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The assessment of management practices on rangelands exploitation using state and transition model in central arid regions of Iran

Year 2017, Volume: 67 Issue: 1, 85 - 92, 01.01.2017

Seyyed Abdolhossein Arami Gholamali Heshmati

https://doi.org/10.17099/jffiu.37625

Abstract

The assessment of management practices on rangelands exploitation using state and transition model in central arid regions of Iran

Abstract: Rangeland management in arid and semi-arid regions requires comprehensive attention to ecological processes and consider the interrelationship of those processes. Considering discard the theory of climax and rangeland succession model in recent years especially in arid regions and shrub lands, the new theory known as the state and transition model is taken into consideration by natural sciences and environmental specialistsb in the world. In present study, state and transition model and its application in rangeland management will be discussed and wil be peresented a case study of Iran for more description. As a case study, Nir rangelands of Yazd province will be introduced. In this rangeland, both status of enclose and grazing livestock evaluated and grazing livestock has been introduced as threshold of these two conditions. Rangelands of arid regions are biologically fragile and in the case of little degradation, a long time will be needed for compensation. The definition of different situations, thresholds, transitions and indicators will help managers to follow change trend among different plant communities and establish an ideal community. But due to very slow and very small changes in arid regions rangelands, use of models in these areas is not possible.

Keywords: Model, state and transition, Nir of Yazd, threshold, arid region.

İran'ın orta kurak bölgelerinde eyalet ve geçiş modelini kullanarak mera yönetim uygulamalarının değerlendirilmesi

Özet: Kurak ve yarı kurak bölgelerde mera yönetimi ekolojik süreçlere kapsamlı bir dikkat ve bu süreçlerin birbirleriyle olan ilişkisini göz önünde tutmayı gerektirir. Özellikle kurak bölgelerde, klimaks ve mera süksesyon modelinin terkedilmeye başlanması ile beraber, devlet ve geçiş modeli olarak bilinen yeni bir teori son yıllarda doğa bilimleri ile uğraşan uzmanlar tarafından uygulanmaya başlamıştır. Bu çalışmada, devlet ve geçiş modelini konu alan mera yönetimi uygulaması ele alınacak ve daha fazla açıklama için İran'ın Yazd eyaletinde bulunan Nir meralarında yapılan bir örnek çalışma sunulacaktır. Kurak bölgelerde yer alan meralar biyolojik olarak hassas ve kırılgandırlar, dolayısıyla bozulmaları durumunda, toparlanmaları için uzun bir süre gerekli olacaktır. Meralarda oluşacak geçişler ve değişimler yardımıyla yöneticiler farklı bitki toplulukları arasında değişim trendini takip ederek ideal bir bitki toplumu kurabilmektedirler. Ancak kurak mıntıkalardaki değişimin yavaşlığı buralarda model kullanmayı oldukça sekteye uğratmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Model, devlet ve geçiş modeli, Yezd-Nir, eşik, kurak bölge.

Received (Geliş): 25.02.2016 - Revised (Düzeltme): 08.04.2016 -   Accepted (Kabul): 13.04.2016

Cite (Atıf): Arami, S.A., Heshmati, G., 2017. The assessment of management practices on rangelands exploitation using state and transition model in central arid regions of Iran. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University 67(1): 85-92. DOI: 10.17099/jffiu.37625

