DETERMINATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF HIPPOPHAE RHAMNOIDES L. GROWING IN TURKEY AND INVESTIGATION OF ITS EFFECTS ON THE LIVER TOXICITY IN RATS

Metin Çapa; Yücel Kadıoğlu; Elif Çadırcı; Mevlüt Albayrak

doi:10.33483/jfpau.1404302

Research Article

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TÜRKİYE’DE YETİŞEN HİPPOPHAE RHAMNOİDES L. BİTKİSİNİN ANTİOKSİDAN AKTİVİTESİNİN BELİRLENMESİ VE SIÇANLARDA KARACİĞER TOKSİSİTESİ ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI

Year 2024, Volume: 48 Issue: 3, 791 - 802, 10.09.2024

Metin Çapa , Yücel Kadıoğlu , Elif Çadırcı , Mevlüt Albayrak

https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.1404302

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı Hippophae rhamnoides L. meyve ekstraktlarının antioksidan özelliklerini araştırmak ve sıçanlarda oluşturulan karaciğer toksisitesi üzerindeki etkilerini belirlemektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Ekstraktların antioksidan aktivite analizinde metal iyonu kelatlama, indirgeme kuvveti ve DPPH radikal tutuklama yöntemleri kullanıldı. Toplam fenolik bileşik miktarları folin-ciocalteu ayıracı ile tespit edildi. Bitki ekstraktları 2 gün süre ile 500 µg/kg doz olacak şekilde ratlara oral olarak verildi. Her bir hayvan grubu ortalama ağırlığı 250 g olan altı adet dişi Albino Wistar sıçanlardan oluşturuldu. Sıçanların karaciğerlerinde herhangi bir patolojik değişiklik olup olmadığını gözlemlemek için mikroskobik inceleme yapıldı.
Sonuç ve Tartışma: Su ekstraktı, 1 mg/ml derişimde en yüksek radikal giderme aktivitesini (%48.65), indirgeme gücünü (700 nm'de 0.291 absorbans) ve metal iyonu kelatlamayı (%35.40) gösterdi. Histopatolojik çalışmalar özellikle su ekstraktının CCl4 kaynaklı intoksikasyonun şiddetini azalttığını göstermiştir.

Keywords

Antioxidan aktivite, DPPH, Hippophae rhamnoides L., indirgeme kuvveti, rat karaciğer toksisitesi

