EVALUATION OF EDUCATIONAL NEEDS OF DIABETIC PATIENTS
Year 2022,
Volume: 46 Issue: 2, 364 - 375, 29.05.2022
Nilay Aksoy
,
Nur Öztürk
,
Serel Ulusoy
,
Rashida Muhammad Umar
,
Sena Ozaydın
Abstract
Objective: Our study aimed to assess the role of pre-graduate pharmacy students’ participation in a diabetic education program on improving diabetic self-care.
Material and Method: This study included both a cross-sectional and a longitudinal follow-up. Altinbas University fifth-year pharmacy students gathered relevant information from diabetic patients that visited community pharmacies, under the supervision of their instructor pharmacist. The participants filled out the diabetic self-care scale on their first visit before they were given the education. Patients refilled the same self-care questionnaire after three months. Statistical package for the social science (SPSS) 26 was used for all statistical analysis.
Result and Discussion: The study comprised 86 diabetic patients. The second questionnaire results showed significant improvement in all patients. The total diabetic self-care scale scores were improved remarkably after the training session. HbA1c and BMI values decreased significantly. An educational program can improve diabetic self-care and diabetic outcomes. Active participation of final year pharmacy students in patient care can also improve pharmacists' participation and contribution to patient care delivery.
Supporting Institution
No
References
- [1] American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2013 Jan;36 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S67-74. [CrossRef]
- [2] Lamb MM, Miller M, Seifert JA, Frederiksen B, Kroehl M, Rewers M, Norris JM. The effect of childhood cow's milk intake and HLA-DR genotype on risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes: the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young. Pediatr Diabetes. 2015 Feb;16(1):31-8. [CrossRef]
- [3] Knip M, Akerblom HK. Environmental factors in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 1999;107 Suppl 3:S93-100. [CrossRef]
- [4] Rewers M, Ludvigsson J. Environmental risk factors for type 1 diabetes. Lancet. 2016 Jun 4;387(10035):2340-2348. [CrossRef]
- [5] Sørensen IM, Joner G, Jenum PA, Eskild A, Stene LC. Serum long chain n-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) in the pregnant mother are independent of risk of type 1 diabetes in the offspring. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2012 Jul;28(5):431-8. [CrossRef]
- [6] Wen L, Ley RE, Volchkov PY, Stranges PB, Avanesyan L, Stonebraker AC, Hu C, Wong FS, Szot GL, Bluestone JA, Gordon JI, Chervonsky AV. Innate immunity and intestinal microbiota in the development of Type 1 diabetes. Nature. 2008 Oct 23;455(7216):1109-13.[CrossRef]
- [7] Yoon JW, Austin M, Onodera T, Notkins AL. Isolation of a virus from the pancreas of a child with diabetic ketoacidosis. N Engl J Med. 1979 May 24;300(21):1173-9. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197905243002102. PMID: 219345. [CrossRef]
- [8] American Diabetes Association. 2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2018. Diabetes Care. 2018 Jan;41(Suppl 1):S13-S27. doi: 10,2337/dc18-S002. PMID: 29.222.373. [CrossRef]
- [9] Kühl C. Etiology and pathogenesis of gestational diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1998 Aug;21 Suppl 2:B19-26. PMID: 9704223. [CrossRef]
- [10] Teh WT, Teede HJ, Paul E, Harrison CL, Wallace EM, Allan C. Risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus: implications for the application of screening guidelines. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2011 Feb;51(1):26-30. [CrossRef]
- [11] Cooper HC, Booth K, Gill G. Patients' perspectives on diabetes health care education. Health Educ Res. 2003 Apr;18(2):191-206. [CrossRef]
- [12] Paterson B, Thorne S. Developmental evolution of expertise in diabetes self-management. Clin Nurs Res. 2000 Nov;9(4):402-19. [CrossRef]
- [13] Shrivastava SR, Shrivastava PS, Ramasamy J. Role of self-care in management of diabetesmellitus. J DiabetesMetabDisord. 2013;12:14. [CrossRef]
- [14] Journal of ExperimentalandClinicalMedicine » Makale » Diyabet tedavisinde hasta eğitimi [Internet]. [cited 2022 Feb 13]. [CrossRef]
- [15] Chrvala CA, Sherr D, Lipman RD. Diabetes self-management education for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review of the effect on glycemic control. Patient Educ Couns. 2016 Jun;99(6):926-43. [CrossRef]
- [16] Lee NP, Fisher WP Jr. Evaluation of the Diabetes Self-Care Scale. J Appl Meas. 2005;6(4):366-81. [CrossRef]
- [17] Karakurt P, Kasikci M. Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Diabetes Self-Care Scale. Int J Diabetes DevCtries [Internet]. 2015 Sep [cited 2022;35(S2):148–56. [CrossRef]