References

  • Ash, A.J., Bellamy, J.A., Stockwell, T.G.H., 1994. State and transition model for rangelands. Application of state and transitioin models to rangelands in northern Australia. Tropical Grasslands 28: 223-228.
  • Bagchi, S., Briske, D.D., Wu, X.B., McClaran, M.P., Bestelmeyer, B.T., Fernández-Giménez, M.E., 2012. Empirical assessment of state-and-transition models with a long-term vegetation record from the Sonoran Desert. Ecological Applications 22(2): 400-411.
  • Baghestani Maybodi, N., Zare, M.T., Abdollahi, J., 2007. Effects of 2-decade livestock exclusion on vegetation changes in steppic rangelands of Yazd province. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research 13(4): 337-346 (In Persian).
  • Bestelmeyer, B.T., Brown, J.R., Havstad, K.M., Alexander, R., Chavez, G., Herrick, J.E., 2003. Development and use of state-and-transition models for rangelands. Journal of Range Management 56 (2): 114-126.
  • Bestelmeyer, B.T., Herrick, J.E., Brown, J.R., Trujillo, D.A., Havstad, K.M. 2004. Land management in the American Southwest: a state-and-transition approach to ecosystem complexity. Environmental Management 34(1): 38-51.
  • Bestelmeyer, B.T., Tugel, A.J., Peacock, G.L., Robinett, D.G., Shaver, P.L., Brown, J.R., Havstad, K.M., 2009. State-and-transition models for heterogeneous landscapes: a strategy for development and application. Rangeland Ecology and Management 62(1): 1-15.
  • Bidwell, T.G., Woods, B., 2012. Management Strategies for Rangeland and Introduced Pastures, O.C.E. Service, Editor Year of access, Oklahoma State University.
  • Brown, R.B. 1994. State and transition models for rangelands. Ecology as a basis for rangeland management: performance criteria for testing models. Tropical Grasslands 28: 206-213.
  • Chase, J.M., Leibold, M.A., 2003. Ecological Niches: Linking Classical and Contemporary Approaches, University of Chicago Press.
  • District, 1998. Management, Resource management plan/environmental impact statement for the Medicine Bow and Divide resource areas, Rawlins District, Wyoming, draft, The District.
  • Farina, A., 2007. Principles and Methods in Landscape Ecology: Towards a Science of the Landscape, Springer.
  • Heady, H.F., Child, R.D., 1999. Rangeland Ecology and Management, Basic Books.
  • Holmes, A.L., Miller, R.F., 2010. State-and-transition models for assessing grasshopper sparrow habitat use. Journal of Wildlife Management 74(8): 1834–1840.
  • Hutchinson, G.E., 1957. Concluding Remarks, in Cold Spring Harbour Symposia on Quantitative Biology pp. 415-427.
  • Johanson, J.K., 2011. An Evaluation of State-and-Transition Model Development fo Ecological Sites in Northern Utah. Paper 920.
  • Knapp, P.A. 1992. Secondary plant succession and vegetation recovery in two western Great Basin Desert ghost towns. Biological Conservation 60(2): 81-89.
  • Koch, J.R., Schaldach, C., Kölking, 2009. Modelling the impact of rangeland management strategies on (semi-)natural vegetation in Jordan, in 18th World IMACS / MODSIM Congress, Cairns, Australia.
  • Kumar, A., 2004. A Textbook of Environmental Science, APH Publishing Corporation.
  • Laycock, W.A., 1991. Stable States and Thresholds of Range Condition on North American Rangelands: A Viewpoint. Journal of Range Management 44(5): 427-433.
  • Liptzin, D., UoCaB, 2007. Ecology, and E. Biology, Soil Nutrients and Biogeochemical Cycling in the Forest-alpine Tundra Ecotone, University of Colorado at Boulder.
  • Melvin, R.G., Maximo, F.A., 2006. Oak Woodland Vegetation Dynamics: A State and Transition Approach.
  • Milton, S.J., Hoffman, M.T., 1994. The application of state‐and‐transition models to rangeland research and management in arid succulent and semi‐arid grassy Karoo, South Africa. African Journal of Range and Forage Science 11(1): 18-26.
  • Nagelkerken, I., 2009. Ecological Connectivity among Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, Springer.
  • Project, 2006. Historical range of variation and state and transition modeling of historic and current landscape conditions for potential natural vegetation types of the southwest. p. 189.
  • Sprinz, D.F., Galina, E.C., 1999. The Analysis of Environmental Thresholds, in Caspian Sea: A Quest for Environmental Security.
  • Stringham, T.K., Krueger, W.C., Shaver, P.L., 2003. State and transition modeling: An ecological process approach. Journal of Range Management 56: 106 -113.
  • Townsend, C.R., Begon, M., Harper, J.L., 2009. Essentials of Ecology, Wiley.
  • Trodd, N.M., Dougill, A.J., 1998. Monitoring vegetation dynamics in semi-arid African rangelands, Use and limitations of Earth observation data to characterize vegetation structure. Applied Geography 18(4): 315–330.
  • Ward, J.W., Wiens, J.A., 2001. Ecotone of riverine ecosystems: Role and typology, spatio-temporal dynamics, and river regulation. Ecohydrology and Hydrobiology 1(1-2): 25-36.
  • Westoby, M., Walker, B., Noy-Meir, I., 1989. Opportunistic management for rangelandnot at equilibrium. Journal of Range Management 42(4): 266–274.
  • Yates, C.J., Hobbs, R.J. 1997. Woodland restoration in the Western Australian wheatbelt: A conceptual framework using a state and transition model. Restoration Ecology. 5(1): p. 28-35.
  • Yellowstone, G., 2012. Ecological Thresholds. Greater Yellowstone (Science Learning Center); Available from: http://www.greateryellowstonescience.org/topics/sciencemanagement/tools/thresholds.