References

1. Baytop, A. (1996). Farmasötik Botanik Ders Kitabı, İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul, p.180-181.
2. Namiki, M. (1990). Antioxidants/antimutagens in food. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 29(4), 273-300. [CrossRef]
3. Rösch, D., Bergmann, M., Knorr, D., Kroh, L.W. (2003). Structure-antioxidant efficiency relationships of phenolic compounds and their contribution to the antioxidant activity of sea buckthorn juice. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51(15), 4233-4239. [CrossRef]
4. Jiang, Q., Christen, S., Shigenaga, M.K., Ames, B.N. (2001). γ-Tocopherol, the major form of vitamin E in the US diet, deserves more attention. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 74(6), 714-722. [CrossRef]
5. Nogala-Kałucka, M., Dwiecki, K., Siger, A., Górnaś, P., Polewski, K., Ciosek, S. (2013). Antioxidant synergism and antagonism between tocotrienols, quercetin and rutin in model system. Acta Alimentaria, 42(3), 360-370. [CrossRef]
6. Kaur, G., Alam, M.S., Jabbar, Z., Javed, K., Athar, M. (2006). Evaluation of antioxidant activity of Cassia siamea flowers. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 108(3), 340-348. [CrossRef]
7. Guyton, K., Kensler, T. (1993). Oxidative mechanisms in carcinogenesis. British Medical Bulletin, 49(3), 523-544. [CrossRef]
8. Duh, P.D., Yen, G.C. (1997). Antioxidative activity of three herbal water extracts. Food Chemistry, 60(4), 639-645. [CrossRef]
9. Duthie, G., Wahle, K., James, W. (1989). Oxidants, antioxidants and cardiovascular disease. Nutrition Research Reviews, 2(1), 51-62. [CrossRef]
10. Lee, S.K., Mbwambo, Z., Chung, H., Luyengi, L., Gamez, E., Mehta, R., Kinghorn, A., Pezzuto, J. (1998). Evaluation of the antioxidant potential of natural products. Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening, 1(1), 35-46. [CrossRef]
11. Robinson, E.E., Maxwell, S.R., Thorpe, G.H. (1997). An investigation of the antioxidant activity of black tea using enhanced chemiluminescence. Free Radical Research, 26(3), 291-302. [CrossRef]
12. Madhavi, D., Salunkhe, D., (1996). Toxicological Aspects of Food Antioxidants, In: D. Madhavi, D. Salunkhe and S. Deshpande (Eds.), Food Antioxidants, (pp. 281-374). CRC Press: Boca Raton.
13. Halliwell, B., Aeschbach, R., Löliger, J., Aruoma, O. (1995). The characterization of antioxidants. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 33(7), 601-617. [CrossRef]
14. Lagouri, V., Boskou, D. (1996). Nutrient antioxidants in oregano. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 47(6), 493-497. [CrossRef]
15. Keys, S.A., Boley, E., Zimmerman, W.F. (1997). A model membrane system to investigate antioxidants in bovine rod outer segments. Experimental Eye Research, 64(3), 313-321. [CrossRef]
16. Halliwell, B. (1996). Antioxidants in human health and disease. Annual Review of Nutrition, 16(1), 33-50. [CrossRef]
17. Abdel-Moneim, A.M., Al-Kahtani, M.A., El-Kersh, M.A., Al-Omair, M.A. (2015). Free radical-scavenging, anti-inflammatory/anti-fibrotic and hepatoprotective actions of taurine and silymarin against CCl4 induced rat liver damage. Plos One, 10(12), e0144509. [CrossRef]
18. Dahlke, M.H., Popp, F.C., Bahlmann, F.H., Aselmann, H., Jäger, M.D., Neipp, M., Piso, P., Klempnauer, J., Schlitt, H.J. (2003). Liver regeneration in a retrorsine/CCl4–induced acute liver failure model: Do bone marrow-derived cells contribute? Journal of Hepatology, 39(3), 365-373. [CrossRef]
19. Ting, H.C., Hsu, Y.W., Tsai, C.F., Lu, F.J., Chou, M.C., Chen, W.K. (2011). The in vitro and in vivo antioxidant properties of seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) seed oil. Food Chemistry, 125(2), 652-659. [CrossRef]
20. Singleton, V.L., Orthofer, R., Lamuela-Raventós, R.M., (1999). Analysis of Total Phenols and Other Oxidation Substrates and Antioxidants by Means of Folin-Ciocalteu Reagent, In: L. Packer (Ed.) Methods in Enzymology, (pp. 152-178). Academic Press: Cambridge.
21. Shimada, K., Fujikawa, K., Yahara, K., Nakamura, T. (1992). Antioxidative properties of xanthan on the autoxidation of soybean oil in cyclodextrin emulsion. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 40(6), 945-948. [CrossRef]
22. Oyaizu, M. (1986). Studies on products of browning reaction antioxidative activities of products of browning reaction prepared from glucosamine. The Japanese Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics, 44(6), 307-315. [CrossRef]
23. Dinis, T.C., Madeira, V.M., Almeida, L.M. (1994). Action of phenolic derivatives (acetaminophen, salicylate, and 5-aminosalicylate) as inhibitors of membrane lipid peroxidation and as peroxyl radical scavengers. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 315(1), 161-169. [CrossRef]
