ESSENTIAL OIL CONTENTS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF THYMUS CANOVIRIDIS JALAS AND THYMUS SIPYLEUS BOISS.

Year 2024, Volume: 48 Issue: 3, 1068 - 1077, 10.09.2024

Serkan Yiğitkan , Mehmet Fırat

https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.1484485

Abstract

Objective: Members of the Lamiaceae family are considered to be major sources of bioactive therapeutic agents. Many of them are important medicinal and aromatic plants used in traditional and modern medicine and in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. The aim of this study was to investigate in detail the biological activities and chemical composition of the essential oils of Thymus canoviridis Jalas and Thymus sipyleus Boiss. species belonging to the genus Thymus, one of the most important genera of the Lamiaceae family.
Material and Method: The essential oil content of the species was determined by GC-MS. Antioxidant activities of the essential oils were determined using lipid peroxidation, DPPH free radical, ABTS cation radical and CUPRAC methods. In addition, cytotoxic activities against breast cancer (MCF-7) and colon cancer (HT-29) cell lines and anticholinesterase (against AChE and BChE enzymes), urease, tyrosinase, elastase, collagenase and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition activities were determined.
Result and Discussion: When the essential oil composition of T. sipyleus was analyzed, the major compounds were 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) (18.16%), camphor (15.08%) and endo-borneol (11.63%), while T. canoviridis was found to be rich in carvacrol (72.88%). T. canoviridis showed high antioxidant activity in lipid peroxidation (IC50: 45.72±0.12 μg/ml), ABTS (IC50: 6.12±0.03 μg/ml) and CUPRAC (IC50: 5.31±0.01 μg/ml) methods. The selectivities of T. canoviridis and T. sipyleus species against MCF-7 cell line were 4.39 and 6.81, respectively. In the enzyme inhibition studies, both Thymus species showed moderate inhibition activity against BChE enzyme (Inhibition%: 57.88±1.14, 39.21±0.89, respectively). In addition, T. sipyleus showed moderate inhibition of elastase enzyme (Inhibition%: 25.33±0.79). When the results are evaluated in general, it can be said that T. canoviridis essential oil with its rich carvacrol content and high cytotoxic and antioxidant activity can be preferred as a safer and natural option instead of synthetic preservatives in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries to extend shelf life and ensure food safety.

Keywords

Antioxidant activites, carvacrol, cytotoxic, GC-MS, T. canoviridis, T. sipyleus

THYMUS CANOVIRIDIS JALAS VE THYMUS SIPYLEUS BOISS. TÜRLERİNİN UÇUCU YAĞ İÇERİKLERİ VE BİYOLOJİK AKTİVİTELERİ

Abstract

Amaç: Lamiaceae ailesinin üyeleri, biyoaktif terapötik ajanların başlıca kaynakları olarak kabul edilir. Birçoğu geleneksel ve modern tıpta ve gıda, kozmetik ve ilaç endüstrilerinde kullanılan önemli tıbbi ve aromatik bitkilerdir. Bu çalışmada Lamiaceae familyasına mensup en önemli cinslerden biri olan Thymus cinsine ait Thymus canoviridis Jalas ve Thymus sipyleus Boiss. türlerinin uçucu yağlarının biyolojik aktiviteleri ve kimyasal bileşiminin detaylı bir şekilde incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Türlerin uçucu yağ içeriği GC-MS cihazı ile belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca uçucu yağların lipit peroksidasyon, DPPH serbest radikal, ABTS katyon radikali ve CUPRAC metotları kullanılarak antioksidan aktiviteleri, meme kanseri (MCF-7) ve kolon kanseri (HT-29) hücre dizilerine karşı sitotoksik aktiviteleri ve antikolinesteraz (AChE ve BChE enzimlerine karşı), üreaz, tirozinaz, elastaz, kolajenaz ve anjiyotensin dönüştürücü enzim inhibisyon aktiviteleri belirlenmiştir.
Sonuç ve Tartışma: T. sipyleus uçucu yağ bileşimi incelendiğinde majör bileşikler 1,8-sineol ökaliptol (%18.16), camphor (%15.08) ve endo-borneol (%11.63) olarak tespit edilmiş, T. canoviridis ise karvakrol (%72.88) bakımından oldukça zengin bulunmuştur. T. canoviridis lipid peroksidasyon (IC50: 45.72±0.12 μg/ml), ABTS (IC50: 6.12±0.03 μg/ml) ve CUPRAC (IC50: 5.31±0.01 μg/ml) yönteminde yüksek antioksidan aktivite göstermiştir. T. canoviridis ve T. sipyleus türlerinin MCF-7 hücre serisine karşı sağlıklı hücre serine göre selektivitelerinin sırasıyla 4.39 ve 6.81 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yapılan enzim inhibisyon çalışmalarında Thymus türlerinin her ikisi de BChE enzimine karşı orta inhibisyon aktivitesi (% İnhibisyon: 57.88±1.14, 39.21±0.89, sırasıyla) göstermiştir. Ayrıca T. sipyleus’un, orta düzeyde elastaz enzim inhibisyonu (% İnhibisyon: 25.33±0.79) gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Sonuçlar genel olarak değerlendirildiğinde T. canoviridis uçucu yağının zengin karvakrol içeriği, yüksek sitotoksik ve antioksidan aktivitesi ile gıda, ilaç ve kozmetik endüstrisinde raf ömrünü uzatmak ve gıda güvenliğini sağlamak için sentetik koruyucular yerine daha güvenli ve doğal bir seçenek olarak tercih edilebileceği söylenebilir.

Keywords

Antioksidan aktivite, GC-MS, karvakrol, sitotoksik, T. canoviridis, T. sipyleus

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