The relationship between nutritional status, anthropometric measurements and hemogram parameters in preobese and obese women before and after menopause

Year 2021, Volume: 4 Issue: 4, 498 - 504, 15.07.2021

Fatih Özçelik , Çağlar Karaman , Alpaslan Tanoğlu , Ali İmran Daştan , İlber Kayra Özçelik

https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.942999

Abstract

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to reveal the extent to which they meet their daily energy and nutrient needs and the relationship with the development of anemia by examining the dietary records of women in the premenopausal and postmenopausal periods.
Material and Methods: Obese women participating in the study were divided into two groups according to premenopause (36-45 years old) and postmenopause (46-73 years old). Anthropometric measurements and nutritional status were evaluated. Serum glucose, BUN, creatinine, lipid profile, AST/ALT, iron, ferritin, vitamin B12, TSH, free T4, vitamin D and hemogram parameters of all participants were recorded.
Results: The waist circumference of 67.5% of the women in the premenopausal group and 75% of the women in the postmenopausal group were above 88 cm. The BUN and HDL levels of premenopausal women were found to be lower than those in the postmenopausal period (BUN:10.6±3.51 vs 15.06±4.96 mg/dL and HDL:54.1±9.1 vs 59.3±13.5 m/dL, P<0.05, respectively). Premenopausal women had lower blood ferritin levels and higher total-iron binding capacity (TIBC) compared to postmenopausal women (Ferritin:15.8±11.5 ng/mL vs 33.5±25.4 and TIBC:311.12±61.7 vs 287.50±41.93 μg/dL; P<0.05). One of the important results of the study was the higher levels for vitamin D, AST and ALT in women in the post-menopausal period (P<0.05).
Conclusion: It was determined that obese women in the premenopausal period did not receive enough iron and vitamin D to meet their needs. For this reason, daily dietary consumption should be adjusted accordingly, and lifestyle changes should be made to acquire healthy eating habits.