24. Maheshwari, D., Kumar, M.Y., Verma, S.K., Singh, V.K., Singh, S.N. (2011). Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of phenolic rich fraction of Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) leaves. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 49(9), 2422-2428. [CrossRef]
25. Robbins, R.J. (2003). Phenolic acids in foods: An overview of analytical methodology. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51(10), 2866-2887. [CrossRef]
26. Maga, J.A., Katz, I. (1978). Simple phenol and phenolic compounds in food flavor. Critical Reviews in Food Science & Nutrition, 10(4), 323-372. [CrossRef]
27. Shui, G., Leong, L.P. (2002). Separation and determination of organic acids and phenolic compounds in fruit juices and drinks by high-performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A, 977(1), 89-96. [CrossRef]
28. Yen, G.C., Duh, P.D., Tsai, C.L. (1993). Relationship between antioxidant activity and maturity of peanut hulls. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 41(1), 67-70. [CrossRef]
29. Varshneya, C., Kant, V., Mehta, M. (2012). Total phenolic contents and free radical scavenging activities of different extracts of seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) pomace without seeds. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 63(2), 153-159. [CrossRef]
30. Taviano, M.F., Marino, A., Trovato, A., Bellinghieri, V., La Barbera, T.M., Güvenç, A., Hürkul, M.M., Pasquale, R.D., Miceli, N. (2011). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of branches extracts of five Juniperus species from Turkey. Pharmaceutical Biology, 49(10), 1014-1022. [CrossRef]
31. Chen, C.W., Ho, C.T. (1995). Antioxidant properties of polyphenols extracted from green and black teas. Journal of Food Lipids, 2(1), 35-46. [CrossRef]
32. Rapisarda, P., Tomaino, A., Lo Cascio, R., Bonina, F., De Pasquale, A., Saija, A. (1999). Antioxidant effectiveness as influenced by phenolic content of fresh orange juices. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 47(11), 4718-4723. [CrossRef]
33. Shivapriya, S., Ilango, K., Dubey, G. (2015). Evaluation of antioxidant and neuroprotective effect of Hippophae rhamnoides (L.) on oxidative stress induced cytotoxicity in human neural cell line IMR32. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 22(5), 645-650. [CrossRef]
34. Saeidi, K., Alirezalu, A., Akbari, Z. (2016). Evaluation of chemical constitute, fatty acids and antioxidant activity of the fruit and seed of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) grown wild in Iran. Natural Product Research, 30(3), 366-368. [CrossRef]
35. Dorman, H., Peltoketo, A., Hiltunen, R., Tikkanen, M. (2003). Characterisation of the antioxidant properties of de-odourised aqueous extracts from selected Lamiaceae herbs. Food Chemistry, 83(2), 255-262. [CrossRef]
36. Yıldırım, A., Mavi, A., Oktay, M., Kara, A.A., Algur, Ö.F., Bilaloǧlu, V. (2000). Comparison of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Tilia (Tilia argentea Desf ex DC), sage (Salvia triloba L.), and Black tea (Camellia sinensis) extracts. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 48(10), 5030-5034. [CrossRef]
37. Gordon, M., (1990). The Mechanism of Antioxidant Action In Vitro, In: B.J.F. Hudson (Ed.) Food Antioxidants, (pp. 1-18). Springer: London.
38. Hsu, C.L., Chen, W., Weng, Y.M., Tseng, C.Y. (2003). Chemical composition, physical properties, and antioxidant activities of yam flours as affected by different drying methods. Food Chemistry, 83(1), 85-92. [CrossRef]
39. Kris-Etherton, P.M., Hecker, K.D., Bonanome, A., Coval, S.M., Binkoski, A.E., Hilpert, K.F., Griel, A.E., Etherton, T.D. (2002). Bioactive compounds in foods: Their role in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer. The American Journal of Medicine, 113(9), 71-88. [CrossRef]
40. Halliwell, B., (1991). The Biological Toxicity of Free Radicals and Other Reactive Oxygen Species, In: I. Aruoma and B. Halliwell (Eds.), Free Radical and Food Additives, (pp. 37-57). Taylor&Francis Ltd: London.
41. Yamaguchi, F., Ariga, T., Yoshimura, Y., Nakazawa, H. (2000). Antioxidative and anti-glycation activity of garcinol from Garcinia indica fruit rind. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 48(2), 180-185. [CrossRef]
42. Jayabalan, R., Subathradevi, P., Marimuthu, S., Sathishkumar, M., Swaminathan, K. (2008). Changes in free-radical scavenging ability of kombucha tea during fermentation. Food Chemistry, 109(1), 227-234. [CrossRef]

DETERMINATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF HIPPOPHAE RHAMNOIDES L. GROWING IN TURKEY AND INVESTIGATION OF ITS EFFECTS ON THE LIVER TOXICITY IN RATS

Year 2024, Volume: 48 Issue: 3, 791 - 802, 10.09.2024

Metin Çapa , Yücel Kadıoğlu , Elif Çadırcı , Mevlüt Albayrak

https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.1404302

Abstract

Objective: The goal of the present work was to investigate the antioxidant properties of the extracts of Hippophae rhamnoides L. and to determine their effects on liver toxicity in rats.
Material and Method: Metal chelation, reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging methods were used in the antioxidant activity analysis of extracts. The total phenolic content was determined using the folin-ciocalteu reagent. Plant extracts were administered orally to the rats at doses of 500 µg/kg for 2 days. Each animal group was composed of six female Albino Wistar rats with an average weight of 250 g. Microscopic examination was carried out to observe any pathological changes in the rat livers.
Result and Discussion: Water extract showed the highest radical scavenging activity (48.65%), reducing power (0.291 absorbance at 700 nm) and metal chelating (35.40%) at 1 mg/ml concentration. Histopathological studies showed that especially water extract reduced the severity of CCl4-induced intoxication. Hippophae rhamnoides L. extracts were found to have antioxidant activity, and also Hippophae rhamnoides L. water extract was shown to be particularly effective in preventing liver damage.

Keywords

Antioxidant activity, DPPH, Hippophae rhamnoides L., rat liver toxicity, reducing power

