VALIDATED HPLC METHOD TO ANALYZE PHYTOCHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF SCORZONERA SPECIES GROWN IN TÜRKİYE

Year 2024, Volume: 48 Issue: 3, 1110 - 1117, 10.09.2024

Seda Ercan , Ekin Kurtul , Özge Yilmaz , Özlem Bahadır Acıkara

https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.1474376

Abstract

Objective: The current study evaluated Scorzonera L. (Asteraceae) species, which are used as vegetables and medicinal plants in different countries where they grow naturally, such as Türkiye, Europe, Mongolia, and China, for their phenolic composition.
Material and Method: The twenty-five members of the Scorzonera genus, collected from different parts of Turkey, were investigated using a newly developed and validated High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method using some standard compounds, including chlorogenic acid, hyperoside, isoorientin, orientin, 7-O-methyl-isoorientin, isoquercetin, luteolin-7-O-β-glycoside, rutin, swertisin, and vitexin. The limit of detection and quantification levels were determined for each standard compound.
Result and Discussion: This study has revealed that the aerial parts are rich in phenolic compounds, with significantly higher amounts than the roots. Chlorogenic acid was detected in aerial parts and roots of all tested species and Scorzonera kotschyi aerial parts contained the highest amount (1787.26±32.88 µg/g). Most of the tested species contained varying amounts of hyperoside, isoorientin, isoquercetin, and orientin. Scorzonera aucheriana (572.93±0.04 µg/g), Scorzonera laciniata ssp. laciniata (524.07±5.06 µg/g), Scorzonera tomentosa (892.00±4.58 µg/g) and Scorzonera cana var. jacquiniana (309.23±1.69 µg/g) aerial parts contain these compounds respectively in higher amount. In contrast, vitexin, rutin and luteolin-7-O-β-glycoside were detected in a relatively small number of the tested species.

Keywords

Asteraceae, flavonoid, phytochemical analysis, Scorzonera, validation

TÜRKİYE’DE YETİŞEN SCORZONERA TÜRLERİNİN FİTOKİMYASAL ANALİZİ İÇİN VALİDE EDİLMİŞ YPSK YÖNTEMİ

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, Türkiye, Avrupa, Moğolistan ve Çin gibi yetiştiği ülkelerde sebze ve tıbbi bitki olarak kullanılan Scorzonera L. (Asteraceae) türleri fenolik bileşikleri açısından değerlendirilmiştir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Türkiye’nin farklı bölgelerinden toplanan Scorzonera cinsine ait yirmi-beş örnek, klorojenik asit, hiperozit, izoorientin, orientin, 7-metil izoorientin, izokersetin, luteolin-7-O-β-glikozit, rutin, swertisin, viteksin gibi bazı standart bileşikler kullanılarak yeni geliştirilen ve valide edilen bir Yüksek Performanslı Sıvı Kromatografisi (YPSK) yöntemi ile incelendi. Her standart bileşik için tespit limiti ve tayin limiti hesaplandı.
Sonuç ve Tartışma: Toprak üstü kısımların köklere kıyasla fenolik bileşikler açısından çok daha zengin olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Test edilen tüm türlerin toprak üstü kısımları ve köklerinde klorojenik asit tespit edilirken en yüksek miktarda ise Scorzonera kotschyi’nin toprak üstü kısımlarında (1787.26±32.88 µg/g) bulunmuştur. Test edilen türlerin çoğunda değişen miktarlarda hiperozit, izoorientin, izokersetin ve orientin saptanmıştır. Sırasıyla, Scorzonera aucheriana (572.93±0.04 µg/g), Scorzonera laciniata ssp. laciniata (524.07±5.06 µg/g), Scorzonera tomentosa (892.00±4.58 µg/g) ve Scorzonera cana var. jacquiniana (309.23±1.69 µg/g)’nın toprak üstü kısımları bu bileşikleri yüksek miktarlarda içerirken, viteksin, rutin and luteolin-7-O-β-glikozit test edilen türlerde daha düşük oranda tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

