. P., & Argün, M. (2012). Adolesanlarda uyku kalitesi ve etkileyen faktörler. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi, 13(2), 93-104. Retrieved from https://kocatepetipdergisi.aku.edu.tr/PDF on 30.03.2020
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An Analysis on Sleep Habits and Generalized Anxiety Levels of Individuals during the COVİD-19 Pandemic

Year 2020, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 60 - 73, 29.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.32568/jfce.742086

Abstract

COVİD-19 pandemic affecting the entire world rapidly and unpreparedly also continues to increase its effect in our country. In addition to the economic and health problems repeatedly addressed, the negative impact of the pandemic on human psychology also draws attention. In this study where we tried to measure the psychological impact of COVİD-19 pandemic on the society, the anxiety level of the individuals and some parameters such as anxiety-related sleep habit were also studied. In this context, the data were collected through a questionnaire generated by the researcher and GAD-7 scale (Generalized Anxiety Disorder) The research design was developed according to correlational survey design, one of the quantitative research methods. In the study, data were collected from 451 people (M = 226, F = 225) through online forms using easy sampling method. Results were analysed with descriptive statistics and independent t test methods. According to the results of the study, it was determined that a big part of the participants had high anxiety levels. Also, it was determined that individuals' sleeping habits changed and they had trouble sleeping during COVİD-19 pandemic. The study found that individuals having trouble sleeping, had a higher inclination to have generalized anxiety. The results were discussed in accordance with the literature and some proposals were made.

