WHAT DO PEOPLE PREFER TO SUPPORT DIABETES TREATMENT IN TURKIYE? A STUDY ON OLIVE LEAF AND DIABETES

Year 2024, , 436 - 455, 20.05.2024

Methiye Mancak , Ufuk Koca Çalışkan

https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.1378992

Abstract

Objective: A questionnaire study was conducted to evaluate the applications of plants and herbal products consumed by diabetic patients for the treatment of chronic health conditions. Evaluation of the questionnaire confirmed that olive leaf is one of the most used herbs in the treatment of diabetes, in line with its traditional use in the literature. In vitro biological activity studies were performed to determine whether different olive leaf samples have antidiabetic effects. Additionally, the major component oleuropein was quantitively determined in the samples.
Material and Method: The established survey was firstly approved by the ethics committee at Gazi University then the survey was conducted at the University Hospital, Department of Endocrinology between January 2021, and July 2021. Based on the result of the survey, pharmacognostic analyses, chromatographic analyses, and inhibition on diabetes-related enzymes (α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and aldose reductase) were performed on the samples of olive leaves collected from nature, obtained from herbalists, markets and pharmacies.
Result and Discussion: Evaluation of the survey revealed that the patients mostly used cinnamon (29.3%) and olive leaves (21.7%) for the treatment of diabetes, and these plants were generally obtained from herbalists (51.7%). The study findings showed that aqueous and ethanolic extracts prepared from olive leaf samples contained 190.3-374.3 mg/g oleuropein. The amount of oleuropein in the ready-made olive leaf extract from herbalists was found to be much lower (50.9 mg/g) than the other olive leaf extracts. When the enzyme inhibition activity assays were evaluated, it was determined that all olive leaf samples had inhibitory effects on α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and aldose reductase enzymes. All olive leaf samples, including teas prepared by the public at home with water, were found to have capacity to decrease the blood level in other words antidiabetic activities in vitro. The oleuropein contents detected in this study once again revealed the importance of meticulous examination in herbal products.

Keywords

Aldose reductase, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, high pressure liquid chromatography, Olea europea

Ethical Statement

Gazi University Ethics Committee (E-77082166-604.01.02-35354)

Supporting Institution

Gazi University Scientific Research Projects Unit

Project Number

TEU-2022-7381

Thanks

This study was carried out as a 'specialist thesis' in the Department of Pharmacognosy. We thank Gazi University Scientific Research Projects Unit for supporting this thesis. (TEU-2022-7381)

TÜRKİYE'DE DİYABET TEDAVİSİNE DESTEK OLMAK İÇİN İNSANLAR NE TERCİH EDİYOR? ZEYTİN YAPRAĞI VE DİYABET ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Abstract

Amaç: Diyabet hastalarının tükettikleri bitki ve bitkisel ürünlerin kronik sağlık durumlarının tedavisine yönelik uygulamalarının değerlendirilmesi amacıyla bir anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Anket sonuçları, literatürdeki geleneksel kullanımına paralel olarak zeytin yaprağının diyabet tedavisinde en çok kullanılan bitkilerden biri olduğunu doğrulamıştır. Farklı zeytin yaprağı örneklerinin antidiyabetik etkisinin olup olmadığının belirlenmesi amacıyla in vitro biyolojik aktivite çalışmaları yapılmış ve ana bileşen oleuropein kantitatif olarak belirlenmiştir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Anket için öncelikle Gazi Üniversitesi Etik kurulu tarafından onay alınmış, Ocak 2021-Temmuz 2021 tarihleri arasında Gazi Üniversitesi Endokrinoloji Bölümü'nde uygulanmıştır. Çalışmaya 18 yaş üstü Tip 1 ve Tip 2 diyabetli 200 hasta dahil edilmiştir. Anket sonuçlarından yola çıkarak, doğadan toplanan, aktarlardan, marketlerden ve eczanelerden temin edilen zeytin yaprağı örnekleri üzerinde farmakognozik analizler (makroskopik ve mikroskobik analiz, toplam kül, kuruma kaybı), kromatografik analizler (ince tabaka kromatografisi ve yüksek basınçlı sıvı kromatografisi analizleri) ve diyabetle ilişkili enzimlerin (α-amilaz, α-glukosidaz ve aldoz redüktaz) inhibisyonu çalışmaları yapılmıştır.
Sonuç ve Tartışma: Anketin değerlendirilmesinde hastaların diyabet tedavisi için en çok tarçın (%29.3) ve zeytin yaprağını (%21.7) kullandığı ve bu bitkilerin genellikle aktarlardan (%51.7) temin edildiği görülmüştür. Çalışma bulguları, zeytin yaprağı örneklerinden hazırlanan sulu ve etanol ekstraktlarının 190.3-374.3 mg/g oleuropein içerdiğini göstermiştir. Aktarlardan alınan hazır zeytin yaprağı ekstraktındaki oleuropein miktarı diğer zeytin yaprağı ekstraktlarına göre çok daha düşük (50.9 mg/g) bulunmuştur. Enzim inhibisyon aktivite testleri değerlendirildiğinde, tüm zeytin yaprağı örneklerinin α-amilaz, α-glukosidaz ve aldoz redüktaz enzimleri üzerinde inhibitör etkiye sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Halk tarafından evde su ile hazırlanan çaylar da dahil olmak üzere tüm zeytin yaprağı örneklerinin in vitro kan seviyesini düşürme yani antidiyabetik aktiviteye sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada tespit edilen oleuropein içerikleri bitkisel ürünlerde titiz incelemenin önemini bir kez daha ortaya koymuştur.

Keywords

Aldoz redüktaz, α-amilaz, α-glukozidaz, Olea europea, yüksek performanslı sıvı kromatografisi

Project Number

TEU-2022-7381

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