BEYİN YAŞLANMASINDA MOLEKÜLER MEKANİZMALAR

Abstract

Amaç: Bu derlemede beyinde yaşlanmayla birlikte oluşan moleküler değişimlerin anlatılması amaçlanmıştır. Beyin yaşlanmasının moleküler mekanizmaları; oksidatif stres, mitokondriyal disfonksiyon, endoplazmik retikulum stres, otofaji, inflamasyon, lizozom ve proteazom işlevinin bozulması, bozulmuş DNA onarımı başlıkları altında toplanmış ve bu konulara odaklanılmıştır. Sonuç ve Tartışma: Yaşlanma, muhtemelen organizmalardaki hasar birikiminden ve/veya bakım ve onarım mekanizmalarındaki düşüşten kaynaklanan çok faktörlü bir süreçtir. Yaşlanmayla birlikte beyinde de yapısal ve fonksiyonel birçok değişim meydana gelmektedir. Bu değişiklikler nörodejeneratif bozukluklarla birlikte Alzheimer, Parkinson gibi hastalıklara yatkınlık oluşturmaktadır. Beyin yaşlandığında öğrenme, karar verme, hafıza gibi yeteneklerinde azalmalar görülmektedir. Beyin yaşlanmasına bağlı hastalıklara ve fonksiyonel bozukluklara karşı terapötik veya koruyucu yaklaşımlar geliştirmek için beyin yaşlanmasının moleküler düzeydeki mekanizmalarının aydınlatılmasına ihtiyaç vardır.

Keywords

• beyin
• nörodejenerasyon
• yaşlanma

MOLECULAR MECHANISMS IN BRAIN AGING

Abstract

Objective: In this review, it is aimed to explain the molecular changes that occur with aging in the brain. The molecular mechanisms of brain aging are grouped under the headings of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, inflammation, disruption of lysosome and proteasome function, and impaired DNA repair and focused on these issues. Result and Discussion: Aging is a multifactorial process, possibly resulting from accumulation of damage in organisms and/or decline in maintenance and repair mechanisms. With aging, many structural and functional changes occur in the brain. These changes create a predisposition to diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's along with neurodegenerative disorders. As the brain ages, its abilities such as learning, decision making and memory decrease. In order to develop therapeutic or protective approaches against brain aging-related diseases and functional disorders, there is a need to elucidate the molecular-level mechanisms of brain aging.

Keywords

• Aging
• Brain
• neurodegeneration

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