- [18] Chali SW, Salih MH, Abate AT. Self-care practice and associated factors among Diabetes Mellitus patients on follow up in BenishangulGumuz Regional State Public Hospitals, Western Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Res Notes [Internet]. 2018 Dec [cited 2022;11(1):833. [CrossRef]
- [19] Nagelkerk J, Reick K, Meengs L. Perceived barriers and effective strategies to diabetes self-management. J Adv Nurs. 2006 Apr;54(2):151-8. [CrossRef]
- [20] Moradi-Lakeh M, El Bcheraoui C, Afshin A, Daoud F, AlMazroa MA, Al Saeedi M, Basulaiman M, Memish ZA, Al Rabeeah AA, Mokdad AH. Diet in Saudi Arabia: findings from a nationally representative survey. Public Health Nutr. 2017 Apr;20(6):1075-1081. [CrossRef]
- [21] Robling M, McNamara R, Bennert K, Butler CC, Channon S, Cohen D, et al. Theeffect of theTalkingDiabetesconsultingskillsintervention on glycaemiccontrolandquality of life in childrenwithtype 1 diabetes: clusterrandomisedcontrolledtrial (DEPICTED study). BMJ [Internet]. 2012 Apr 26 [cited 2022;344(apr26 2):e2359–e2359. [CrossRef]
- [22] Asa C, Maria S, Katharina SS, Bert A. Aquatic exercise is effective in improving exercise performance in patients with heart failure and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:349209. [CrossRef]
- [23] Cugusi L, Cadeddu C, Nocco S, Orrù F, Bandino S, Deidda M, Caria A, Bassareo PP, Piras A, Cabras S, Mercuro G. Effects of an aquatic-based exercise program to improve cardiometabolic profile, quality of life, and physical activity levels in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus. PM R. 2015 Feb;7(2):141-8; quiz 148. [CrossRef]
- [24] Yi WM, Van Wieren Jones EM, Hansen BK, Vora J. The Impact of Self-Monitoring Blood Glucose Adherence On Glycemic Goal Attainment in an Indigent Population, With Pharmacy Assistance. P T. 2019 Sep;44(9):554-559. [CrossRef]
- [25] Erku DA, Ayele AA, Mekuria AB, Belachew SA, Hailemeskel B, Tegegn HG. The impact of pharmacist-led medication therapy management on medication adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled study. Pharm Pract (Granada). 2017 Jul-Sep;15(3):1026. [CrossRef]
- [26] Hacia una clasificaciónEtiopatogénica del llamadopie ... [Internet]. [cited 2022Feb13]. [CrossRef]
- [27] Lavery JV, Singer PA, Ridzon R, Singh JA, Slutsky AS, Anisko JJ, Buchanan D. In global health research, is it legitimate to stop clinical trials early on account of their opportunity costs? PLoS Med. 2009 Jun 9;6(6):e1000071. [CrossRef]
- [28] ERGÜN, S., & SİVRİKAYA, S. K. (2012). TİP 1 DİYABETLİ ÇOCUKLARIN EVDE BAKIM UYGULAMALARI VE YÖNETİMİ. Balıkesir Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(2), 90-95. [CrossRef]
- [29] Ersoy M, Selcuk Duru HN, Elevli M, Ersoy O, Civilibal M. Aortic Intima-Media Thickness and Mean Platelet Volume in Children With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Iran J Pediatr. 2015 Apr;25(2):e368. [CrossRef]
- [30] Mueller N, Stengel, Kloos, Ristow, Wolf, Müller U a. Improvement of HbA1c andstableweightloss 2 yearsafter an outpatienttreatmentandteaching program forpatientswithtype 2 diabeteswithoutinsulintherapybased on urineglucose self-monitoring. IJGM [Internet]. 2012 Mar [cited 2022;241. [CrossRef]
- [31] Najafipour F, Mobasseri M, Yavari A, Nadrian H, Aliasgarzadeh A, Mashinchi Abbasi N, Niafar M, Houshyar Gharamaleki J, Sadra V. Effect of regular exercise training on changes in HbA1c, BMI and VO2max among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: an 8-year trial. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2017 Nov 8;5(1):e000414. [CrossRef]
- [32] Duke S-AS, Colagiuri S, Colagiuri R. Individual patient education for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Jan 21;(1):CD005268. [CrossRef]
- [33] Cunningham AT, Crittendon DR, White N, Mills GD, Diaz V, LaNoue MD. The effect of diabetes self-management education on HbA1c and quality of life in African-Americans: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Health Serv Res. 2018 May 16;18(1):367. [CrossRef]
DİYABETİK HASTALARIN EĞİTİM İHTİYAÇLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Year 2022,
Volume: 46 Issue: 2, 364 - 375, 29.05.2022
Nilay Aksoy
,
Nur Öztürk
,
Serel Ulusoy
,
Rashida Muhammad Umar
,
Sena Ozaydın
Abstract
Amaç: Çalışmamız, son sınıf eczacılık öğrencilerinin diyabetik bir eğitim programına katılımlarının diyabetik öz bakımın iyileştirilmesindeki rolünü değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma hem kesitsel hem de boylamsal bir takip içermektedir. Altınbaş Üniversitesi eczacılık beşinci sınıf öğrencileri, serbest eczaneleri ziyaret eden diyabet hastalarının gerekli bilgilerini sorumlu eczacılarının gözetiminde topladı. Katılımcılar diyabetik öz bakım ölçeğini doldurduktan sonra kendilerine eğitim verildi. Hastalar aynı öz bakım anketini üç ay sonra tekrar doldurdu. Tüm istatistiksel analizler için sosyal bilimler için istatistiksel paket (SPSS) 26 kullanıldı.
