Effect of mood changes on food intake and preferences

Abstract

Objective: Mood is one of the factors affecting food intake. This study aims to determine the effect of changing moods on food preferences and intakes. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted with a total of 511 participants, 311 women and 200 men, studying at a state university between February and April 2023. A data collection form was created by the researchers to determine the demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements (height, weight, body mass index) of individuals and their food preferences and food intakes in different moods. The data were collected through a free online platform, analyzed and evaluated in the SPSS 25.0 package program. Results: It was found that the changes in the mood of the majority of the participants affected their food preferences, and this rate was significantly higher in women than in men (p=0.00). Eating attitudes were stable or increased in happy or safe mood, but there was no difference according to gender (p>0.05). When feeling sad, men (50.7%) eat less than women (45%) (p=0.00). While depressed, packaged foods are preferred the most, and this was found to be higher in women than in men (p=0.00). It was determined that women (47.0%) preferred home-cooked meals more than men when they felt safe (p=0.00). While happy, men consume more fast food than women, and women consume more sweets than men (p=0.00). Conclusion: Different moods may affect food intake and food preferences in different ways in men and women.

Keywords

• Food intake;
• food preferences
• mood
• nutrition

Duygu durum değişikliklerinin besin alımı ve tercihlerine etkisi

Öz

Amaç: Duygu durumu besin alımını etkileyen faktörlerden biridir. Bu çalışma, çalışma değişen duygu durumlarının bireylerin besin tercihlerine ve besin alımlarına olan etkisini belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma, Şubat –Nisan 2023 tarihleri arasında bir devlet üniversitesinde öğrenim gören 311 kadın, 200 erkek olmak üzere toplam 511 katılımcı ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırmacılar tarafından bireylerin demografik özellikleri, antropometrik ölçümleri (boy, ağırlık, beden kütle indeksi) ile farklı duygu durumlarında besin tercihlerini ve besin alımlarını belirlemeyi amaçlayan sorulardan veri toplama formu oluşturulmuştur. Veriler ücretsiz online bir platform aracılığıyla toplanmış, SPSS 25 paket programında analiz edilip değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Katılımcıların büyük çoğunluğunun duygu durumlarındaki değişikliklerinin besin tercihlerini etkilediği, kadınlarda ise bu oranın erkeklere göre anlamlı şekilde daha fazla olduğu bulunmuştur (p=0.00). Mutlu veya güvenli duygu durumunda yeme düzeni sabit veya artarken cinsiyete göre farklılık yoktur (p>0.05). Üzgün hissettiklerinde erkekler (%50.7) kadınlara göre (%45) daha az yemek yemektedir (p=0.00). Depresif iken en fazla paketli gıdalar tercih edilmekte, bu durum kadınlarda erkeklere göre fazla bulunmuştur (p=0.00). Güvenli hissettiklerinde kadınların (%47.0) erkeklere oranla daha fazla ev yemekleri tercih ettikleri saptanmıştır (p=0.00). Mutlu iken erkekler kadınlara göre daha fazla fast food, kadınlar ise erkeklere göre daha fazla tatlı tüketmektedir (p=0.00). Sonuç: Farklı duygu durumları besin alımını ve besin tercihlerini kadınlarda ve erkeklerde farklı şekillerde etkileyebilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Beslenme
• besin alımı
• besin tercihi
• duygu durum

Kaynakça

1. American Psychologıcal Association (APA). Dictionary of Psycology. https://dictionary.apa.org/emotion , Erişim: 19.05.2023
2. Türkiye’ye Özgü Besin ve Beslenme Rehberi (TÜBER). 2015. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Yayın No: 1031 , Ankara 2016.
3. Karakuş SŞ, Yıldırım H, Büyüköztürk Ş. Üç faktörlü yeme ölçeğinin Türk kültürüne uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin. 2016; 15(3): 229-237. https://doi.org/10.5455/pmb.1-1446540396
4. French SA, Epstein LH, Jeffery RW, Blundell JE, Wardle J. Eating behavior dimensions. Associations with energy intake and body weight. A review. Appetite. 2012; 59(2): 541-549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2012.07.001
5. AlAmmar WA, Albeesh FH, Khattab RY. Food and mood: The corresponsive effect. Current Nutrition Reports. 2020; 9(3): 296-308. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13668-020-00331-3
6. Öyekçin DG, Deveci A. Yeme bağımlılığının etyolojisi. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. 2012; 4(2): 138-153. https://doi.org/10.5455/cap.20120409
7. Geliebter A, Aversa A. Emotional eating in over weight, normal weight and under weight individuals. Eating behaviors. 2003; 3(4): 341-347. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1471-0153(02)00100-9
8. Konttinen H, Männistö S, Sarlio-Lähteenkorva S, Silventoinen K, Haukkala A. Emotional eating, depressive symptoms and self-reportedfoodconsumption. Apopulation- based study. Appetite. 2010; 54(3): 473-479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2010.01.014

