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Effect of heat treatment on the dimensional stability of ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) wood

Year 2018, Volume: 68 Issue: 1, 42 - 52, 01.01.2018

Halil İbrahim Şahin Cengiz Güler

Abstract

The effect of heat treatment on the dimensional stability of ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) wood

Abstract: In this study, effect of heat treatment on dimensional stability of ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) woods that naturally grown in Turkey, was investigated. Heat treatment process was applied to ash wood samples at different temperatures (120, 160, 190 and 210 °C) and times (3, 6 and 9 h) in water vapor atmosphere. Water absorption (WA), water repellent effectiveness (WRE), anti-swell effectiveness (ASE, TS 4084) and ATR-FTIR were performed on the test samples. Generally, while the WA decreased with the raise of treatment temperature and times, mean of the WRE and ASE increased. It was determined that the decreases in the absorbance value of the peak belong to the -OH stretching vibration depending on the heat treatment temperature increases. Especially, ASE increased to over 40% with a rapid increase after the three hours application at 190 °C. The highest dimensional stability (58.4%) of ash wood was detected in the highest heat treatment temperature and times (210 °C and 9 h). As a result, it was showed that value and product quality of solid products produced from ash wood with the heat treatment can be improved without use of toxic chemicals.

Received (Geliş): 13.05.2016 - Revised (Düzeltme): 06.06.2016 -   Accepted (Kabul): 10.06.2016

Keywords

Ash wood Dimensional stability ATR-FTIR Water absorption water repellent effectiveness

References

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  • Aydemir, D., Gunduz, G., Altuntaş, E., Ertas, M., Şahin, H.T., Alma, M.H., 2011. Investigating changes in the chemical consitutents and dimensional stability of heat-treated hornbeam and uludag fir wood. BioResources 6(2): 1308-1321.
  • Bekhta, P., Niemz, P., 2003. Effect of high temperature on the change in color, dimensional stability and mechanical properties of spruce wood. Holzforschung 57(5): 539-546, doi: 10.1515/HF.2003.080.
  • Boonstra, M., 2008. A two-stage thermal modification of wood. Ph.D. Thesis, Soil and Forest management, Henry Poincaré University, Nancy-France.
  • Cademartori, P.H.G., Missio, A.L., Mattos, B.D., Schneid, E., Gatto, D.A., 2014. Physical and mechanical properties and colour changes of fast-growing Gympie messmate wood subjected to two-step steam-heat treatments. Wood Material Science and Engineering 9(1): 40-48, doi: 10.1080/17480272.2013.853692.
  • Calonego, F.W., Severo, E.T.D., Ballarin, A.W., 2012. Physical and mechanical properties of thermally modified wood from E. grandis. Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 70(4): 453- 460, doi: 10.1007/s00107-011-0568-5.
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  • Esteves, B., Velez Marques, A., Domingos, I., Pereira, H., 2007. Influence of steam heating on the properties of pine (Pinus pinaster) and eucalypt (Eucalyptus globulus) wood. Wood Science Technology 41(3): 193-207, doi: 10.1007/s00226-006-0099-0.
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  • Kapucu, F., Yavuz, H., Gül A.U., 1999. Dişbudak meşcerelerinde hacım, bonitet endeks ve normal hâsılat tablosunun düzenlenmesi. KTÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Araştırma Fonu Başkanlığı, Sonuç Raporu, Proje no: 96.113.001.4, Trabzon.
  • Kasemsiri, P., Hiziroglu, S., Rimdusit, S., 2012. Characterization of heat treated Eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana L.). Journal of Materials Processing Technology 212(6): 1324-1330, doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2011.12.019.
  • Kocaefe, D., Younsi, R., Poncsak, S., Kocaefe, Y., 2007. Comparison of different models for the high-temperature heat-treatment of wood. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 46(7): 707-716, doi:10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2006.09.001.
  • Kocaefe, D., Shi, J. L., Yang, D. Q., Bouzara, M. 2008. Mechanical properties, dimensional stability, and mold resistance of heat-treated jack pine and aspen. Forest Products Journal 58(6): 88-93.
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  • Metsä-Kortelainen, S., Anitikainen, T., Viitaniemi, P., 2006. The water absorption of sapwood and heartwood of Scots pines and Norway spruce heat-treated at 170 °C, 190 °C, 210 °C and 230 °C. Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 64(3): 192-197, doi: 10.1007/s00107-005-0063-y.
  • Miklecic, J., Jirous-Rajkovic, V., Antonović, A., Spanic, N., 2011. Discolouration of thermally modified wood during simulated indoor sunlight exposure. BioResources 6(1): 434-446.
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  • Shi, J., Kocaefe, D., Zhang, J., 2007. Mechanical behaviour of Quebec wood species heat treated using thermowood process. Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff 65(4): 255-259, doi: 10.1007/s00107-007-0173-9.
  • Sinković, T., Govorčin, S., Sedlar, T., 2011. Comparison of physical properties of untreated and heat treated beech and hornbeam. Drvna industrija 62(4): 283-290, doi: 10.5552/drind.2011.1118.
  • Surini, T., Charrier, F., Malvestio, J., Charrier, B., Moubarik, A., Castéra, P., Grelier, S., 2012. Physical properties and termite durability of Maritime pine Pinus pinaster Ait., heat-treated under vacuum pressure. Wood Science and Technology 46: 487-501, doi: 10.1007/s00226-011-0421-3.
  • Srinivas, K., Pandey, K.K., 2012. Effect of heat treatment on color changes, dimensional stability, and mechanical properties of wood. Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology 32(4): 304-316, doi: 10.1080/02773813.2012.674170.
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Dişbudak (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) odununun boyutsal stabilizasyonu üzerine ısıl işlemin etkisi

