Research Article
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Year 2024, , 79 - 102, 29.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.52675/jhesp.1492478

Abstract

References

  • Achim, M. V., Văidean, V. L., & Borlea, S. N. (2020). Corruption and health outcomes within an economic and cultural framework. European Journal of Health Economics, 21(2), 195–207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-019-01120-8
  • Akbari, M., Bahrami-Rad, D., & Kimbrough, E. O. (2019). Kinship, fractionalization and corruption. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 166, 493–528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jebo.2019.07.015
  • Ariely, G., & Uslaner, E. M. (2017). Corruption, fairness, and inequality. International Political Science Review, 38(3), 349–362. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512116641091
  • Aliyev, H. (2018). 1.10 Natsnoboba (Georgia). In A. Ledeneva, A. Bailey, S. Barron, C. Costanzo, & E. Teague (Eds.), The global encyclopedia of informality, Vol. 1 (pp. 67–71). UCL Press.
  • Azfar, O., & Gurgur, T. (2008). Does corruption affect health outcomes in the Philippines? Economics of Governance, 9(3), 197–244. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-006-0031-y
  • Cherneski, M. (2018). 1.3 Sociolismo (Cuba). In A. Ledeneva, A. Bailey, S. Barron, C. Costanzo, & E. Teague (Eds.), The global encyclopedia of informality, Vol. 1 (pp. 46–49). UCL Press.
  • de Jong, G., Tu, P. A., & van Ees, H. (2015). The impact of personal relationships on bribery incidence in transition economies. European Management Review, 12(1), 7–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/emre.12032
  • de Paiva, F. (2018). 1.2 Jeitinho (Brazil). In A. Ledeneva, A. Bailey, S. Barron, C. Costanzo, & E. Teague (Eds.), The global encyclopedia of informality, Vol. 1 (pp. 43–46). UCL Press.
  • Dimant, E., & Tosato, G. (2017). Causes and effects of corruption: What has past decade’s empirical research taught us? A survey. Journal of Economic Surveys, 32(2), 335–356. https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12198
  • Dollar, D., Fisman, R., & Gatti, R. (2001). Are women really the ‘fairer’ sex? Corruption and women in government. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 46(4), 423–429. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2681(01)00169-X
  • Frank, B., Lambsdorff, J. G., & Boehm, F. (2011). Gender and corruption: Lessons from laboratory corruption experiments. European Journal of Development Research, 23, 59–71. https://doi.org/10.1057/ejdr.2010.47
  • Gokcekus, O. (2024). Rising bribes: Accessing public health services in Northern Cyprus during COVID 19. Turkish Journal of Public Health, 22(1), 102–111. https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.1388669
  • Gupta, S., Davoodi, H., & Alonso-Terme, R. (2002). Does corruption affect income inequality and poverty? Economics of Governance, 3(1), 23–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s101010100039
  • Ivanyna, M., Moumouras, A., & Rangazas, P. (2016). The culture of corruption, tax evasion, and economic growth. Economic Inquiry, 54(1), 520–542. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecin.12228
  • Ker-Lindsay, J. (2011). The Cyprus problem: What everyone needs to know. Oxford University Press.
  • Kubbe, I. (2018). 1.17 Vitamin B (Germany). In A. Ledeneva, A. Bailey, S. Barron, C. Costanzo, & E. Teague (Eds.), The global encyclopedia of informality, Vol. 1 (pp. 91–94). UCL Press.
  • Kukutschka, R. M. B. (2021). Global Corruption Barometer – European Union. Transparency International. https://www.transparency.org/en/publications/gcb-european-union-2021
  • Li, Q., An, L., Xu, J., & Baliamoune-Lutz, M. (2018). Corruption costs lives: evidence from a cross-country study. The European Journal of Health Economics, 19, 153–165. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-017-0872-z