Keywords

anemia, menapouse, nutrition, obesity

References

• Group TECW. Nutrition and reproduction in women. Hum Reprod Update 2006 ; 12: 193–207.
• Tanoglu A, Kara M. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-related cardiovascular risk: Is there an association with blood hemoglobin levels? Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 27: 1126-9.
• Davis SR, Castelo-Branco C, Chedraui P, Lumsden MA, Nappi RE, Shah D, et al. Understanding weight gain at menopause. Climacteric 2012; 15: 419–29.
• Sternfeld B, Wang H, Quesenberry CP, et al. Physical activity and changes in weight and waist circumference in midlife women: Findings from the study of women’s health the nation. Am J Epidemiol 2004; 160: 912–22.
• Karvonen-Gutierrez C, Kim C. Association of mid-life changes in body size, body composition and obesity status with the menopausal transition. Healthcare 2016; 4: 42.
• Bacon JL. The Menopausal transition. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2017; 44: 285–96.
• Bayen S, Le Grand C, Bayen M, Richard F, Messaadi N. Anemia management in non-menopausal women in a primary care setting: a prospective evaluation of clinical practice. BMC Fam Pract 2020; 21: 13.
• Alam F, Memon AS, Fatima SS. Increased body mass index may lead to hyperferritinemia irrespective of body iron stores. Pakistan J Med Sci 2015; 31: 1521–6.
• Pekcan G, Şanlıer N, Baş M, editors. Turkey Dietary Guidelines. Ministery of Turkey Health Publication No: 1046; 2016.
• Manore MM, Meacham SL. New dietary reference intakes set for energy, carbohydrates, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, proteins, and amino acidss. ACSMs Health Fit J 2003; 7: 25–7.
• Edwards BJ, Li J. Endocrinology of menopause. Periodontol 2000 2013; 61: 177–94.
• Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology U of CS of M. HHS Public Access. Menopausal symptoms and their management. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2015; 44: 497.
• Topçu S, Şimşek Orhon F, Ulukol B, Başkan S. Secular trends in height, weight and body mass index of primary school children in Turkey between 1993 and 2016. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2017; 30: 1177–86.
• Saydam BK, Genc RE, Sarac F, Turfan EC. Prevalence of anemia and related factors among women in Turkey. Pakistan J Med Sci 2017; 33: 433–8.
• Fishman SM, Christian P, West KP. The role of vitamins in the prevention and control of anaemia. Public Health Nutr 2000; 3: 125–50.
• Schwarz S, Völzke H, Alte D, et al. Menopause and determinants of quality of life in women at midlife and beyond: the study of health in pomerania (SHIP). Menopause 2007; 14: 123–34.
• World Health Organization. Preventing chronic diseases: a vital investment: WHO global report. Geneva (CH); 2005.
• Sullivan DH, Sullivan SC, Bopp MM, Roberson PK, Lensing SY. BUN as an Independent Predictor of Post-Hospital-Discharge Mortality among Older Veterans. J Nutr Heal Aging 2018; 22: 759–65.
• Wernly B, Lichtenauer M, Vellinga NAR, et al. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) independently predicts mortality in critically ill patients admitted to ICU: A multicenter study. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2018; 69: 123–31.
• Bakris GL, Ritz E. The message for World Kidney Day 2009: hypertension and kidney disease: a marriage that should be prevented. Vol. 75, Kidney international. United States; 2009. p. 449–52.
• Testani JM, Cappola TP, Brensinger CM, Shannon RP, Kimmel SE. Interaction Between Loop Diuretic-Associated Mortality and Blood Urea Nitrogen Concentration in Chronic Heart Failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011; 58: 375–82.
• Zwald ML, Akinbami LJ, Fakhouri THI, Fryar CD. Prevalence of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol among adults, by physical activity: United States, 2011-2014. NCHS Data Brief 2017; 276: 1–8.
• de Almeida Ventura D, de Matos Fonseca V, Ramos EG, et al. Association between quality of the diet and cardiometabolic risk factors in postmenopausal women. Nutr J 2014; 13: 121.
• Jull J, Stacey D, Beach S, et al. Lifestyle Interventions Targeting Body Weight Changes during the Menopause Transition: A Systematic Review. J Obes 2014; 2014: 1–16.
• Ko SH, Kim HS. Menopause-associated lipid metabolic disorders and foods beneficial for postmenopausal women. Nutrients 2020; 12.
• El Khoudary SR. HDL and the menopause. Curr Opin Lipidol 2017; 28: 328–36.
• Ambikairajah A, Walsh E, Cherbuin N. Lipid profile differences during menopause: A review with meta-analysis. Menopause 2019; 26: 1327–33.
• Turkey’s health ministry. Turkey Nutrition and Health Survey 2019 (Türkiye beslenme ve sağlık araştırması (TBSA)). Ministry of Turkey Health Publication No: 1132; 2019.
• Matsui S, Yasui T, Kasai K, et al. Changes of liver enzymes and triglyceride during the menopausal transition in Japanese women. J Obstet Gynaecol (Lahore) 2016; 36: 806–11.
• Rinella ME. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review. JAMA 2015 ; 313: 2263–73.
• Gibson RS. Principles of nutritional assessment. Oxford university press, USA; 2005.
• Jian J, Pelle E, Huang X. Iron and menopause: does increased iron affect the health of postmenopausal women? Antioxid Redox Signal 2009; 11: 2939–43.
• Lerche CM, Philipsen PA, Wulf HC. UVR: sun, lamps, pigmentation and vitamin D. Photochem Photobiol Sci Off J Eur Photochem Assoc Eur Soc Photobiol 2017; 16: 291–301.
• Fidan F, Alkan BM, Tosun A. Pandemic era: vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency. Turk J Osteoporos 2014; 20: 71–4.
• Smith EM, Tangpricha V. Vitamin D and anemia. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2015; 22: 432–8.
• Hansen KE, Johnson MG. An update on vitamin D for clinicians. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2016; 23: 440–4.
• Lerchbaum E. Vitamin D and menopause - A narrative review. Maturitas 2014; 79: 3–7.
• Kurosawa S, Iwama A. Aging and leukemic evolution of hematopoietic stem cells under various stress conditions. Inflamm Regen 2020; 40: 29.
• Milman N, Kirchhoff M. Iron stores in 1359, 30- to 60-year-old Danish women: Evaluation by serum ferritin and hemoglobin. Ann Hematol 1992; 64: 22–7.
• Mansour D, Hofmann A, Gemzell-Danielsson K. A review of clinical guidelines on the management of iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia in women with heavy menstrual bleeding. Adv Ther 2020; 1–25.