References

  • Aktaş, A. M. (2003). Kriz durumlarında sosyal hizmet müdahalesi. Kriz Dergisi, 11(3), 37-44. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1501/Kriz_0000000196 on 15.05.2020
  • Aysan, E., Karaköse, S., Zaybak, A., & İsmailoğlu, E. G. (2014). Üniversite öğrencilerinde uyku kalitesi ve etkileyen faktörler. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 7(3), 193-198. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/ on 14.05.2020
  • Beck, A. T., Emery, G., & Greenberg, R. L. (2005). Anxiety disorders and phobias: A cognitive perspective. New York, Basic Books.
  • Chen, R., Chou, K., R., Huang, Y. J., Wang, T. S., Liu, S. Y., & Ho, L. Y. (2006). Effects of a SARS prevention programme in Taiwan on nursing staff’s anxiety, depression and sleep quality: A longitudinal survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 43(2), 215–225. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2005.03.006
  • Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2007). Research methods in education. NewYork, NY: Routledge.
  • Çakır, Ö. (2007). İşini kaybetme kaygısı: İş güvencesizliği. Çalışma ve Toplum Dergisi, 1(12), 117-140. Retrieved from http://calismatoplum.org/calisma/en/isini-kaybetme-kaygisi on 15.05.2020
  • Çırakoğlu, O. C. (2011). Domuz Gribi (H1N1) salgınıyla ilişkili algıların, kaygı ve kaçınma düzeyi değişkenleri bağlamında incelenmesi. Turk Psikoloji Dergisi, 26(67), 49-64. Retrieved from https://www.psikolog.org.tr/tr/ on 10.05.2020
  • Dugas, M. J., Buhr, K., & Ladouceur, R. (2004). The role of intolerance of uncertainty in the etiology and maintenance of generalized anxiety disorder. R. G. Heimberg, C. L. Turk, D. S. Menin (Eds), In Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Advances in research and practice (pp, 143-163). New York: Guilford Press.
  • Dursun, S., & Bayram, N. (2013). İş güvencesizliği algısının çalışanların kaygı düzeyleri üzerine etkisi: Bir uygulama. ISGUC The Journal of Industrial Relations and Human Resources, 15(3), 20-27. doi: 10.4026/1303-2860.2013.0229.x
  • Ekiz, T , Ilıman, E., & Dönmez, E . (2020). Bireylerin sağlık anksiyetesi düzeyleri ile COVİD-19 salgını kontrol algısının karşılaştırılması. Uluslararası Sağlık Yönetimi ve Stratejileri Araştırma Dergisi, 6(1), 139-154. Retrieved from http://static.dergipark.org.tr/ on 28.04.2020
  • Fernández-Mendoza, J., Vela-Bueno, A., Vgontzas, A. N., Olavarrieta-Bernardino, S., Ramos-Platón, M. J., Bixler, E. O., & De la Cruz-Troca, J. J. (2009). Nighttime sleep and daytime functioning correlates of the insomnia complaint in young adults. Journal of adolescence, 32(5), 1059-1074. Retrieved from doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.03.005 on 25.04.2020
  • Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H., (2012). How to design and evaluate research in education (8th ed.). New York: Mc Graw Hill.
  • Gay, L. R., &Airasian, P. (2000). Educational research: Competencies foranalysis and application. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc.
  • Gordon C. S., Waller J. W., Cook R. M., Cavalera S. L, Lim W. T., & Osadnik C. R. (2019). Effect of pulmonary rehabilitation on symptoms of anxiety and depression in COPD: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Chest, 156 (1), 80-91. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.04.009.
  • Hekler, E. B., Lambert, J., Leventhal, E., Leventhal, H., Jahn, E., & Contrada, R. J. (2008). Commonsense illness beliefs, adherence behaviors, and hypertension control among African Americans. Journal of behavioral medicine, 31(5), 391-400. Retrieved from doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-008-9165-4 on 30.04.2020
  • Huang, Y., & Zhao, N. (2020). Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVİD-19 epidemic in China: A web-based cross-sectional survey. Psychiatry Research. Retrieved from doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112954 on 01.05.2020
  • İçişleri Bakanlığı (2020, 16 Mart). 81 İl valiliğine coronavirüs tedbirleri konulu ek bir genelge daha gönderildi. Retrieved from https://www.icisleri.gov.tr/koronavirus-tedbirleri-genelgesi on 25.04.2020
  • Karamustafalıoğlu, O., & Yumrukçal, H. (2011). Depression and anxiety disorders. The Medical Bulletin of Sisli Etfal Hospital, 45(2), 65-74. Retrieved from http://anadoluissagligi.com/img/file_1370.pdf on 12.05.2020
  • Karasar, N., (2008) Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Kauffman, J. M., & Landrum, T. J. (2015). Dugusal ve davranışsal bozukluğu olan çocukların ve gençlerin özellikleri. Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
  • Kavakçı, Ö. (2014). Ruhsal travma tedavisi için EMDR. Ankara: HYB Yayıncılık.
  • Kessler, R. C., McGonagle, K. A., Zhao, S., Nelson, C. B., Hughes, M., Eshleman, S., Wittchen, H., & Kendler, K. S., (1994). Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of general psychiatry, 51(1), 8-19. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950010008002
  • Konkan, R., Şenormancı, Ö., Güçlü, O., Aydin, E., & Sungur, M. Z. (2013). Yaygın Anksiyete Bozukluğu-7 (YAB-7) Testi Türkçe uyarlaması, geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Archives of Neuropsychiatry/Noropsikiatri Arsivi, 50(1), 53-58. doi: 10.4274/npa.y6308
  • Koyuncu, H. (2020, 26 Nisan). Koronavirüs (COVİD-19) salgını ne zaman bitecek? Retrieved from https://tr.euronews.com/ on 28.04.2020
  • Köroglu, E. (2013). DSM-5 tanı ölçütleri başvuru el kitabi. Ankara: HYB.
  • Köse, S., Yılmaz, Ş. K., & Göktaş, S. (2018). Lise son sınıf öğrencilerinin sınav kaygı düzeyleri ile uyku kalitesi arasındaki ilişki. J Psychiatric Nurs 2018, 9(2), 105-111. doi: 10.14744/phd.2018.05025
  • Lee, S. A. (2020). Coronavirus Anxiety Scale: A brief mental health screener for COVİD-19 related anxiety. Death Studies, 4(7), 393-401, doi:10.1080/07481187.2020.1748481
  • Leung, G. M., Ho, L. M., Chan, S. K., Ho, S. Y., Bacon-Shone, J., Choy, R. Y., ... & Fielding, R. (2005). Longitudinal assessment of community psychobehavioral responses during and after the 2003 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 40(12), 1713-1720. Retrieved from doi: https://doi.org/10.1086/429923 on 15.05.2020
  • Morgan. C. T. (2011) Psikolojiye Giriş. S. Karakaş & R. Eski (Çev.). Ankara: Eğitim Akademi Yayınları.
  • Morrison, J. (2017). DSM-5’i Kolaylaştıran: Klinisyenler İçin Tanı Rehberi. M. Şahin & H.U. Kural (Çev.). Ankara: Nobel yayınları.
  • Özatay, F., & Sak, G. (2020). COVİD-19’un Ekonomik Sonuçlarını Yönetebilmek İçin Ne Yapılabilir?. TEPAV Politika Notu, (202005). Ankara: Türkiye Ekonomi Politikaları Araştırma Vakfı. Retrieved from https://www.tepav.org.tr/ 06.05.2020
  • Sade, G. (2020, 3 Nisan). Türkiye'de de görülen Koronavirüs (COVİD-19) nedir? Belirtileri neler, hangi önlemler etkili? Retrieved from https://tr.euronews.com/ on 19.05.2020
  • Sadock, B. J., & Sadock, V. A. (2008). Kaplan & Sadock's concise textbook of clinical psychiatry. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
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There are 56 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Studies on Education
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Şenel Çıtak 0000-0003-1155-1767

