EVALUATION OF PHOTOTOXIC (PHOTOIRRITANT) AND PHOTOALLERGIC EFFECTS OF FRAGRANCE MATERIALS

Year 2025, Volume: 49 Issue: 1, 211 - 227, 20.01.2025

Gökçe Durmuş , Irem Ozkan , Ozge Ulker

https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.1517163

Abstract

Objective: Fragrance components are often included in perfumes, household cleaning products, personal care and cosmetic products today. There are some studies that showed these components led to phototoxicity and photoallergy as a result of sunlight exposure. For this reason, the safety assessment of fragrance components is of great importance. The safety evaluation of the fragrance components is carried out by various tests and methods, they are examined by the relevant organizations. In this review, the risk assessment processes of fragrance components, phototoxicity (photoiritation) and photoallergy reactions, mechanisms caused by sunlight exposure and test methods used to evaluate these negative reactions are summarized. In addition, the safety evaluations of the fragrance components most commonly used in formulations were examined, and the results in terms of phototoxicity and photoallergenicity were also mentioned.
Result and Discussion: The preliminary identification of the components that cause phototoxicity and photoallergy reactions is very important in the production processes and product development stages. Also, having information about these types of components allows consumers to make informed product choices to protect skin health.

Keywords

Fragrance materials, phototoxicity, photoallergy, safety assessment

KOKU BİLEŞENLERİNİN FOTOTOKSİK (FOTOİRİTAN) VE FOTOALERJİK ETKİLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Abstract

Amaç: Koku bileşenleri günümüzde parfümlerde, ev temizliği ürünlerinde, kişisel bakım ve kozmetik ürünlerinde sıklıkla yer almaktadır. Amaçları güzel koku vermek veya kötü kokuları maskelemek olan bu bileşenlerin, güneş ışığına maruziyet sonucu fototoksisite ve fotoalerji gibi çeşitli olumsuz reaksiyonlara sebep olduğu görülebilmektedir. Bu sebeple formülasyonlardaki diğer maddelerde olduğu gibi koku bileşenlerinde de güvenlilik değerlendirmesi oldukça önem arz etmektedir. Çeşitli test ve yöntemlerle koku bileşenlerinin güvenlilik değerlendirmesi yapılmakta, ilgili kuruluşlar tarafından incelenmekte ve kullanım onayı verilmektedir. Bu derlemede koku bileşenlerinin risk değerlendirme prosesleri, güneş ışığına maruziyet sonucu meydana gelen fototoksisite (fotoiritasyon) ve fotoalerji reaksiyonları ve mekanizmaları, bu olumsuz reaksiyonları değerlendirmek için kullanılan test metodları özetlenmiştir. Ayrıca formülasyonlarda en sık kullanılan koku bileşenlerinin güvenlilik değerlendirmeleri incelenmiş, fototoksisite ve fotoalerji açısından sonuçlarına değinilmiştir.
Sonuç ve Tartışma: Fototoksisite ve fotoalerji reaksiyonlarına neden olan bileşenlerin önceden tespit edilmesi, üretim süreçlerinde ve ürün geliştirme aşamalarında oldukça önemlidir ayrıca bu tip bileşenler hakkında bilgi sahibi olmak, tüketicilerin cilt sağlığını korumak için bilinçli ürün seçimine olanak sağlar.

Keywords

Fotoalerji, fototoksisite, güvenlilik değerlendirmesi, koku bileşenleri

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