Asteraceae, fitokimyasal analiz, flavonoit, Scorzonera, validasyon

References

• 1. Çoşkunçelebi, K., Makbul, S., Gültepe, M., Okur, S., Güzel, M.E. (2015). A conspectus of Scorzonera sl in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany, 39, 76-87. [CrossRef]
• 2. Baytop, T. (1999). Theraphy with Medicinal Plants in Turkey, Nobel publishers, Istanbul.
• 3. Turan, M., Kordali, S., Zengin, H., Dursun, A., Sezen, Y. (2003). Macro and micro mineral content of some wild edible leaves consumed in Eastern Anatolia. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B, 53, 129-137. [CrossRef]
• 4. Sezik, E., Yeşilada, E., Tabata, M., Honda, G., Takaishi, Y., Fujita, T., Tanaka, T., Takeda, Y. (1997). Traditional medicine in Turkey VIII. Folk medicine in East Anatolia; Erzurum, Erzincan, Ağrı, Kars, Iğdır provinces. Economic Botany, 51, 195-211. [CrossRef]
• 5. Bader, A., De Tommasi, N., Cotugno, R., Braca, A. (2011). Phenolic compounds from the roots of Jordanian Viper’s Grass, Scorzonera judaica. Journal of Natural Products, 74, 1421-1426. [CrossRef]
• 6. Bahadır Acikara, Ö., Hošek, J., Babula, P., Cvačka, J., Budešínský, M., Dračinský, M., Saltan İşcan, G., Kadlecová, D., Ballová, L., Šmejkal, K. (2015). Turkish Scorzonera species extracts attenuate cytokine secretion via inhibition of NF-κB activation, showing anti-inflammatory effect in vitro. Molecules, 21(1), 1-14. [CrossRef]
• 7. Çitoğlu, G.S., Bahadir, Ö., Dall’Acqua, S. (2010). Dihydroisocoumarin derivatives isolated from the roots of Scorzonera latifolia. Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 7, 205-212.
• 8. Paraschos, S., Magiatis, P., Kalpoutzakis, E., Harvala, C., Skaltsounis, A.L. (2001). Three new dihydroisocoumarins from the Greek endemic species Scorzonera cretica. Journal of Natural Products, 64, 1585-1587. [CrossRef]
• 9. Sarı, A., Zidorn, C., Ellmerer, E.P., Özgökçe, F., Ongania, K.H., Stuppner, H. (2007). Phenolic compounds from Scorzonera tomentosa L. Helvetica Chimica Acta, 90, 311-317. [CrossRef]
• 10. Zidorn, C., Ellmerer-Müller, E.P., Stuppner, H. (2000). Sesquiterpenoids from Scorzonera hispanica L. Pharmazie, 55, 550-551.
• 11. Zidorn, C., Spitaler, R., Ellmerer-Müller, E.P., Perry, N.B., Gerhäuser, C., Stuppner, H. (2002). Structure of tyrolobibenzyl D and biological activity of tyrolobibenzyls from Scorzonera humilis. Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung. C, Journal of Biosciences, 57, 614-619. [CrossRef]
• 12. Zidorn, C., Ellmerer, E.P., Sturm, S., Stuppner, H. (2003). Tyrolobibenzyls E and F from Scorzonera humilis and distribution of caffeic acid derivatives, lignans and tyrolobibenzyls in European taxa of the subtribe Scorzonerinae (Lactuceae, Asteraceae). Phytochemistry, 63, 61-67. [CrossRef]
• 13. Jehle, M., Bano, J., Ellmerer, E.P., Zidorn, C. (2010). Natural products from Scorzonera aristata (Asteraceae). Natural Product Communications, 5, 725-727. [CrossRef]
• 14. Jiang, T.F., Wang, Y.H., Lv, Z.H., Yue, M.E. (2007). Determination of kava lactones and flavonoid glycoside in Scorzonera austriaca by capillary zone electrophoresis. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 43, 854-858. [CrossRef]
• 15. Menichini, F., Statti, G., Delle Monache, F. (1994). Flavonoid glycosides from Scorzonera columnae. Fitoterapia, 65, 555-556.
• 16. Tsevegsuren, N., Edrada, R., Lin, W., Ebel, R., Torre, C., Ortlepp, S., Wray, V., Proksch, P. (2007). Biologically active natural products from Mongolian medicinal plants Scorzonera divaricata and Scorzonera pseudodivaricata. Journal of Natural Products, 70, 962-967. [CrossRef]
