Nutrition knowledge levels and nutritional supplement beliefs of professional karate athletes

Year 2023, , 51 - 58, 12.01.2023

Pınar Göbel

https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1198884

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the nutritional knowledge levels, nutritional supplement belief levels, and body mass indexes of professional karate athletes.
Material and Method: Professional karate athletes (1st Dan and above) attending various karate schools in the province of Ankara, Turkey, and volunteering to participate in the study were included in the study. A total of 106 sportspeople, 52 male and 54 female, with an age average of 24.08±6.54 years, participated in the study. The participants answered the Nutrition for Sports Knowledge Questionnaire and the Sports Supplements Belief Scale questions after the questionnaire in which their demographic and anthropometric characteristics were questioned.
Results: When the sportspeople’s average nutrition knowledge level was examined, it was determined that they are at a weak level of knowledge (34.18±13.84) and that they are less prone to using doping and similar banned nutritional supplements (17.79±9.01) in terms of their approach to sports nutritional supplements. No statistically significant difference was found in terms of the sports supplements belief scale and the nutrition for sports knowledge questionnaire based on the sportspeople’s sex, age, karate categories, training duration, and BMI (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Adequate and balanced nutrition habits are very important for sportspeople to have good physical performance as well as health. Clubs, coaches and sportspeople seeking success in national and international fields should cooperate with a nutrition expert. 

Keywords

Combat sports nutrition, karate sports nutrition, nutrition knowledge, sports supplement, body mass index