Sonuç ve Tartışma: Çalışmaya 86 diyabetik hasta dahil edildi. İkinci anket sonuçları tüm hastalarda anlamlı iyileşme gösterdi. Toplam diyabetik öz bakım ölçeği puanları, eğitim seansından sonra önemli ölçüde iyileşti. HbA1c ve BMI değerlerinde anlamlı azalma oldu. Bir eğitim programı diyabetik öz bakımı ve diyabetik sonuçları iyileştirebilir. Eczacılık son sınıf öğrencilerinin hasta bakımına aktif katılımı, eczacıların hasta bakımı sunumuna katılımını ve katkısını da artırabilir.
References
- [1] American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2013 Jan;36 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S67-74. [CrossRef]
- [2] Lamb MM, Miller M, Seifert JA, Frederiksen B, Kroehl M, Rewers M, Norris JM. The effect of childhood cow's milk intake and HLA-DR genotype on risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes: the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young. Pediatr Diabetes. 2015 Feb;16(1):31-8. [CrossRef]
- [3] Knip M, Akerblom HK. Environmental factors in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 1999;107 Suppl 3:S93-100. [CrossRef]
- [4] Rewers M, Ludvigsson J. Environmental risk factors for type 1 diabetes. Lancet. 2016 Jun 4;387(10035):2340-2348. [CrossRef]
- [5] Sørensen IM, Joner G, Jenum PA, Eskild A, Stene LC. Serum long chain n-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) in the pregnant mother are independent of risk of type 1 diabetes in the offspring. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2012 Jul;28(5):431-8. [CrossRef]
- [6] Wen L, Ley RE, Volchkov PY, Stranges PB, Avanesyan L, Stonebraker AC, Hu C, Wong FS, Szot GL, Bluestone JA, Gordon JI, Chervonsky AV. Innate immunity and intestinal microbiota in the development of Type 1 diabetes. Nature. 2008 Oct 23;455(7216):1109-13.[CrossRef]
- [7] Yoon JW, Austin M, Onodera T, Notkins AL. Isolation of a virus from the pancreas of a child with diabetic ketoacidosis. N Engl J Med. 1979 May 24;300(21):1173-9. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197905243002102. PMID: 219345. [CrossRef]
- [8] American Diabetes Association. 2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2018. Diabetes Care. 2018 Jan;41(Suppl 1):S13-S27. doi: 10,2337/dc18-S002. PMID: 29.222.373. [CrossRef]
- [9] Kühl C. Etiology and pathogenesis of gestational diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1998 Aug;21 Suppl 2:B19-26. PMID: 9704223. [CrossRef]
- [10] Teh WT, Teede HJ, Paul E, Harrison CL, Wallace EM, Allan C. Risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus: implications for the application of screening guidelines. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2011 Feb;51(1):26-30. [CrossRef]
- [11] Cooper HC, Booth K, Gill G. Patients' perspectives on diabetes health care education. Health Educ Res. 2003 Apr;18(2):191-206. [CrossRef]
- [12] Paterson B, Thorne S. Developmental evolution of expertise in diabetes self-management. Clin Nurs Res. 2000 Nov;9(4):402-19. [CrossRef]
- [13] Shrivastava SR, Shrivastava PS, Ramasamy J. Role of self-care in management of diabetesmellitus. J DiabetesMetabDisord. 2013;12:14. [CrossRef]
- [14] Journal of ExperimentalandClinicalMedicine » Makale » Diyabet tedavisinde hasta eğitimi [Internet]. [cited 2022 Feb 13]. [CrossRef]
- [15] Chrvala CA, Sherr D, Lipman RD. Diabetes self-management education for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review of the effect on glycemic control. Patient Educ Couns. 2016 Jun;99(6):926-43. [CrossRef]
- [16] Lee NP, Fisher WP Jr. Evaluation of the Diabetes Self-Care Scale. J Appl Meas. 2005;6(4):366-81. [CrossRef]
- [17] Karakurt P, Kasikci M. Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Diabetes Self-Care Scale. Int J Diabetes DevCtries [Internet]. 2015 Sep [cited 2022;35(S2):148–56. [CrossRef]