  • Lomnitz, L. A. (2018). 1.4 Compadrazgo (Chile). In A. Ledeneva, A. Bailey, S. Barron, C. Costanzo, & E. Teague (Eds.), The global encyclopedia of informality, Vol. 1 (pp. 49–52). UCL Press.
  • Long, J. S. (1997). Regression models for categorical and limited dependent variables. Advanced quantitative techniques in the social sciences, 7. SAGE Publications, Inc.
  • Machoski, E., & de Araujo, J. M. (2020). Corruption in public health and its effects on the economic growth of Brazilian municipalities. European Journal of Health Economics, 21(5), 669–687. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-020-01162-3
  • Makovicky, N., & Henig, D. (2018). Neither gift nor commodity: The instrumentality of sociability. The Global Encyclopaedia of Informality, 1, 36–40.
  • Ledeneva, A. (2018). 1.1 Blat (Russia). In A. Ledeneva, A. Bailey, S. Barron, C. Costanzo, & E. Teague (Eds.), The global encyclopedia of informality, Vol. 1 (pp. 40–43). UCL Press.
  • Ledeneva, A. (2018). 1.1 Blat (Russia). In A. Ledeneva, A. Bailey, S. Barron, C. Costanzo, & E. Teague (Eds.), The global encyclopedia of informality, Vol. 1 (pp. 40–43). UCL Press.
  • Mauro, P. (1995). Corruption and growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110(3), 681–712. https://doi.org/10.2307/2946696
  • Mhazo, A. T., & Maponga, C. C. (2022). The importance of prioritizing politics in Good Governance for Medicines Initiative in Zimbabwe: A qualitative policy analysis study. Health Policy and Planning, 37(5), 634–643. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czac007
  • Olken, B. A., & Pande, R. (2012). Corruption in developing countries. Annual Review of Economics, 4(1), 479–509. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-080511-110917
  • Otten, J. (2018). 1.8 Vrski (Macedonia). In A. Ledeneva, A. Bailey, S. Barron, C. Costanzo, & E. Teague (Eds.), The global encyclopedia of informality, Vol. 1 (pp. 62–64). UCL Press.
  • Rispel, L. C., de Jager, P., & Fonn, S. (2016). Exploring corruption in the South African health sector. Health Policy and Planning, 31(2), 239–249. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czv047
  • Sayfutdinova, L. (2018). 1.14 Tapş (Azerbaijan). In A. Ledeneva, A. Bailey, S. Barron, C. Costanzo, & E. Teague (Eds.), The global encyclopedia of informality, Vol. 1 (pp. 82–85). UCL Press.
  • Shabbir, G., & Anwar, M. (2007). Determinants of corruption in developing countries. The Pakistan Development Review, 46(4), 751–764.
  • Sharma, S., Singhal, S., & Tarp, F. (2021). Corruption and mental health: Evidence from Vietnam. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 185, 125–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo. 2021.02.008Sonan, S., & Gokcekus, O. (2022). The northern part of Cyprus: Corruption barometer2021.
  • Swamy, A., Knack, S., Lee, Y., & Azfar, O. (2001). Gender and corruption. Journal of Development Economics, 64, 25–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3878(00)00123-1
  • Turaeva, R. (2018). 1.11 Tanish-bilish (Uzbekistan). In A. Ledeneva, A. Bailey, S. Barron, C. Costanzo, & E. Teague (Eds.), The global encyclopedia of informality, Vol. 1 (pp. 71–74). UCL Press.
  • van Deurzen, I. (2017). And justice for all: Examining corruption as a contextual source of mental illness. Social Science & Medicine, 173, 26–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.11.033
  • Vian, T. (2008). Review of corruption in the health sector: Theory, methods and intervention. Health Policy and Planning, 23(2), 83–94. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czm048 Vrushi, J. (2020). Global Corruption Barometer - Asia, 10. Transparency International.
  • Yang, M. (2018). 1.12 Guanxi (China). In A. Ledeneva, A. Bailey, S. Barron, C. Costanzo, & E. Teague (Eds.), The Global Encyclopedia of Informality, Vol. 1 (pp. 75–79). UCL Press.
  • Zheng, J. D., Schram, A., & Doğan, G. (2020). Friend or foe? Social ties in bribery and corruption. Experimental Economics, 24, 854–882. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10683-020-09683-7