References

1. Baytop, A. (1996). Farmasötik Botanik Ders Kitabı, İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul, p.180-181.
2. Namiki, M. (1990). Antioxidants/antimutagens in food. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 29(4), 273-300. [CrossRef]
3. Rösch, D., Bergmann, M., Knorr, D., Kroh, L.W. (2003). Structure-antioxidant efficiency relationships of phenolic compounds and their contribution to the antioxidant activity of sea buckthorn juice. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51(15), 4233-4239. [CrossRef]
4. Jiang, Q., Christen, S., Shigenaga, M.K., Ames, B.N. (2001). γ-Tocopherol, the major form of vitamin E in the US diet, deserves more attention. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 74(6), 714-722. [CrossRef]
5. Nogala-Kałucka, M., Dwiecki, K., Siger, A., Górnaś, P., Polewski, K., Ciosek, S. (2013). Antioxidant synergism and antagonism between tocotrienols, quercetin and rutin in model system. Acta Alimentaria, 42(3), 360-370. [CrossRef]
6. Kaur, G., Alam, M.S., Jabbar, Z., Javed, K., Athar, M. (2006). Evaluation of antioxidant activity of Cassia siamea flowers. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 108(3), 340-348. [CrossRef]
7. Guyton, K., Kensler, T. (1993). Oxidative mechanisms in carcinogenesis. British Medical Bulletin, 49(3), 523-544. [CrossRef]
8. Duh, P.D., Yen, G.C. (1997). Antioxidative activity of three herbal water extracts. Food Chemistry, 60(4), 639-645. [CrossRef]
9. Duthie, G., Wahle, K., James, W. (1989). Oxidants, antioxidants and cardiovascular disease. Nutrition Research Reviews, 2(1), 51-62. [CrossRef]
10. Lee, S.K., Mbwambo, Z., Chung, H., Luyengi, L., Gamez, E., Mehta, R., Kinghorn, A., Pezzuto, J. (1998). Evaluation of the antioxidant potential of natural products. Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening, 1(1), 35-46. [CrossRef]
11. Robinson, E.E., Maxwell, S.R., Thorpe, G.H. (1997). An investigation of the antioxidant activity of black tea using enhanced chemiluminescence. Free Radical Research, 26(3), 291-302. [CrossRef]
12. Madhavi, D., Salunkhe, D., (1996). Toxicological Aspects of Food Antioxidants, In: D. Madhavi, D. Salunkhe and S. Deshpande (Eds.), Food Antioxidants, (pp. 281-374). CRC Press: Boca Raton.
13. Halliwell, B., Aeschbach, R., Löliger, J., Aruoma, O. (1995). The characterization of antioxidants. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 33(7), 601-617. [CrossRef]
14. Lagouri, V., Boskou, D. (1996). Nutrient antioxidants in oregano. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 47(6), 493-497. [CrossRef]
15. Keys, S.A., Boley, E., Zimmerman, W.F. (1997). A model membrane system to investigate antioxidants in bovine rod outer segments. Experimental Eye Research, 64(3), 313-321. [CrossRef]
16. Halliwell, B. (1996). Antioxidants in human health and disease. Annual Review of Nutrition, 16(1), 33-50. [CrossRef]
17. Abdel-Moneim, A.M., Al-Kahtani, M.A., El-Kersh, M.A., Al-Omair, M.A. (2015). Free radical-scavenging, anti-inflammatory/anti-fibrotic and hepatoprotective actions of taurine and silymarin against CCl4 induced rat liver damage. Plos One, 10(12), e0144509. [CrossRef]
18. Dahlke, M.H., Popp, F.C., Bahlmann, F.H., Aselmann, H., Jäger, M.D., Neipp, M., Piso, P., Klempnauer, J., Schlitt, H.J. (2003). Liver regeneration in a retrorsine/CCl4–induced acute liver failure model: Do bone marrow-derived cells contribute? Journal of Hepatology, 39(3), 365-373. [CrossRef]
19. Ting, H.C., Hsu, Y.W., Tsai, C.F., Lu, F.J., Chou, M.C., Chen, W.K. (2011). The in vitro and in vivo antioxidant properties of seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) seed oil. Food Chemistry, 125(2), 652-659. [CrossRef]
20. Singleton, V.L., Orthofer, R., Lamuela-Raventós, R.M., (1999). Analysis of Total Phenols and Other Oxidation Substrates and Antioxidants by Means of Folin-Ciocalteu Reagent, In: L. Packer (Ed.) Methods in Enzymology, (pp. 152-178). Academic Press: Cambridge.
21. Shimada, K., Fujikawa, K., Yahara, K., Nakamura, T. (1992). Antioxidative properties of xanthan on the autoxidation of soybean oil in cyclodextrin emulsion. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 40(6), 945-948. [CrossRef]
22. Oyaizu, M. (1986). Studies on products of browning reaction antioxidative activities of products of browning reaction prepared from glucosamine. The Japanese Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics, 44(6), 307-315. [CrossRef]
23. Dinis, T.C., Madeira, V.M., Almeida, L.M. (1994). Action of phenolic derivatives (acetaminophen, salicylate, and 5-aminosalicylate) as inhibitors of membrane lipid peroxidation and as peroxyl radical scavengers. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 315(1), 161-169. [CrossRef]