References

• Ko YJ, Kim YK. Martial arts participation: Consumer motivation. Int J Sports Mark 2010; 11: 2-20.
• Franchini E, Cormack S, Takito MY. Effects of high-intensity interval training on olympic combat sports athletes' performance and physiological adaptation: A systematic review. Journal Strength Cond Res 2019; 33: 242-52.
• Moenig U. Early Korean martial arts manuals: Recorded evidence of the origins of taekwondo in karate. Ido movement for culture. J Martial Arts Anthrop 2022; 22: 41-57.
• Thomas RE, Ornstein J. Injuries in karate: systematic review. Phys Sportsmed 2018; 46: 279-303.
• Popadic Gacesa JZ, Barak OF, Grujic NG. Maximal anaerobic power test in athletes of different sport disciplines. J Strength and Cond Res 2009; 23: 751-5.
• Jeukendrup AE. Periodized Nutrition for Athletes. Sports Med 2017; 47: 51-63.
• Devlin BL, Leveritt MD, Kingsley M, Belski R. Dietary intake, body composition, and nutrition knowledge of Australian football and soccer players: Implications for Sports Nutrition Professionals in Practice. Int J Sport Nutr and Exerc Metab 2017; 27: 130-8.
• Mielgo-Ayuso J, Maroto-Sánchez B, Luzardo-Socorro R, Palacios G, Gil-Antuñano NP, González-Gross M, Exernet Study Group. Evaluation of nutritional status and energy expenditure in athletes. Nutr Hosp 2015; 31: 227-36.
• Bentley MR, Patterson LB, Mitchell N, Backhouse SH. Athlete perspectives on the enablers and barriers to nutritional adherence in high-performance sport. Psychol Sport Exerc 2021; 52: 101831.
• Bentley MR, Mitchell N, Backhouse SH. Sports nutrition interventions: a systematic review of behavioural strategies used to promote dietary behaviour change in athletes. Appetite 2020; 150: 104645.
• Spronk I, Heaney SE, Prvan T, O'Connor HT. Relationship between general nutrition knowledge and dietary quality in elite athletes. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2015; 25: 243-51.
• Jenner SL, Trakman G, Coutts A. Dietary intake of professional Australian football athletes surrounding body composition assessment. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2018; 15: 43.
• Spendlove JK, Heaney SE , Gifford JA, Prvan T, Denyer GS, O'Connor HT. Evaluation of general nutrition knowledge in elite Australian athletes. Br J Nutr, 2012; 107: 1871-80.
• Trakman GL, Forsyth A, Devlin BL, Belski R. A systematic review of athletes’ and coaches’ nutrition knowledge and reflections on the quality of current nutrition knowledge measures. Nutrients 2016; 8: 570.
• Kerksick CM, Wilborn CD, Roberts MD, et al. ISSN Exercise & Sports Nutrition Review Update: Research & Recommendations. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2018; 15: 1-57.
• Maughan RJ, Burke LM, Dvorak J, et al. IOC consensus statement: dietary supplements and the high-performance athlete. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2018; 28: 104-25.
• Trakman GL, Forsyth A, Hoye R, Belski R. The nutrition for sport knowledge questionnaire (NSKQ): development and validation using classical test theory and Rasch analysis. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2017; 14: 1-11.
• Hurst P, Foad A, Coleman D, Beedie C. Development and validation of the sports supplements beliefs scale. Perform Enhanc Health 2017; 5: 89-97.
• WHO. Measuring Obesity Classification and Description of Anthropometric Data. Report on WHO Consultation on The Epidemiology of Obesity, World Health Organisation. 1987.
• Çırak O, Çakıroğlu FP. The Validity and Reliability Study of The Turkish Form of The Sports Nutrition Knowledge Scale. J Ankara Health Sci 2019; 1: 35-49.
• Karanfil AY, Ulaş M, Atay E. Sports supplement belief scale: reliability and validity studies for students studying sports sciences field at university. Gazi J Phys Educ Sports Sci 2019; 26: 17-31.
• Maughan RJ, Shirreffs SM. Nutrition for sports performance: issues and opportunities. Proc Nutr Soc 2012; 71: 112-9.
• Lohman R, Carr A, Condo D. Nutritional intake in Australian Football Players: sports nutrition knowledge and macronutrient and micronutrient intake. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab, 2019; 29: 289-96.
• Heikkilä M, Valve R, Lehtovirta M, Forgelholm M. Development of a nutrition knowledge questionnaire for young endurance athletes and their coaches. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 28: 873-80.
• Miškulin I, Šašvari A, Dumić A, et al. The general nutrition knowledge of professional athletes. Hrana U Zdravlju I Bolesti: Znanstveno-Stručni Časopis Za Nutricionizam I Dijetetiku 2019; 8: 25-32.
• Boumosleh JM, El Hage C, Farhat A. Sports nutrition knowledge and perceptions among professional basketball athletes and coaches in Lebanon-a cross-sectional study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehab 2021; 13: 1-19.
• McCrink CM, McSorley EM, Grant K, McNeilly AM, Magee PJ. An Investigation of dietary intake, nutrition knowledge and hydration status of Gaelic football players. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60: 1465-73.
• Tirla A, Islam F, Islam MR, Ioana Vicas, S, Cavalu S. New insight and future perspectives on nutraceuticals for improving sports performance of combat players: Focus on natural supplements, importance and advantages over synthetic ones. Appl Sci 2022; 12: 8611.
• Mazzeo F. Attitude and practice of substance misuse and dietary supplements to improve performance in sport. J Subst Use 2019; 24: 581-6.
• Wiens K, Erdman KA, Stadnyk M, Parnell JA. Dietary supplement usage, motivation, and education in young Canadian athletes. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2014; 24: 613-22.
• Aguilar-Navarro M, Muñoz-Guerra J, Plata MDM, Del Coso J. Validation of a questionnaire to study the prevalence of nutritional supplements used by elite Spanish athletes. Nutr Hosp 2018; 35: 1366-71.
• Kreider RB, Kalman DS, Antonio J, et al. International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: safety and efficacy of creatine supplementation in exercise, sport, and medicine. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2017; 14: 1-18.
• Mielgo-Ayuso J, Calleja-Gonzalez J, Marqués-Jiménez D, Caballero-García A, Córdova A, Fernández-Lázaro D. Effects of creatine supplementation on athletic performance in soccer players: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients 2019; 11: 757.
• Claudino JG, Mezêncio B, Amaral S, et al. Creatine monohydrate supplementation on lower-limb muscle power in Brazilian elite soccer players. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2014; 11: 1-6.
• Fielding R, Riede L, Lugo JP, Bellamine A. L-carnitine supplementation in recovery after exercise. Nutrients 2018; 10: 349.