• 17. Bryanskii, O.V., Tolstikhina, V.V., Semenov, A.A. (1992). Syringaresinol glycosides from a tissue culture of Scorzonera hispanica. Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, 5, 591-592.
• 18. Khobrakova, V.B., Nikolaev, S.M., Tolstikhina, V.V., Semenov, A.A. (2003). Immunomodulating properties of lignan glucoside from cultivated cells of Scorzonera hispanica L. Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal, 37, 345-346. [CrossRef]
• 19. Sarı, A. (2010). Two new 3-benzylphthalides from Scorzonera veratrifolia Fenzl. Natural Product Research, 24, 56-62. [CrossRef]
• 20. Wang, Y., Edrada-Ebel, R., Tsevegsuren, N., Sendker, J., Braun, M., Wray, V., Lin, W., Proksch, P. (2009). Dihydrostilbene derivatives from the Mongolian medicinal plant Scorzonera radiata. Journal of Natural Products, 72, 671-675. [CrossRef]
• 21. Bryanskii, O.V., Tolstikhina, V.V., Zinchenko, S.V., Semenov, A.A. (1992). A sesquiterpene glucoside from cultivated cells of Scorzonera hispanica. Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, 28, 556-560.
• 22. Zidorn, C., Ellmerer‐Müller, E.P., Stuppner, H. (2000). Tyrolobibenzyls-novel secondary metabolites from Scorzonera humilis. Helvetica Chimica Acta, 83, 2920-2925. [CrossRef]
• 23. Zhu, Y., Wu, Q.X., Hu, P.Z., Wu, W.S. (2009). Biguaiascorzolides A and B: Two novel dimeric guaianolides with a rare skeleton, from Scorzonera austriaca. Food Chemistry, 114, 1316-1320. [CrossRef]
• 24. Acıkara, Ö.B., Çitoğlu, G.S., Dall'Acqua, S., Smejkal, K., Cvačka, J., Zemlička, M. (2012). A new triterpene from Scorzonera latifolia (Fisch. and Mey.) DC. Natural Product Research, 26, 1892-1897. [CrossRef]
• 25. Harkati, B., Akkal, S., Bayat, C., Laouer, H., Franca, M.D. (2010). Secondary metabolites from Scorzonera undulata ssp. deliciosa (Guss.) Maire (Asteracae) and their antioxidant activities. Records of Natural Products, 4, 171.
• 26. Öksüz, S., Gören, N., Ulubelen, A. (1990). Terpenoids from Scorzonera tomentosa. Fitoterapia, 61, 92-93.
• 27. Wang, B., Li, G.Q., Qiu, P.J., Guan, H.S. (2007). Two new olean-type triterpene fatty esters from Scorzonera mongolica. Chinese Chemical Letters, 18, 708-710. [CrossRef]
• 28. Sezer, F.S., Acikara, O.B., Citoglu, G.S., Orhan, I.E., Acqua, S.D., Özgökce, F. (2014). Prospective neurobiological effects of the aerial and root extracts and some pure compounds of randomly selected Scorzonera species. Pharmaceutical Biology, 52(7), 873-882. [CrossRef]
• 29. Çiçek Polat, D., Hürkul, M.M. (2022). Evaluation of Lonicera etrusca var. etrusca Santi (Caprifoliaceae) stem and leaf in terms of anatomical structures and some phenolic compounds. Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 19(6), 636-641. [CrossRef]
• 30. Martin-Garcia, B., De Montijo-Prieto, S., Jimenez-Valera, M., Carrasco-Pancorbo, A., Ruiz-Bravo, A., Verardo, V., Gomez-Caravaca M. (2022). Comparative extraction of phenolic compounds from olive leaves using a sonotrode and an ultrasonic bath and the evaluation of both antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Antioxidants, 11(3), 558. [CrossRef]
• 31. Emerenciano, V.P., Militao, J.S.L.T., Campos, C.C., Romoff, P., Kaplan, M.A.C., Zambon, M., Brant, A.J.C. (2001). Flavonoids as chemotaxonomic markers for Asteraceae. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 29(9), 947-957. [CrossRef]
• 32. Sareedenchai, V., Zidorn, C. (2010). Flavonoids as chemosystematic markers in the tribe Cichorieae of the Asteraceae. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 38, 935-957. [CrossRef]