Ümit Pekdemir This is me

Publication Date June 29, 2020
Submission Date May 24, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 5 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Çıtak, Ş., & Pekdemir, Ü. (2020). An Analysis on Sleep Habits and Generalized Anxiety Levels of Individuals during the COVİD-19 Pandemic. Journal of Family Counseling and Education, 5(1), 60-73. https://doi.org/10.32568/jfce.742086
AMA Çıtak Ş, Pekdemir Ü. An Analysis on Sleep Habits and Generalized Anxiety Levels of Individuals during the COVİD-19 Pandemic. JFCE. June 2020;5(1):60-73. doi:10.32568/jfce.742086
Chicago Çıtak, Şenel, and Ümit Pekdemir. “An Analysis on Sleep Habits and Generalized Anxiety Levels of Individuals During the COVİD-19 Pandemic”. Journal of Family Counseling and Education 5, no. 1 (June 2020): 60-73. https://doi.org/10.32568/jfce.742086.
EndNote Çıtak Ş, Pekdemir Ü (June 1, 2020) An Analysis on Sleep Habits and Generalized Anxiety Levels of Individuals during the COVİD-19 Pandemic. Journal of Family Counseling and Education 5 1 60–73.
IEEE Ş. Çıtak and Ü. Pekdemir, “An Analysis on Sleep Habits and Generalized Anxiety Levels of Individuals during the COVİD-19 Pandemic”, JFCE, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 60–73, 2020, doi: 10.32568/jfce.742086.
ISNAD Çıtak, Şenel - Pekdemir, Ümit. “An Analysis on Sleep Habits and Generalized Anxiety Levels of Individuals During the COVİD-19 Pandemic”. Journal of Family Counseling and Education 5/1 (June 2020), 60-73. https://doi.org/10.32568/jfce.742086.
JAMA Çıtak Ş, Pekdemir Ü. An Analysis on Sleep Habits and Generalized Anxiety Levels of Individuals during the COVİD-19 Pandemic. JFCE. 2020;5:60–73.
MLA Çıtak, Şenel and Ümit Pekdemir. “An Analysis on Sleep Habits and Generalized Anxiety Levels of Individuals During the COVİD-19 Pandemic”. Journal of Family Counseling and Education, vol. 5, no. 1, 2020, pp. 60-73, doi:10.32568/jfce.742086.
Vancouver Çıtak Ş, Pekdemir Ü. An Analysis on Sleep Habits and Generalized Anxiety Levels of Individuals during the COVİD-19 Pandemic. JFCE. 2020;5(1):60-73.

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