İran'ın orta kurak bölgelerinde eyalet ve geçiş modelini kullanarak mera yönetim uygulamalarının değerlendirilmesi

Year 2017, Volume: 67 Issue: 1, 85 - 92, 01.01.2017

Seyyed Abdolhossein Arami Gholamali Heshmati

https://doi.org/10.17099/jffiu.37625

Abstract

The assessment of management practices on rangelands exploitation using state and transition model in central arid regions of Iran

Abstract: Rangeland management in arid and semi-arid regions requires comprehensive attention to ecological processes and consider the interrelationship of those processes. Considering discard the theory of climax and rangeland succession model in recent years especially in arid regions and shrub lands, the new theory known as the state and transition model is taken into consideration by natural sciences and environmental specialistsb in the world. In present study, state and transition model and its application in rangeland management will be discussed and wil be peresented a case study of Iran for more description. As a case study, Nir rangelands of Yazd province will be introduced. In this rangeland, both status of enclose and grazing livestock evaluated and grazing livestock has been introduced as threshold of these two conditions. Rangelands of arid regions are biologically fragile and in the case of little degradation, a long time will be needed for compensation. The definition of different situations, thresholds, transitions and indicators will help managers to follow change trend among different plant communities and establish an ideal community. But due to very slow and very small changes in arid regions rangelands, use of models in these areas is not possible.

Keywords: Model, state and transition, Nir of Yazd, threshold, arid region.

İran'ın orta kurak bölgelerinde eyalet ve geçiş modelini kullanarak mera yönetim uygulamalarının değerlendirilmesi

Özet: Kurak ve yarı kurak bölgelerde mera yönetimi ekolojik süreçlere kapsamlı bir dikkat ve bu süreçlerin birbirleriyle olan ilişkisini göz önünde tutmayı gerektirir. Özellikle kurak bölgelerde, klimaks ve mera süksesyon modelinin terkedilmeye başlanması ile beraber, devlet ve geçiş modeli olarak bilinen yeni bir teori son yıllarda doğa bilimleri ile uğraşan uzmanlar tarafından uygulanmaya başlamıştır. Bu çalışmada, devlet ve geçiş modelini konu alan mera yönetimi uygulaması ele alınacak ve daha fazla açıklama için İran'ın Yazd eyaletinde bulunan Nir meralarında yapılan bir örnek çalışma sunulacaktır. Kurak bölgelerde yer alan meralar biyolojik olarak hassas ve kırılgandırlar, dolayısıyla bozulmaları durumunda, toparlanmaları için uzun bir süre gerekli olacaktır. Meralarda oluşacak geçişler ve değişimler yardımıyla yöneticiler farklı bitki toplulukları arasında değişim trendini takip ederek ideal bir bitki toplumu kurabilmektedirler. Ancak kurak mıntıkalardaki değişimin yavaşlığı buralarda model kullanmayı oldukça sekteye uğratmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Model, devlet ve geçiş modeli, Yezd-Nir, eşik, kurak bölge.