Year 2018, Volume: 68 Issue: 1, 42 - 52, 01.01.2018

Halil İbrahim Şahin Cengiz Güler

Abstract

Dişbudak (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) odununun boyutsal stabilizasyonu üzerine ısıl işlemin etkisi

Özet: Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de doğal olarak yetişen dişbudak (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) odununun boyutsal stabilizasyonu üzerine ısıl işlemin etkisi araştırılmıştır. Dişbudak örneklerine su buharı ortamında, farklı sıcaklık (120, 160, 190 ve 210 °C) ve sürelerde (3, 6 ve 9 saat) ısıl işlem uygulanmıştır. Deney örnekleri üzerinde, su alma oranı (SAO), su itici etkinlik (SİE), genişlemeyi önleyici etkinlik (GET) ve ATR-FTIR analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Genel olarak ısıl işlem sıcaklık ve süresinin artışı ile SAO’larında azalmalar meydana gelir iken, SİE ve GET değerlerinde artışlar tespit edilmiştir. Isıl işlem sıcaklığının artışına bağlı olarak, -OH gerilme titreşimine ait piklerin absorbans değerlerinde azalmalar tespit edilmiştir. Özellikle 190 °C’de 3 saatlik uygulamada GET değerleri hızlı bir artış ile %40’ın üzerine çıkmıştır. Dişbudak odununun en yüksek boyutsal stabilite değerleri (%58.4), en yüksek ısıl işlem sıcaklık ve süresinde (210 °C ve 9 saat) elde edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, ısıl işlem uygulaması ile dişbudaktan üretilen masif odun ürünlerinin kalite ve değerlerinin zehirleyici kimyasallar kullanılmadan artırılabileceği görülmüştür.