- [18] Chali SW, Salih MH, Abate AT. Self-care practice and associated factors among Diabetes Mellitus patients on follow up in BenishangulGumuz Regional State Public Hospitals, Western Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Res Notes [Internet]. 2018 Dec [cited 2022;11(1):833. [CrossRef]
- [19] Nagelkerk J, Reick K, Meengs L. Perceived barriers and effective strategies to diabetes self-management. J Adv Nurs. 2006 Apr;54(2):151-8. [CrossRef]
- [20] Moradi-Lakeh M, El Bcheraoui C, Afshin A, Daoud F, AlMazroa MA, Al Saeedi M, Basulaiman M, Memish ZA, Al Rabeeah AA, Mokdad AH. Diet in Saudi Arabia: findings from a nationally representative survey. Public Health Nutr. 2017 Apr;20(6):1075-1081. [CrossRef]
- [21] Robling M, McNamara R, Bennert K, Butler CC, Channon S, Cohen D, et al. Theeffect of theTalkingDiabetesconsultingskillsintervention on glycaemiccontrolandquality of life in childrenwithtype 1 diabetes: clusterrandomisedcontrolledtrial (DEPICTED study). BMJ [Internet]. 2012 Apr 26 [cited 2022;344(apr26 2):e2359–e2359. [CrossRef]
- [22] Asa C, Maria S, Katharina SS, Bert A. Aquatic exercise is effective in improving exercise performance in patients with heart failure and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:349209. [CrossRef]
- [23] Cugusi L, Cadeddu C, Nocco S, Orrù F, Bandino S, Deidda M, Caria A, Bassareo PP, Piras A, Cabras S, Mercuro G. Effects of an aquatic-based exercise program to improve cardiometabolic profile, quality of life, and physical activity levels in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus. PM R. 2015 Feb;7(2):141-8; quiz 148. [CrossRef]
- [24] Yi WM, Van Wieren Jones EM, Hansen BK, Vora J. The Impact of Self-Monitoring Blood Glucose Adherence On Glycemic Goal Attainment in an Indigent Population, With Pharmacy Assistance. P T. 2019 Sep;44(9):554-559. [CrossRef]
- [25] Erku DA, Ayele AA, Mekuria AB, Belachew SA, Hailemeskel B, Tegegn HG. The impact of pharmacist-led medication therapy management on medication adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled study. Pharm Pract (Granada). 2017 Jul-Sep;15(3):1026. [CrossRef]
- [26] Hacia una clasificaciónEtiopatogénica del llamadopie ... [Internet]. [cited 2022Feb13]. [CrossRef]
- [27] Lavery JV, Singer PA, Ridzon R, Singh JA, Slutsky AS, Anisko JJ, Buchanan D. In global health research, is it legitimate to stop clinical trials early on account of their opportunity costs? PLoS Med. 2009 Jun 9;6(6):e1000071. [CrossRef]
- [28] ERGÜN, S., & SİVRİKAYA, S. K. (2012). TİP 1 DİYABETLİ ÇOCUKLARIN EVDE BAKIM UYGULAMALARI VE YÖNETİMİ. Balıkesir Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(2), 90-95. [CrossRef]
- [29] Ersoy M, Selcuk Duru HN, Elevli M, Ersoy O, Civilibal M. Aortic Intima-Media Thickness and Mean Platelet Volume in Children With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Iran J Pediatr. 2015 Apr;25(2):e368. [CrossRef]
- [30] Mueller N, Stengel, Kloos, Ristow, Wolf, Müller U a. Improvement of HbA1c andstableweightloss 2 yearsafter an outpatienttreatmentandteaching program forpatientswithtype 2 diabeteswithoutinsulintherapybased on urineglucose self-monitoring. IJGM [Internet]. 2012 Mar [cited 2022;241. [CrossRef]
- [31] Najafipour F, Mobasseri M, Yavari A, Nadrian H, Aliasgarzadeh A, Mashinchi Abbasi N, Niafar M, Houshyar Gharamaleki J, Sadra V. Effect of regular exercise training on changes in HbA1c, BMI and VO2max among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: an 8-year trial. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2017 Nov 8;5(1):e000414. [CrossRef]
- [32] Duke S-AS, Colagiuri S, Colagiuri R. Individual patient education for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Jan 21;(1):CD005268. [CrossRef]
- [33] Cunningham AT, Crittendon DR, White N, Mills GD, Diaz V, LaNoue MD. The effect of diabetes self-management education on HbA1c and quality of life in African-Americans: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Health Serv Res. 2018 May 16;18(1):367. [CrossRef]