The Effect of Social Media Addiction on Postural Habit and Awareness in High School Students

Year 2024, , 27 - 45, 29.06.2024

Kevser Ezgi Arslan Neslihan Yazıcı Berra Şerefoğlu Faruk Alp Ayşe Zülal Tokaç Farımaz

https://doi.org/10.52675/jhesp.1363728

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this research was to determine whether social media addiction had an effect on high school students' posture habits and awareness. Materials and methods: This study has done among high school students in Keşan, Edirne. By using the cluster sampling method, 5 high schools in the district with a total number of 956 students were selected by random. This study was conducted face-to-face using a 38-questions personal information form, Social Media Addiction Scale for Adolescents (SMASA) and Postural Habits and Awareness Scale (PHAS). In the analysis of data, number, percentage, mean, standart deviation that are definer statistical analysis, Student’s t-test, ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis tests, Pearson correlation analysis, Kendall tau-b correlation analysis, multivariate linear regression analysis that are analyzing analysis are used. Statistical significance level was taken as p<0,05. Results: 771 students in high schools in the sample group participated in the research. In this study, 53.8% of participants are women and 34.9% of students attend from high school grade 3. While the mean value of the Social Media Addiction Scale for Adolescents is 20.2 (7.3), the mean value of the Postural Habits and Awareness Scale is 61.2 (7.0). There is a moderately positive correlation between time spent on social media and SMASA score (p<0.001; τ=0.440). There is a weak negative relationship between SMASA point and PHAS point (p<0.001; r=-0.186). A one unit increase in the SMASA score reduces the PHAS score by 0,140 points (p<0.001). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, we can conclude that an increase in social media addiction affects a decrease in postural habits and awareness. Nevertheless, social media addiction cannot be attributed as the sole cause of decreased postural habits and awareness. Reducing inappropriate social media use in students and providing students with exercise habits will be beneficial in terms of preventing bad posture habits during adolescence.

Keywords

High school student, Adolescents, Social media addiction, Posture, Postural awareness