Received (Geliş): 25.02.2016 - Revised (Düzeltme): 08.04.2016 -   Accepted (Kabul): 13.04.2016

Cite (Atıf): Arami, S.A., Heshmati, G., 2017. The assessment of management practices on rangelands exploitation using state and transition model in central arid regions of Iran. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University 67(1): 85-92. DOI: 10.17099/jffiu.37625

References

  • Ash, A.J., Bellamy, J.A., Stockwell, T.G.H., 1994. State and transition model for rangelands. Application of state and transitioin models to rangelands in northern Australia. Tropical Grasslands 28: 223-228.
  • Bagchi, S., Briske, D.D., Wu, X.B., McClaran, M.P., Bestelmeyer, B.T., Fernández-Giménez, M.E., 2012. Empirical assessment of state-and-transition models with a long-term vegetation record from the Sonoran Desert. Ecological Applications 22(2): 400-411.
  • Baghestani Maybodi, N., Zare, M.T., Abdollahi, J., 2007. Effects of 2-decade livestock exclusion on vegetation changes in steppic rangelands of Yazd province. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research 13(4): 337-346 (In Persian).
  • Bestelmeyer, B.T., Brown, J.R., Havstad, K.M., Alexander, R., Chavez, G., Herrick, J.E., 2003. Development and use of state-and-transition models for rangelands. Journal of Range Management 56 (2): 114-126.
  • Bestelmeyer, B.T., Herrick, J.E., Brown, J.R., Trujillo, D.A., Havstad, K.M. 2004. Land management in the American Southwest: a state-and-transition approach to ecosystem complexity. Environmental Management 34(1): 38-51.
  • Bestelmeyer, B.T., Tugel, A.J., Peacock, G.L., Robinett, D.G., Shaver, P.L., Brown, J.R., Havstad, K.M., 2009. State-and-transition models for heterogeneous landscapes: a strategy for development and application. Rangeland Ecology and Management 62(1): 1-15.
  • Bidwell, T.G., Woods, B., 2012. Management Strategies for Rangeland and Introduced Pastures, O.C.E. Service, Editor Year of access, Oklahoma State University.
  • Brown, R.B. 1994. State and transition models for rangelands. Ecology as a basis for rangeland management: performance criteria for testing models. Tropical Grasslands 28: 206-213.
  • Chase, J.M., Leibold, M.A., 2003. Ecological Niches: Linking Classical and Contemporary Approaches, University of Chicago Press.
  • District, 1998. Management, Resource management plan/environmental impact statement for the Medicine Bow and Divide resource areas, Rawlins District, Wyoming, draft, The District.
  • Farina, A., 2007. Principles and Methods in Landscape Ecology: Towards a Science of the Landscape, Springer.
  • Heady, H.F., Child, R.D., 1999. Rangeland Ecology and Management, Basic Books.
  • Holmes, A.L., Miller, R.F., 2010. State-and-transition models for assessing grasshopper sparrow habitat use. Journal of Wildlife Management 74(8): 1834–1840.
  • Hutchinson, G.E., 1957. Concluding Remarks, in Cold Spring Harbour Symposia on Quantitative Biology pp. 415-427.
  • Johanson, J.K., 2011. An Evaluation of State-and-Transition Model Development fo Ecological Sites in Northern Utah. Paper 920.
  • Knapp, P.A. 1992. Secondary plant succession and vegetation recovery in two western Great Basin Desert ghost towns. Biological Conservation 60(2): 81-89.
  • Koch, J.R., Schaldach, C., Kölking, 2009. Modelling the impact of rangeland management strategies on (semi-)natural vegetation in Jordan, in 18th World IMACS / MODSIM Congress, Cairns, Australia.
  • Kumar, A., 2004. A Textbook of Environmental Science, APH Publishing Corporation.
  • Laycock, W.A., 1991. Stable States and Thresholds of Range Condition on North American Rangelands: A Viewpoint. Journal of Range Management 44(5): 427-433.
  • Liptzin, D., UoCaB, 2007. Ecology, and E. Biology, Soil Nutrients and Biogeochemical Cycling in the Forest-alpine Tundra Ecotone, University of Colorado at Boulder.
  • Melvin, R.G., Maximo, F.A., 2006. Oak Woodland Vegetation Dynamics: A State and Transition Approach.
  • Milton, S.J., Hoffman, M.T., 1994. The application of state‐and‐transition models to rangeland research and management in arid succulent and semi‐arid grassy Karoo, South Africa. African Journal of Range and Forage Science 11(1): 18-26.
  • Nagelkerken, I., 2009. Ecological Connectivity among Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, Springer.
  • Project, 2006. Historical range of variation and state and transition modeling of historic and current landscape conditions for potential natural vegetation types of the southwest. p. 189.
  • Sprinz, D.F., Galina, E.C., 1999. The Analysis of Environmental Thresholds, in Caspian Sea: A Quest for Environmental Security.
  • Stringham, T.K., Krueger, W.C., Shaver, P.L., 2003. State and transition modeling: An ecological process approach. Journal of Range Management 56: 106 -113.
  • Townsend, C.R., Begon, M., Harper, J.L., 2009. Essentials of Ecology, Wiley.
  • Trodd, N.M., Dougill, A.J., 1998. Monitoring vegetation dynamics in semi-arid African rangelands, Use and limitations of Earth observation data to characterize vegetation structure. Applied Geography 18(4): 315–330.
  • Ward, J.W., Wiens, J.A., 2001. Ecotone of riverine ecosystems: Role and typology, spatio-temporal dynamics, and river regulation. Ecohydrology and Hydrobiology 1(1-2): 25-36.
  • Westoby, M., Walker, B., Noy-Meir, I., 1989. Opportunistic management for rangelandnot at equilibrium. Journal of Range Management 42(4): 266–274.
  • Yates, C.J., Hobbs, R.J. 1997. Woodland restoration in the Western Australian wheatbelt: A conceptual framework using a state and transition model. Restoration Ecology. 5(1): p. 28-35.
  • Yellowstone, G., 2012. Ecological Thresholds. Greater Yellowstone (Science Learning Center); Available from: http://www.greateryellowstonescience.org/topics/sciencemanagement/tools/thresholds.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Short Note (Kısa Not)
Authors