Received (Geliş): 13.05.2016 - Revised (Düzeltme): 06.06.2016 -   Accepted (Kabul): 10.06.2016


Keywords

Dişbudak odunu (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) boyutsal stabilizasyon ATR-FTIR su alma oranı su itici etkinlik

References

  • Anonim, 2003. Adapazarı meteoroloji istasyonu iklim verileri. Meteoroloji İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü Arşivi, Ankara.
  • Akkılıç, H., Kaymakcı, A., Ünsal, Ö., 2014. Isıl işlem uygulanmış ahşap malzemenin dış cephe kaplaması olarak değerlendirilme potansiyeli. 7. Ulusal Çatı & Cephe Sempozyumu, 3-4 Nisan 2014, Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi Beşiktaş, İstanbul, pp. 239-248.
  • As, N., Dündar, T., Büyüksarı, Ü., 2016. Classification of wood species grown in Turkey according to some physico-mechanic properties. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University 66(2): 727-735, doi: 10.17099/jffiu.93670.
  • Aydemir, D., Gunduz, G., Altuntaş, E., Ertas, M., Şahin, H.T., Alma, M.H., 2011. Investigating changes in the chemical consitutents and dimensional stability of heat-treated hornbeam and uludag fir wood. BioResources 6(2): 1308-1321.
  • Bekhta, P., Niemz, P., 2003. Effect of high temperature on the change in color, dimensional stability and mechanical properties of spruce wood. Holzforschung 57(5): 539-546, doi: 10.1515/HF.2003.080.
  • Boonstra, M., 2008. A two-stage thermal modification of wood. Ph.D. Thesis, Soil and Forest management, Henry Poincaré University, Nancy-France.
  • Cademartori, P.H.G., Missio, A.L., Mattos, B.D., Schneid, E., Gatto, D.A., 2014. Physical and mechanical properties and colour changes of fast-growing Gympie messmate wood subjected to two-step steam-heat treatments. Wood Material Science and Engineering 9(1): 40-48, doi: 10.1080/17480272.2013.853692.
  • Calonego, F.W., Severo, E.T.D., Ballarin, A.W., 2012. Physical and mechanical properties of thermally modified wood from E. grandis. Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 70(4): 453- 460, doi: 10.1007/s00107-011-0568-5.
  • Cao, Y., Lu, J., Huang R., 2012. Increased dimensional stability of Chinese fir through steam-heat treatment. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 70: 441-444, doi: 10.1007/s00107-011-0570-y.
  • Çiçek, E., Yılmaz, M., 2002. The importance of Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. oxycarpa as a fast growing tree for Turkey. In Proceedings, IUFRO Meeting, Management of Fast Growing Plantations, 11-13 September 2002, İzmit, Turkey, pp. 192-200.
  • Dündar, T., Büyüksarı, Ü., Avcı, E., Akkılıç, H., 2012. Effect of heat treament on the physical and mechanical properties of compression and opposite wood of Black Pine. BioResources 7(4): 5009-5018.
  • Edvardsen, K., Sandland, K.M., 1999.Increased drying temprature its influence on the dimensional stabilty of wood. Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff 57: 207-209, doi: 10.1007/s001070050042.
  • Esteves, B., Velez Marques, A., Domingos, I., Pereira, H., 2007. Influence of steam heating on the properties of pine (Pinus pinaster) and eucalypt (Eucalyptus globulus) wood. Wood Science Technology 41(3): 193-207, doi: 10.1007/s00226-006-0099-0.
  • Esteves, B., Pereira, H., 2009. Wood modification by heat treatment: A review. BioResources 4(1): 370-404.
  • Findlay, W.P.K., 1985. Preservation of timber in the tropics. Martinus Nijhoof /Dr W. Junk Publishers, ISBN 90-247-3112-7, Dordrecht, Netherlands.
  • Ghalehno, M.D., Nazerian, M., 2011. Changes in the physical and mechanical properties of Iranian hornbeam wood (Carpinus betulus) with heat treatment. European Journal of Scientific Research 51(4): 490-498.
  • Gündüz, G., Aydemir, D., 2008. The effect of heat treatment on water absorption and dimensional stability of Anatolian chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) wood. Paper prepared for the 39th Annual Meeting, IRG/WP 08-40407, 25-29 May 2008, Istanbul, Turkey.
  • Hakkou, M., Petrissans, M., El Bakali, I., Gerardin, P., Zoulalian, A., 2005. Wettability changes and mass loss during heat treatment of wood. Holzforschung 59: 35–37, doi: 10.1515/HF.2005.006.
  • Homan, W., Tjeerdsma, B., Beckers, E., Joressen, A., 2000. Structural and other properties of modified wood. Congress WCTE, Whistler, Canada.
  • Jamsa, S., Viitaniemi, P., 2001. Heat treatment of wood-better durability without chemicals. In: Proceedings of special seminar held in Antibes, France.
  • Kamdem, D.P., Pizzi, A., Jermannaud, A. 2002 Durability of heat-treated wood. Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 60(1): 1-6, doi: 10.1007/s00107-001-0261-1.
  • Kantay, R., Ünligil, H.H., Kartal, N., 1995. Doğu kayınının dayanıklılığına buharlamanın etkisi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi Seri A 45(2): 43-50.