References

• Achangwa, C., Ryu, H. S., Lee, J. K., & Jang, J. D. (2022, December). Adverse effects of smartphone addiction among university students in South Korea: A systematic review. Healthcare, 11(1), 14.
• Bayar, B., Güp, A. A., Özen Oruk, D., İpek Dongaz, Ö., Doğu, E., & Bayar, K. (2023). Development of the postural habits and awareness scale: A reliability and validity study. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 29(2), 815–820.
• Bayattork, M., Sköld, M. B., Sundstrup, E., & Andersen, L. L. (2020). Exercise interventions to improve postural malalignments in head, neck, and trunk among adolescents, adults, and older people: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 16(1), 36.
• Betsch, M., Kalbhen, K., Michalik, R., Schenker, H., Gatz, M., Quack, V., Siebers, H., Wild, M., & Migliorini, F. (2021). The influence of smartphone use on spinal posture – A laboratory study. Gait & Posture, 85, 298–303.
• Brink, Y., Louw, Q., Grimmer, K., & Jordaan, E. (2014). The spinal posture of computing adolescents in a real-life setting. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 15, 1–9.
• Cankurtaran, F., Menevşe, O., Namlı, A., Kızıltoprak, H. Ş., Altay, S., Duran, M., Demir, E. B., Şahan, A. A., & Ekşi, C. (2022). The impact of digital game addiction on musculoskeletal system of secondary schoolchildren. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 25(2), 153–159.
• Cramer, H., Mehling, W. E., Saha, F. J., Dobos, G., & Lauche, R. (2018). Postural awareness and its relation to pain: Validation of an innovative instrument measuring awareness of body posture in patients with chronic pain. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 19, 1–10.
• Egger, O., & Rauterberg, M. (1996). Internet behaviour and addiction [Semester thesis]. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology.
• Eitivipart, A. C., Viriyarojanakul, S., & Redhead, L. (2018). Musculoskeletal disorder and pain associated with smartphone use: A systematic review of biomechanical evidence. Hong Kong Physiotherapy Journal, 38(02), 77–90.
• Goldberg, I. (1996). Internet addiction disorder. CyberPsychol. Behavior, 3(4), 403–412.
• Güney, M., & Taştepe, T. (2020). Ergenlerde sosyal medya kullanımı ve sosyal medya bağımlılığı. Ankara Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(2), 183–190.
• Han, H., & Shin, G. (2019). Head flexion angle when web-browsing and texting using a smartphone while walking. Applied Ergonomics, 81, 102884.
• Hayden, J. A., Ellis, J., Ogilvie, R., Stewart, S. A., Bagg, M. K., Stanojevic, S., Yamato, T. P., & Saragiotto, B.T. (2021). Some types of exercise are more effective than others in people with chronic low back pain: A network meta-analysis. Journal of Physiotherapy, 67, 252–262.
• Kiers, H., van Dieën, J., Dekkers, H., Wittink, H., & Vanhees, L. (2013). A systematic review of the relationship between physical activities in sports or daily life and postural sway in upright stance. Sports Medicine, 43, 1171–1189.
• Lauche, R., Wayne, P. M., Fehr, J., Stumpe, C., Dobos, G., & Cramer, H. (2017). Does postüral awareness contribute to exercise-induced improvements in neck pain intensity? A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial evaluating tai chi and neck exercises. Spine, 42(16), 1195–1200.
• Minghelli, B., Oliveira, R., & Nunes, C. (2016). Postural habits and weight of backpacks of Portuguese adolescents: Are they associated with scoliosis and low back pain?. Work, 54(1), 197–208.
• Mustafaoğlu, R., Zirek, E., Yasacı, Z., & Özdinçler, A. R. (2018). The negative effects of digital technology usage on children’s development and health. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions, 5(2), 13–21.
• N., Sam M.S. (2013). Body awareness. Psychology Dictionary. Retrieved September 6, 2021, from https://psychologydictionary.org/body-awareness/
• Noll, M., Candotti, C. T., da Rosa, B. N., do Valle, M. B., Antoniolli, A., Vieira, A., & Loss, J. F. (2017). High prevalence of inadequate sitting and sleeping postures: A three-year prospective study of adolescents. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 14929.
• Özgenel, M., Canpolat, Ö., & Ekşi, H. (2019). Ergenler için sosyal medya bağımlılığı ölçeği (ESMBÖ): Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions, 6, 629–662.
• Paterson, J. (2009). Good posture and how it can be achieved. Teaching Pilates for Postural Faults, Illness & Injury (pp. 1–49). Butterworth-Heinemann.
• Rahman, S. A., Al Marzouqi, A., Variyath, S., Rahman, S., Rabbani, M., & Ahamed, S. I. (2020, July). Effects of social media use on health and academic performance among students at the university of Sharjah. 2020 IEEE 44th Annual Computers, Software, and Applications Conference (COMPSAC), Madrid, Spain, 2020, pp. 711-716, doi: 10.1109/COMPSAC48688.2020.0-176
• Romano, M., Minozzi, S., Zaina, F., Saltikov, J. B., Chockalingam, N., Kotwicki, T., Hennes, A. M., & Negrini, S. (2012). Exercises for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 8, https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007837.pub2
• Salsali, M., Sheikhhoseini, R., Sayyadi, P., Hides, J. A., Dadfar, M., & Piri, H. (2023). Association between physical activity and body posture: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Publi Health, 23(1), 1670.
• Straker, L. M., O’Sullivan, P. B., Smith, A., & Perry, M. (2007). Computer use and habitual spinal posture in Australian adolescents. Public Health Reports, 122(5), 634–643.
• Turkish Green Crescent Society. (2022). Teknoloji bağımlılığı: Ergenler sosyal medya bağımlılığında risk grubunda. Retrieved June 12, 2022, from https://www.yesilay.org.tr/tr/makaleler/ergenler- sosyal-medya-bagimliliginda-risk-grubunda
• Turkish Statistical Institute. (2021). Survey on information and communication technology usage by children. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Survey-on-Information-and-Communication- Technology-Usage-by-Children-2021-41132
• Turkish Statistical Institute. (2022). Survey on Information and Communication Technology (ICT) usage in households and by individuals.https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Survey-on-Information- and-Communication-Technology-(ICT)-Usage-in-Households-and-by-Individuals- 2022-45587
• World Health Organization. (2020). Addictive behaviours: Gaming disorder. Retrieved November 11, 2022, from https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/addictive-behaviours- gaming-disorder
• Xing, L., & Popik, S. (2020). A systematic review of the impact of sports on body posture in adolescents. Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics, 10(5), 1159–1164.
• Yang, L., Lu, X., Yan, B., & Huang, Y. (2020). Prevalence of incorrect posture among children and adolescents: Finding from a large population-based study in China. Iscience, 23(5).