Doğumun Görünmeyen Yüzü: Obstetrik Şiddet

Öz

Tüm kadınların saygılı, bireyselleştirilmiş, güvenli, kabul edilebilir ve yüksek kaliteli sağlık hizmetlerine erişmesi temel hakkıdır. Doğum ve gebelik kadınları hem olumlu hem de olumsuz yönden etkileyen, kadınların en savunmasız olduğu, yardım ve bakıma ihtiyaç duyduğu en önemli anlardan biridir. Buna rağmen dünya genelinde sağlık kurumlarında üreme sağlığı ve doğum hizmetleri sırasında kadınlara yönelik ihmal, istismar ve saygısız muamelelerde bulunulduğu dile getirilmektedir. Bu muameleler obstetrik şiddet olarak adlandırılmaktadır. “Obstetrik şiddet” yeni bir kavram olmasına rağmen tarih olarak eski ve özellikle ülkemizde görmezden gelinen, konuşulmayan ve dikkate alınmayan bir insan hakları sorunudur. Son yıllarda obstetrik şiddet ile ilgili araştırmalar artmış olsa da istenilen düzeyde olmadığından problemin tanımlanması, geçerlilik güvenilirliği ve çözümlerin belirlenmesi konusunda tam fikir birliğine varılamadığı görülmektedir. Dolayısıyla ulusal ve uluslararası yapılan çalışmalar incelenerek obstetrik şiddetin tanımı, tarihi, türleri, sıklığı, kadınların deneyimleri, altında yatan faktörler, olası sonuçları, ebelik bakımı gibi birçok konuya değinilmiştir. Obstetrik şiddetin önlenmesi için stratejilerin, akademik eğitim, kadınların bilinçlendirilmesi, cinsel ve üreme haklarına saygılı bir bakımın sağlanmasını garantileyecek ortak bir çaba içinde yasa ve politikaların geliştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu derleme “obstetrik şiddet” kavramını somutlaştırmak, kadınların doğumda yaşadıklarını kavramsallaştırmak, doğum sırasında primer bakım verici rol üstlenen biz ebelere düşen sorumlulukları belirlemek, obstetrik şiddeti en aza indirmek ve saygılı, insancıl, kaliteli bakımı iyileştirmek için farkındalık oluşturmada etkili olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ebelik
• doğum deneyimi
• kadın
• obstetrik şiddet

The Invisible Face of Birth: Obstetric Violence

Abstract

Access to respectful, individualized, safe, acceptable, and high-quality healthcare services is a fundamental right for all women. Childbirth and pregnancy represent critical moments when women are particularly vulnerable and in need of assistance and care, impacting them both positively and negatively. Despite this, reports indicate that women experience neglect, abuse, and disrespectful treatment in healthcare institutions worldwide during reproductive health and childbirth services. Such maltreatment is referred to as obstetric violence. Although the term “obstetric violence” is relatively new, it is an age-old human rights issue that has been overlooked, silenced, and disregarded, particularly in our country. While research on obstetric violence has increased in recent years, there remains a lack of consensus regarding the definition of the problem, its validity and reliability, and the identification of solutions. Consequently, this review examines various aspects of obstetric violence, including its definition, history, types, prevalence, women’s experiences, underlying factors, potential consequences, and midwifery care, by analyzing national and international studies. To prevent obstetric violence, there is a need for a collaborative effort to implement laws and policies that ensure academic training, raise awareness among women, and guarantee care that respects sexual and reproductive rights. This review aims to concretize the concept of “obstetric violence,” conceptualize the experiences of women during childbirth, delineate the responsibilities of midwives who assume primary caregiving roles during delivery, minimize obstetric violence, and enhance awareness for the improvement of respectful, humane, and quality care.

Keywords

• midwifery
• childbirth experience
• woman
• obstetric violence

Kaynakça

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