24. Maheshwari, D., Kumar, M.Y., Verma, S.K., Singh, V.K., Singh, S.N. (2011). Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of phenolic rich fraction of Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) leaves. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 49(9), 2422-2428. [CrossRef]
25. Robbins, R.J. (2003). Phenolic acids in foods: An overview of analytical methodology. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51(10), 2866-2887. [CrossRef]
26. Maga, J.A., Katz, I. (1978). Simple phenol and phenolic compounds in food flavor. Critical Reviews in Food Science & Nutrition, 10(4), 323-372. [CrossRef]
27. Shui, G., Leong, L.P. (2002). Separation and determination of organic acids and phenolic compounds in fruit juices and drinks by high-performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A, 977(1), 89-96. [CrossRef]
28. Yen, G.C., Duh, P.D., Tsai, C.L. (1993). Relationship between antioxidant activity and maturity of peanut hulls. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 41(1), 67-70. [CrossRef]
29. Varshneya, C., Kant, V., Mehta, M. (2012). Total phenolic contents and free radical scavenging activities of different extracts of seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) pomace without seeds. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 63(2), 153-159. [CrossRef]
30. Taviano, M.F., Marino, A., Trovato, A., Bellinghieri, V., La Barbera, T.M., Güvenç, A., Hürkul, M.M., Pasquale, R.D., Miceli, N. (2011). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of branches extracts of five Juniperus species from Turkey. Pharmaceutical Biology, 49(10), 1014-1022. [CrossRef]
31. Chen, C.W., Ho, C.T. (1995). Antioxidant properties of polyphenols extracted from green and black teas. Journal of Food Lipids, 2(1), 35-46. [CrossRef]
32. Rapisarda, P., Tomaino, A., Lo Cascio, R., Bonina, F., De Pasquale, A., Saija, A. (1999). Antioxidant effectiveness as influenced by phenolic content of fresh orange juices. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 47(11), 4718-4723. [CrossRef]
33. Shivapriya, S., Ilango, K., Dubey, G. (2015). Evaluation of antioxidant and neuroprotective effect of Hippophae rhamnoides (L.) on oxidative stress induced cytotoxicity in human neural cell line IMR32. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 22(5), 645-650. [CrossRef]
34. Saeidi, K., Alirezalu, A., Akbari, Z. (2016). Evaluation of chemical constitute, fatty acids and antioxidant activity of the fruit and seed of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) grown wild in Iran. Natural Product Research, 30(3), 366-368. [CrossRef]
35. Dorman, H., Peltoketo, A., Hiltunen, R., Tikkanen, M. (2003). Characterisation of the antioxidant properties of de-odourised aqueous extracts from selected Lamiaceae herbs. Food Chemistry, 83(2), 255-262. [CrossRef]
36. Yıldırım, A., Mavi, A., Oktay, M., Kara, A.A., Algur, Ö.F., Bilaloǧlu, V. (2000). Comparison of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Tilia (Tilia argentea Desf ex DC), sage (Salvia triloba L.), and Black tea (Camellia sinensis) extracts. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 48(10), 5030-5034. [CrossRef]
37. Gordon, M., (1990). The Mechanism of Antioxidant Action In Vitro, In: B.J.F. Hudson (Ed.) Food Antioxidants, (pp. 1-18). Springer: London.
38. Hsu, C.L., Chen, W., Weng, Y.M., Tseng, C.Y. (2003). Chemical composition, physical properties, and antioxidant activities of yam flours as affected by different drying methods. Food Chemistry, 83(1), 85-92. [CrossRef]
39. Kris-Etherton, P.M., Hecker, K.D., Bonanome, A., Coval, S.M., Binkoski, A.E., Hilpert, K.F., Griel, A.E., Etherton, T.D. (2002). Bioactive compounds in foods: Their role in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer. The American Journal of Medicine, 113(9), 71-88. [CrossRef]
40. Halliwell, B., (1991). The Biological Toxicity of Free Radicals and Other Reactive Oxygen Species, In: I. Aruoma and B. Halliwell (Eds.), Free Radical and Food Additives, (pp. 37-57). Taylor&Francis Ltd: London.
41. Yamaguchi, F., Ariga, T., Yoshimura, Y., Nakazawa, H. (2000). Antioxidative and anti-glycation activity of garcinol from Garcinia indica fruit rind. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 48(2), 180-185. [CrossRef]
42. Jayabalan, R., Subathradevi, P., Marimuthu, S., Sathishkumar, M., Swaminathan, K. (2008). Changes in free-radical scavenging ability of kombucha tea during fermentation. Food Chemistry, 109(1), 227-234. [CrossRef]