9. Demirel B, Yavuz FK, Karadere ME, Şafak Y, Türkçapar MH. Duygusal İştah Anketi'nin (EMAQ) Güvenirliği ve Geçerliliği ile Beden Kitle İndeksi ve Duygusal Şemalarla İlişkisi. Bilişsel-Davranışsal Psikoterapi ve Araştırma Dergisi 2015; 3 (3): 171-171.
10. American Psychiatric Association D. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. Washington, DC: American psychiatric association. 2013. Vol. 5, No. 5.
11. Guerrero-Hreins E, Stammers L, Wong L, Brown RM, Sumithran PA. comparison of emotional triggers for eating in men and women with obesity. Nutrients. 2022; 14(19): 4144. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14194144
12. Elizabeth L, Machado P, Zinöcker M, Baker P, Lawrence M. Ultra- processed foods and health outcomes: a narrative review. Nutrients. 2020; 12(7): 1955. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12071955
13. Lazarevich I, Camacho MEI, del Consuelo Velázquez-Alva M, Zepeda MZ. Relationship among obesity, depression, and emotional eating in young adults. Appetite.2016; 107: 639-644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2016.09.011
14. Özgen L, Kinaci B, Arlı M. Eating attitudes and behaviors of adolescents. Ankara University Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences (JFES). 2012; 45(1): 229-248. https://doi.org/10.1501/Egifak_0000001243
15. Lazarevich I, Irigoyen-Camacho ME, del Consuelo Velázquez-Alva M, Salinas- Ávila J. Psychometric characteristics of the Eating and Appraisal Due to Emotions and Stress Questionnaire and obesity in Mexican university students. Nutricion Hospitalaria. 2015; 31(6): 2437-2444. https://doi.org/10.3305/nh.2015.31.6.8960
16. Van Strien T, Cebolla A, Etchemendy E, Gutierrez-Maldonado J, Ferrer-Garcia M, Botella C, et al. Emotional eating and food intake after sadness and joy. Appetite. 2013; 66: 20-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2013.02.016
17. Evers C, Adriaanse M, de Ridder DT, de Witt Huberts JC. Good mood food. Positive emotion as a neglected trigger for food intake. Appetite. 2013; 68: 1-7.
18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2013.04.007
19. Ashurst J, Van Woerden I, Dunton G, Todd M, Ohri-Vachaspati P, Swan P, et al. The association among emotions and food choices in first-year college students using mobile-ecological momentary assessments. BMC Public Health. 2018; 18(1): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5447-0
20. Macht M. Characteristics of eating in anger, fear, sadness and joy. Appetite. 1999; 33(1): 129-139. https://doi.org/10.1006/appe.1999.0236
21. Guerrero-Hreins E, Stammers L, Wong L, Brown RM, Sumithran PA. Comparison of Emotional Triggers for Eating in Men and Women with Obesity. Nutrients. 2022; 14(19): 4144. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14194144
22. Braden A, Musher-Eizenman D, Watford T, Emley E. Eating when depressed, anxious, bored, or happy: are emotional eating types associated with unique psychological and physical health correlates? Appetite. 2018; 125: 410-417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2018.02.022
23. Braden A, Barnhart WR, Kalantzis M, Redondo R, Dauber A, Anderson L, et al. Eating when depressed, anxious, bored, or happy: An examination in treatment-seeking adults with overweight/obesity. Appetite. 2023; 184: 106510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2023.106510
24. Errisuriz VL, Pasch KE, Perry CL. Perceived stress and dietary choices: The moderating role of stress management. Eating behaviors. 2016; 22: 211-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2016.06.008