Navigating Public Health Services: Personal Connections vs. Bribes in the Northern Part of Cyprus

Year 2024, , 79 - 102, 29.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.52675/jhesp.1492478

Abstract

This study examines the prevalence and dynamics of bribery versus the utilization of personal connections in accessing public health services by conducting a statistical analysis based on survey data from the northern part of Cyprus. The findings reveal that personal connections are more commonly used than bribery, with 74% of respondents using connections compared to 17% paying bribes. The study uncovers a complementary relationship between these practices, indicating that they often coexist rather than substitute for each other. Regression analysis highlights significant demographic factors influencing engagement in these practices, such as gender, socioeconomic status, and migration status. Vulnerable groups, including females, the poor, and immigrants, are disproportionately involved in bribery. Education emerges as a significant factor positively impacting both bribery and personal connections, while age shows differential effects on these practices. This study improves the understanding of the intricate dynamics of informal channels in accessing public health services and emphasizes the need for targeted policy interventions to address these complexities and ensure equitable access for all segments of society.

References

  • Achim, M. V., Văidean, V. L., & Borlea, S. N. (2020). Corruption and health outcomes within an economic and cultural framework. European Journal of Health Economics, 21(2), 195–207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-019-01120-8
  • Akbari, M., Bahrami-Rad, D., & Kimbrough, E. O. (2019). Kinship, fractionalization and corruption. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 166, 493–528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jebo.2019.07.015
  • Ariely, G., & Uslaner, E. M. (2017). Corruption, fairness, and inequality. International Political Science Review, 38(3), 349–362. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512116641091
  • Aliyev, H. (2018). 1.10 Natsnoboba (Georgia). In A. Ledeneva, A. Bailey, S. Barron, C. Costanzo, & E. Teague (Eds.), The global encyclopedia of informality, Vol. 1 (pp. 67–71). UCL Press.
  • Azfar, O., & Gurgur, T. (2008). Does corruption affect health outcomes in the Philippines? Economics of Governance, 9(3), 197–244. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-006-0031-y
  • Cherneski, M. (2018). 1.3 Sociolismo (Cuba). In A. Ledeneva, A. Bailey, S. Barron, C. Costanzo, & E. Teague (Eds.), The global encyclopedia of informality, Vol. 1 (pp. 46–49). UCL Press.
  • de Jong, G., Tu, P. A., & van Ees, H. (2015). The impact of personal relationships on bribery incidence in transition economies. European Management Review, 12(1), 7–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/emre.12032
  • de Paiva, F. (2018). 1.2 Jeitinho (Brazil). In A. Ledeneva, A. Bailey, S. Barron, C. Costanzo, & E. Teague (Eds.), The global encyclopedia of informality, Vol. 1 (pp. 43–46). UCL Press.
  • Dimant, E., & Tosato, G. (2017). Causes and effects of corruption: What has past decade’s empirical research taught us? A survey. Journal of Economic Surveys, 32(2), 335–356. https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12198
  • Dollar, D., Fisman, R., & Gatti, R. (2001). Are women really the ‘fairer’ sex? Corruption and women in government. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 46(4), 423–429. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2681(01)00169-X
  • Frank, B., Lambsdorff, J. G., & Boehm, F. (2011). Gender and corruption: Lessons from laboratory corruption experiments. European Journal of Development Research, 23, 59–71. https://doi.org/10.1057/ejdr.2010.47
  • Gokcekus, O. (2024). Rising bribes: Accessing public health services in Northern Cyprus during COVID 19. Turkish Journal of Public Health, 22(1), 102–111. https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.1388669
  • Gupta, S., Davoodi, H., & Alonso-Terme, R. (2002). Does corruption affect income inequality and poverty? Economics of Governance, 3(1), 23–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s101010100039
  • Ivanyna, M., Moumouras, A., & Rangazas, P. (2016). The culture of corruption, tax evasion, and economic growth. Economic Inquiry, 54(1), 520–542. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecin.12228
  • Ker-Lindsay, J. (2011). The Cyprus problem: What everyone needs to know. Oxford University Press.
  • Kubbe, I. (2018). 1.17 Vitamin B (Germany). In A. Ledeneva, A. Bailey, S. Barron, C. Costanzo, & E. Teague (Eds.), The global encyclopedia of informality, Vol. 1 (pp. 91–94). UCL Press.
  • Kukutschka, R. M. B. (2021). Global Corruption Barometer – European Union. Transparency International. https://www.transparency.org/en/publications/gcb-european-union-2021