Seyyed Abdolhossein Arami

Gholamali Heshmati This is me

Publication Date January 1, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 67 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Arami, S. A., & Heshmati, G. (2017). The assessment of management practices on rangelands exploitation using state and transition model in central arid regions of Iran. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University, 67(1), 85-92. https://doi.org/10.17099/jffiu.37625
AMA Arami SA, Heshmati G. The assessment of management practices on rangelands exploitation using state and transition model in central arid regions of Iran. J FAC FOR ISTANBUL U. January 2017;67(1):85-92. doi:10.17099/jffiu.37625
Chicago Arami, Seyyed Abdolhossein, and Gholamali Heshmati. “The Assessment of Management Practices on Rangelands Exploitation Using State and Transition Model in Central Arid Regions of Iran”. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University 67, no. 1 (January 2017): 85-92. https://doi.org/10.17099/jffiu.37625.
EndNote Arami SA, Heshmati G (January 1, 2017) The assessment of management practices on rangelands exploitation using state and transition model in central arid regions of Iran. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University 67 1 85–92.
IEEE S. A. Arami and G. Heshmati, “The assessment of management practices on rangelands exploitation using state and transition model in central arid regions of Iran”, J FAC FOR ISTANBUL U, vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 85–92, 2017, doi: 10.17099/jffiu.37625.
ISNAD Arami, Seyyed Abdolhossein - Heshmati, Gholamali. “The Assessment of Management Practices on Rangelands Exploitation Using State and Transition Model in Central Arid Regions of Iran”. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University 67/1 (January 2017), 85-92. https://doi.org/10.17099/jffiu.37625.
JAMA Arami SA, Heshmati G. The assessment of management practices on rangelands exploitation using state and transition model in central arid regions of Iran. J FAC FOR ISTANBUL U. 2017;67:85–92.
MLA Arami, Seyyed Abdolhossein and Gholamali Heshmati. “The Assessment of Management Practices on Rangelands Exploitation Using State and Transition Model in Central Arid Regions of Iran”. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University, vol. 67, no. 1, 2017, pp. 85-92, doi:10.17099/jffiu.37625.
Vancouver Arami SA, Heshmati G. The assessment of management practices on rangelands exploitation using state and transition model in central arid regions of Iran. J FAC FOR ISTANBUL U. 2017;67(1):85-92.
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