COMPARATIVE LEAF ANATOMY OF SOME ASYNEUMA GRISEB. & SCHENK TAXA

Year 2023, , 1011 - 1019, 20.09.2023

Şeyda Yayla , Muhammed Mesud Hürkul

https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.1344300

Abstract

Objective: The Asyneuma Griseb. & Schenk is represented by 34 accepted species worldwide and its native range covers a wide area from East Central Europe to Japan and Northern Indo-china. The plants of Asyneuma are characterized by herbaceous, simple or branched inflorescences, purple, violet or blue corolla and capsule fruits. Studies show that the Campanulaceae family contains bioactive compounds phenylethanoid (phenylproponoid), alkaloids, cyanogenetic heteroside, flavonoid, triterpene, anthocyanin, phenolic acid, essential oil, coumarin and polysaccharide. In addition, it is known that plants in the family have antioxidant, wound healing, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiobesity, expectorant antihepatotoxic, antitumoral, antiatherosclerotic, neuroprotective, antidepressant, tonic and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. In this study, the anatomical structures of Asyneuma limonifolium subsp. limonifolium, A. limonifolium subsp. pestalozzae (Boiss.) Damboldt, A. linifolium subsp. linifolium and A. linifolium subsp. nallihanicum Kit Tan & Yıldız leaves were examined.
Material and Method: Asyneuma limonifolium subsp. limonifolium, A. limonifolium subsp. pestalozzae (Boiss.) Damboldt, A. linifolium subsp. nallihanicum Kit Tan & Yıldız were collected from Ankara. A. linifolium subsp. linifolium was collected from Antalya. Plant parts preserved in alcohol (70%). Microscopic sections were taken using a razor blade. Tissues were stained with Sartur's reagent and examined with a light microscope. Microphotographs were taken with a camera attached to a light microscope.
Result and Discussion: The results showed that, the anatomical structures of the basal and cauline leaves of Asyneuma limonifolium subsp. limonifolium and A. limonifolium subsp. pestalozzae were similar. The leaves are bifacial and the palisade parenchyma 1-2 rows. In addition, the unicellular, non-glandular hairs and anomocytic stomata were observed on both epidermal surfaces. Besides, the leaf of A. linifolium subsp. linifolium is monofacial while that of A. linifolium subsp. nallihanicum is bifacial. Also, unicellular hairs were present on epidermal layer of A. linifolium subsp. linifolium while A. linifolium subsp. nallihanicum were not. The anomocytic stomata were determined on the upper and lower leaf surfaces of both subspecies.

Keywords

Asyneuma, Campanulaceae, medicinal plants, pharmaceutical botany, plant anatomy

BAZI ASYNEUMA GRISEB. & SCHENK TAKSONLARININ KARŞILAŞTIRMALI YAPRAK ANATOMİSİ

Abstract

Amaç: Asyneuma Griseb. & Schenk, dünya çapında kabul görmüş 34 türle temsil edilmektedir ve doğal yayılışı Doğu Orta Avrupa'dan Japonya ve Kuzey Çin-hindi'ye kadar geniş bir alanı kapsamaktadır. Asyneuma bitkileri, otsu, basit veya dallı çiçekler mor, menekşe veya mavi renkli ve kapsül meyveler ile karakterize edilir. Campanulaceae familyasının feniletanoid (fenilproponoid), alkaloidler, siyanogenetik heterosit, flavonoit, triterpen, antosiyanin, fenolik asitler, uçucu yağ, kumarin ve polisakkarit gibi biyoaktif bileşikler içerdiğini göstermektedir. Ayrıca familya bitkilerinin antioksidan, yara iyileştirici, antienflamatuar, analjezik, antiobezite, balgam söktürücü, antihepatotoksik, antitümöral, antiaterosklerotik, nöroprotektif, antidepresan, tonik ve α-glukosidaz inhibitör aktiviteleri olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada Asyneuma limonifolium subsp. limonifolium, A. limonifolium subsp. pestalozzae (Boiss.) Damboldt, A. linifolium subsp. linifolium ve A. linifolium subsp. nallihanicum Kit Tan & Yıldız yapraklarının anatomik yapıları incelenmiştir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Asyneuma limonifolium subsp. limonifolium, A. limonifolium subsp. pestalozzae (Boiss.) Damboldt, A. linifolium subsp. nallihanicum Kit Tan & Yıldız Ankara'dan toplanmıştır. A. linifolium subsp. linifolium Antalya'dan toplanmıştır. Bitki kısımları alkolde (%70) korunmuştur. Jilet kullanılarak mikroskobik kesitler alınmıştır. Dokular Sartur reaktifi ile boyanmıştır ve ışık mikroskobunda incelenmiştir. Işık mikroskobuna bağlı bir kamera ile mikrofotoğrafları çekilmiştir.
Sonuç ve Tartışma: Sonuçlar, Asyneuma limonifolium subsp. limonifolium ve A. limonifolium subsp. pestalozzae taban ve gövde yapraklarının benzer olduğunu göstermiştir. Yapraklar bifasiyal ve palizat parenkiması 1-2 sıralıdır. Ayrıca, tek hücreli örtü tüyleri ve anomostik stomalar her iki epidermal yüzeyde de gözlenmiştir. Bunun yanında, A. linifolium subsp. linifolium’un yaprağı monofasiyal, A. linifolium subsp. nallihanicum’un ise bifasiyaldir. Ek olarak, A. linifolium subsp. linifolium'un epidermal tabakasında tek hücreli tüyler bulunurken, A. linifolium subsp. nallihanicum’da ise yoktur. Anomostik stomalar, her iki alt türün yaprak üst ve alt yüzeylerinde tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

Asyneuma, bitki anatomisi, Campanulaceae, farmasötik botanik, tıbbi bitkiler

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