  • Kapucu, F., Yavuz, H., Gül A.U., 1999. Dişbudak meşcerelerinde hacım, bonitet endeks ve normal hâsılat tablosunun düzenlenmesi. KTÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Araştırma Fonu Başkanlığı, Sonuç Raporu, Proje no: 96.113.001.4, Trabzon.
  • Kasemsiri, P., Hiziroglu, S., Rimdusit, S., 2012. Characterization of heat treated Eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana L.). Journal of Materials Processing Technology 212(6): 1324-1330, doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2011.12.019.
  • Kocaefe, D., Younsi, R., Poncsak, S., Kocaefe, Y., 2007. Comparison of different models for the high-temperature heat-treatment of wood. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 46(7): 707-716, doi:10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2006.09.001.
  • Kocaefe, D., Shi, J. L., Yang, D. Q., Bouzara, M. 2008. Mechanical properties, dimensional stability, and mold resistance of heat-treated jack pine and aspen. Forest Products Journal 58(6): 88-93.
  • Korkut, D.S., Korkut, S., Bekar, I., Budakçı, M., Dilik, T., Çakıcıer, N., 2008. The effects of heat treatment on the physical properties and surface roughness of Turkish hazel (Corylus colurna L.) wood. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 9(9): 1772-1783, doi: 10.3390/ijms9091772.
  • Korkut, S., Sevim Korkut, D., Kocaefe, D., Elustondo, D., Bajraktari, A., Cakicier, N., 2012. Effect of thermal modification on the properties of narrow-leaved ash and chestnut. Industrial Crops and Products 35(1): 287-294, doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.07.016.
  • Li, J., 2002. Wood Science (in Chinese). Chine High Education Press, Beijing.
  • Metsä-Kortelainen, S., Anitikainen, T., Viitaniemi, P., 2006. The water absorption of sapwood and heartwood of Scots pines and Norway spruce heat-treated at 170 °C, 190 °C, 210 °C and 230 °C. Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 64(3): 192-197, doi: 10.1007/s00107-005-0063-y.
  • Miklecic, J., Jirous-Rajkovic, V., Antonović, A., Spanic, N., 2011. Discolouration of thermally modified wood during simulated indoor sunlight exposure. BioResources 6(1): 434-446.
  • Poncsak, S., Kocaefe, D., Bouazara, M., Pichette, A., 2006. Effect of high temperature treatment on the mechanical properties of birch (Betula papyrifera). Wood Science and Technology 40: 647-663, doi: 10.1007/s00226-006-0082-9.
  • Priadi, T., Hızıroğlu, S., 2013. Characterization of heat treated wood species. Materials and Design 49: 575-582, doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2012.12.067.
  • Repellin, V., Guyonnet, R., 2005. Evaluation of heat-treated wood swelling by differential scanning calorimetry in relation to chemical composition. Holzforschung 59(1): 28-34, doi: 10.1515/HF.2004.131.
  • Rowell, R.M., Ibach, R.E., McSweeny, J., Nilsson, T., 2009. Understanding decay resistance, dimensional stability and strength changes in heat treated and acetylated wood. Proceedings of 4th European Conference on Wood Modification, Stockholm, pp. 489-502.
  • Shi, J., Kocaefe, D., Zhang, J., 2007. Mechanical behaviour of Quebec wood species heat treated using thermowood process. Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff 65(4): 255-259, doi: 10.1007/s00107-007-0173-9.
  • Sinković, T., Govorčin, S., Sedlar, T., 2011. Comparison of physical properties of untreated and heat treated beech and hornbeam. Drvna industrija 62(4): 283-290, doi: 10.5552/drind.2011.1118.
  • Surini, T., Charrier, F., Malvestio, J., Charrier, B., Moubarik, A., Castéra, P., Grelier, S., 2012. Physical properties and termite durability of Maritime pine Pinus pinaster Ait., heat-treated under vacuum pressure. Wood Science and Technology 46: 487-501, doi: 10.1007/s00226-011-0421-3.
  • Srinivas, K., Pandey, K.K., 2012. Effect of heat treatment on color changes, dimensional stability, and mechanical properties of wood. Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology 32(4): 304-316, doi: 10.1080/02773813.2012.674170.
  • Şahin, H.İ., 2013. Isıl işlemin doğal ve plantasyon ormanlarında yetişen dişbudak (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) odunlarının bazı teknolojik özelliklerine etkisi. Doktora Tezi, Düzce Üniversitesi, Düzce.
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  • Tomak, E.D., Viitanen, H., Yıldız, Ü.C., Hughes, M., 2011. The combined effects of boron and oil heat treatment on the properties of beech and Scots pine wood. Part 2: Water absorption, compression strength, color changes, and decay resistance. Journal of Material Science 46(3): 608-615, doi: 10.1007/s10853-010-4860-2.
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There are 54 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Articles (Araştırma Makalesi)
Authors