There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry
Journal Section	Research Article
Authors	Metin Çapa 0000-0002-1245-4099 Yücel Kadıoğlu 0000-0001-6590-7306 Elif Çadırcı 0000-0003-0836-7205 Mevlüt Albayrak 0000-0001-8673-6577
Early Pub Date	June 12, 2024
Publication Date	September 10, 2024
Submission Date	December 22, 2023
Acceptance Date	April 17, 2024
Published in Issue	Year 2024 Volume: 48 Issue: 3

Cite

APA	Çapa, M., Kadıoğlu, Y., Çadırcı, E., Albayrak, M. (2024). DETERMINATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF HIPPOPHAE RHAMNOIDES L. GROWING IN TURKEY AND INVESTIGATION OF ITS EFFECTS ON THE LIVER TOXICITY IN RATS. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University, 48(3), 791-802. https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.1404302
AMA	Çapa M, Kadıoğlu Y, Çadırcı E, Albayrak M. DETERMINATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF HIPPOPHAE RHAMNOIDES L. GROWING IN TURKEY AND INVESTIGATION OF ITS EFFECTS ON THE LIVER TOXICITY IN RATS. J. Fac. Pharm. Ankara. September 2024;48(3):791-802. doi:10.33483/jfpau.1404302
Chicago	Çapa, Metin, Yücel Kadıoğlu, Elif Çadırcı, and Mevlüt Albayrak. “DETERMINATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF HIPPOPHAE RHAMNOIDES L. GROWING IN TURKEY AND INVESTIGATION OF ITS EFFECTS ON THE LIVER TOXICITY IN RATS”. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University 48, no. 3 (September 2024): 791-802. https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.1404302.
EndNote	Çapa M, Kadıoğlu Y, Çadırcı E, Albayrak M (September 1, 2024) DETERMINATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF HIPPOPHAE RHAMNOIDES L. GROWING IN TURKEY AND INVESTIGATION OF ITS EFFECTS ON THE LIVER TOXICITY IN RATS. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University 48 3 791–802.
IEEE	M. Çapa, Y. Kadıoğlu, E. Çadırcı, and M. Albayrak, “DETERMINATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF HIPPOPHAE RHAMNOIDES L. GROWING IN TURKEY AND INVESTIGATION OF ITS EFFECTS ON THE LIVER TOXICITY IN RATS”, J. Fac. Pharm. Ankara, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 791–802, 2024, doi: 10.33483/jfpau.1404302.
ISNAD	Çapa, Metin et al. “DETERMINATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF HIPPOPHAE RHAMNOIDES L. GROWING IN TURKEY AND INVESTIGATION OF ITS EFFECTS ON THE LIVER TOXICITY IN RATS”. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University 48/3 (September 2024), 791-802. https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.1404302.
JAMA	Çapa M, Kadıoğlu Y, Çadırcı E, Albayrak M. DETERMINATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF HIPPOPHAE RHAMNOIDES L. GROWING IN TURKEY AND INVESTIGATION OF ITS EFFECTS ON THE LIVER TOXICITY IN RATS. J. Fac. Pharm. Ankara. 2024;48:791–802.
MLA	Çapa, Metin et al. “DETERMINATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF HIPPOPHAE RHAMNOIDES L. GROWING IN TURKEY AND INVESTIGATION OF ITS EFFECTS ON THE LIVER TOXICITY IN RATS”. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University, vol. 48, no. 3, 2024, pp. 791-02, doi:10.33483/jfpau.1404302.
Vancouver	Çapa M, Kadıoğlu Y, Çadırcı E, Albayrak M. DETERMINATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF HIPPOPHAE RHAMNOIDES L. GROWING IN TURKEY AND INVESTIGATION OF ITS EFFECTS ON THE LIVER TOXICITY IN RATS. J. Fac. Pharm. Ankara. 2024;48(3):791-802.

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The Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University is an international medium, an open access, peer-reviewed journal for the publication of original research reports, reviews and short communications in English or Turkish on relevant developments in pharmaceutical sciences., Proceeding of scientific meetings may be published as special issues of supplements to the journal. Additionally, it contains previous and forthcoming national and international scientific meetings with social activities in pharmaceutical areas.