  • Li, Q., An, L., Xu, J., & Baliamoune-Lutz, M. (2018). Corruption costs lives: evidence from a cross-country study. The European Journal of Health Economics, 19, 153–165. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-017-0872-z
  • Lomnitz, L. A. (2018). 1.4 Compadrazgo (Chile). In A. Ledeneva, A. Bailey, S. Barron, C. Costanzo, & E. Teague (Eds.), The global encyclopedia of informality, Vol. 1 (pp. 49–52). UCL Press.
  • Long, J. S. (1997). Regression models for categorical and limited dependent variables. Advanced quantitative techniques in the social sciences, 7. SAGE Publications, Inc.
  • Machoski, E., & de Araujo, J. M. (2020). Corruption in public health and its effects on the economic growth of Brazilian municipalities. European Journal of Health Economics, 21(5), 669–687. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-020-01162-3
  • Makovicky, N., & Henig, D. (2018). Neither gift nor commodity: The instrumentality of sociability. The Global Encyclopaedia of Informality, 1, 36–40.
  • Ledeneva, A. (2018). 1.1 Blat (Russia). In A. Ledeneva, A. Bailey, S. Barron, C. Costanzo, & E. Teague (Eds.), The global encyclopedia of informality, Vol. 1 (pp. 40–43). UCL Press.
  • Ledeneva, A. (2018). 1.1 Blat (Russia). In A. Ledeneva, A. Bailey, S. Barron, C. Costanzo, & E. Teague (Eds.), The global encyclopedia of informality, Vol. 1 (pp. 40–43). UCL Press.
  • Mauro, P. (1995). Corruption and growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110(3), 681–712. https://doi.org/10.2307/2946696
  • Mhazo, A. T., & Maponga, C. C. (2022). The importance of prioritizing politics in Good Governance for Medicines Initiative in Zimbabwe: A qualitative policy analysis study. Health Policy and Planning, 37(5), 634–643. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czac007
  • Olken, B. A., & Pande, R. (2012). Corruption in developing countries. Annual Review of Economics, 4(1), 479–509. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-080511-110917
  • Otten, J. (2018). 1.8 Vrski (Macedonia). In A. Ledeneva, A. Bailey, S. Barron, C. Costanzo, & E. Teague (Eds.), The global encyclopedia of informality, Vol. 1 (pp. 62–64). UCL Press.
  • Rispel, L. C., de Jager, P., & Fonn, S. (2016). Exploring corruption in the South African health sector. Health Policy and Planning, 31(2), 239–249. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czv047
  • Sayfutdinova, L. (2018). 1.14 Tapş (Azerbaijan). In A. Ledeneva, A. Bailey, S. Barron, C. Costanzo, & E. Teague (Eds.), The global encyclopedia of informality, Vol. 1 (pp. 82–85). UCL Press.
  • Shabbir, G., & Anwar, M. (2007). Determinants of corruption in developing countries. The Pakistan Development Review, 46(4), 751–764.
  • Sharma, S., Singhal, S., & Tarp, F. (2021). Corruption and mental health: Evidence from Vietnam. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 185, 125–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo. 2021.02.008Sonan, S., & Gokcekus, O. (2022). The northern part of Cyprus: Corruption barometer2021.
  • Swamy, A., Knack, S., Lee, Y., & Azfar, O. (2001). Gender and corruption. Journal of Development Economics, 64, 25–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3878(00)00123-1
  • Turaeva, R. (2018). 1.11 Tanish-bilish (Uzbekistan). In A. Ledeneva, A. Bailey, S. Barron, C. Costanzo, & E. Teague (Eds.), The global encyclopedia of informality, Vol. 1 (pp. 71–74). UCL Press.
  • van Deurzen, I. (2017). And justice for all: Examining corruption as a contextual source of mental illness. Social Science & Medicine, 173, 26–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.11.033
  • Vian, T. (2008). Review of corruption in the health sector: Theory, methods and intervention. Health Policy and Planning, 23(2), 83–94. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czm048 Vrushi, J. (2020). Global Corruption Barometer - Asia, 10. Transparency International.
  • Yang, M. (2018). 1.12 Guanxi (China). In A. Ledeneva, A. Bailey, S. Barron, C. Costanzo, & E. Teague (Eds.), The Global Encyclopedia of Informality, Vol. 1 (pp. 75–79). UCL Press.
  • Zheng, J. D., Schram, A., & Doğan, G. (2020). Friend or foe? Social ties in bribery and corruption. Experimental Economics, 24, 854–882. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10683-020-09683-7
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Policy and Administration (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Omer Gokcekus 0000-0001-8109-5918

Publication Date June 29, 2024
Submission Date May 30, 2024
Acceptance Date June 10, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

APA Gokcekus, O. (2024). Navigating Public Health Services: Personal Connections vs. Bribes in the Northern Part of Cyprus. Journal of Health Systems and Policies, 6(1), 79-102. https://doi.org/10.52675/jhesp.1492478

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