Halil İbrahim Şahin

Cengiz Güler

Publication Date January 1, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 68 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Şahin, H. İ., & Güler, C. (2018). Effect of heat treatment on the dimensional stability of ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) wood. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University, 68(1), 42-52.
AMA Şahin Hİ, Güler C. Effect of heat treatment on the dimensional stability of ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) wood. J FAC FOR ISTANBUL U. January 2018;68(1):42-52.
Chicago Şahin, Halil İbrahim, and Cengiz Güler. “Effect of Heat Treatment on the Dimensional Stability of Ash (Fraxinus Angustifolia Vahl.) Wood”. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University 68, no. 1 (January 2018): 42-52.
EndNote Şahin Hİ, Güler C (January 1, 2018) Effect of heat treatment on the dimensional stability of ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) wood. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University 68 1 42–52.
IEEE H. İ. Şahin and C. Güler, “Effect of heat treatment on the dimensional stability of ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) wood”, J FAC FOR ISTANBUL U, vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 42–52, 2018.
ISNAD Şahin, Halil İbrahim - Güler, Cengiz. “Effect of Heat Treatment on the Dimensional Stability of Ash (Fraxinus Angustifolia Vahl.) Wood”. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University 68/1 (January 2018), 42-52.
JAMA Şahin Hİ, Güler C. Effect of heat treatment on the dimensional stability of ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) wood. J FAC FOR ISTANBUL U. 2018;68:42–52.
MLA Şahin, Halil İbrahim and Cengiz Güler. “Effect of Heat Treatment on the Dimensional Stability of Ash (Fraxinus Angustifolia Vahl.) Wood”. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University, vol. 68, no. 1, 2018, pp. 42-52.
Vancouver Şahin Hİ, Güler C. Effect of heat treatment on the dimensional stability of ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) wood. J FAC FOR ISTANBUL U. 2018;68(1):42-5.
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