Overview of blood-borne viral infections in hemodialysis patients: hepatitis B, hepatitis C, human immunodeficiency virus infections

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 195 - 200, 17.01.2022

Pinar Ergen , Özlem Aydın , Ayse Naciye Erbakan , Sabahat Alışır Ejder

https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.991215

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to examine the blood-borne viral infections such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and to determine the risk factors in hemodialysis patients.
Material and Method: The datas of patients who underwent hemodialysis in the hemodialysis unit of our hospital between March 1, 2020 and March 1, 2021 were reviewed retrospectively. Their sociodemographic characteristics, habits, underlying diseases and virological indicators related to hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV were obtained from patient files and hospital data processing system.
Results:A total of 96 patients were included in the study. Of them, 43.8% (n=42) were female and 56.2% (n=54) were male. Their mean age was 62.61±18.11 years, ranging from 17 to 92. The duration of dialysis was less than 3 months for 46.9% (n=45) of the patients, between 3 months and 3 years for 19.8% (n=19), and 3 years and above for 33.3% (n=32). Thirty patients (31.3%) had diabetes mellitus. In addition, 1% (n=1) of the patients had HBsAg positivity, 3.1% (n=3) had anti-HCV positivity, 59.4% (n=57) had Anti- HBs positivity and 2.1% (n=2) had anti-HIV positivity. No statistically significant difference was found between the patients’ HBsAg, anti-HCV and anti-HIV positivity according to gender, duration of dialysis, dialysis application site, alcohol use, surgical intervention and blood transfusion history (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Hemodialysis patients may be at risk for hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV infection if infection control guidelines are not followed strictly. In addition to complying with these guidelines, both health workers and patients should be trained constantly, patients’ virological indicators should be tested regularly and hepatitis B vaccine should be administered to hemodialysis patients without seroconversion.

Keywords

Hemodialysis, HBV,, HCV, HIV

References

• Schweitzer A, Horn J, Mikolajczyk RT, Krause G, Ott JJ. Estimations of worldwide prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection: a systematic review of data published between 1965 and 2013. Lancet 2015; 386: 1546-55.
• Sırmatel F, Sırmatel Ö, Usalan C, et al. Hemodiyaliz hastalarında viral hepatit B ve C seroprevalansı. İnfeksiyon Derg 2008; 22: 23-8.
• Cornberg M, Razavi HA, Alberti A, et al. A systematic review of hepatitis C virus epidemiology in Europe, Canada and Israel. Liver Int 2011; 31: 30-60.
• Çopur Çiçek A, Şahin İ H, Topaloğlu MK, et al. Rize ilinde hemodiyaliz hastalarında HBsAg, anti-HBs veanti-HCV seroprevalansı. Viral Hepat J 2013; 19: 15-8.
• HIV-AIDS İstatistik, T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü Bulaşıcı Hastalıklar ve Erken Uyarı Daire Başkanlığı. https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/tr/bulasici-hastaliklar/hiv-aids/hiv-aids-liste/hiv-aids-istatislik.html, Accessed 31 August 2021.
• Türkiye 2015 Yılı Ulusal Nefroloji, Diyaliz ve Transplantasyon Kayıt Sistemi Raporu. Türkiye’de Nefroloji, Diyaliz ve Transplantasyon. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı ve Türk Nefroloji. Derneği Ortak Raporu https://www.nefroloji.org.tr/folders/file/2015_REGISTRY_kontrol_v2.pdf, Accessed 31 August 2021.
• Parry J. At last a global response to viral hepatitis. Bull World Health Organ 2010; 88: 801-2.
• HIV/AIDS, World Health Organization.https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids , Accessed 31 August 2021.
• Betjes MG. Immune cell dysfunction and inflammation in end-stage renal disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2013; 9: 255-65.
• Kato S, Chmielewski M, Honda H, et al. Aspects of immune dysfunction in end-stage renal disease. Clin J Am SocNephrol 2008; 3: 1526-33.
• Sarnak MJ, Jaber BL. Mortality caused by sepsis in patients with end-stage renal disease compared with the general population. Kidney Int 2000; 58: 1758-64.
• Saran R, Robinson B, Abbott KC, et al. US Renal Data System 2019 Annual Data Report: Epidemiology of Kidney Disease in the United States. Am J Kidney Dis 2020; 7: A6-A7.
• Türkiye 2019 Yılı Ulusal Nefroloji, Diyaliz ve Transplantasyon Kayıt Sistemi Raporu. Türkiye’de Nefroloji, Diyaliz ve Transplantasyon. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı ve Türk Nefroloji. Derneği Ortak Raporu http://www.nefroloji.org.tr/folders/file/registry_2019.pdfISBN 978 - 605 - 62465 - 0 – 0 Ankara – 2020, Accessed 31 August 2021.
• Sayar M, Bulut D, Haykır Solay A. Van Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi’ndeki hemodiyaliz hastalarında HBV, HCV ve HİV serolojik İndikatörleri. Ankara Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Tıp Derg 2019; 52: 153-7.
• Temiz H, Kaya Ş, Berekatoğlu N, Temiz S, Danış R. Hemodiyaliz hastalarında HBV, HCV ve HIV seroprevalansı ve hepatit B aşılaması ile oluşan antikor cevabının değerlendirilmesi. Viral Hepat J 2013; 19: 140-3.
• Yüksel E, Kaya Ş, Günay E, Araç E. Seroprevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV in hemodialysis patients. Klimik Derg 2019; 32: 165-7.
• Asgin N, Satilmis S. Evaluation of hepatitis B virus and Hepatitis C virusfrequency in hemodialysis patients. Ann Med Res 2019; 26: 3007-11.
• Evirgen Ö, Önlen Y, Köksaldı Motor V, Mahsereci E, İnci M, Şahin Ş. Hatay ili hemodiyaliz hastalarında HBV, HCV seroprevalansı ve hepatit B aşılaması ile oluşan antikor cevabının değerlendirilmesi. Viral Hepatit J 2010; 16: 57-63.
• Eser Karlıdağ G, Küçüksu M, Demir M. HBsAg, anti-HBs, Anti-HCV and HIV seroprevalence in hemodialysis patients in Elazığ province. Viral Hepat J 2018; 24: 53-56.
• Güvenir M, Guler E, Oygar D, Behlul A, Suer K. Evaluating the prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV in hemodialysis patients in North Cyprus. Hepat Mon 2019; 19: e84699.
• M.R. Ibrahim N, Sidiq Mohammed Saleem Z, R Hussein N. The Prevalence of HIV, HCV, and HBV among hemodialysis patients attending Duhok Hemodialysis Center. Int J Infect 2018; 5: e63246.
• Hasanjani Roushan MR, Farokhtabar S, Bayani M, Siadati S. Epidemiological aspects of hepatitis B and C and human immunodeficiency viruses among hemodialysis patients in Mazandaran province, Iran. Nephrourol Mon 2016; 8: e37878.
• Mahupe P, Molefe-Baikai OJ, Saleshando G, Rwegerera GM. Prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis b and c among end-stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis in Gaborone, Botswana. Niger J ClinPract 2021; 24: 81-8.
• Lodhi A, Sajjad A, Mehmood K, et al. Profile and predictors of hepatitis and HIV infection in patients on hemodialysis of Quetta, Pakistan. Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics 2019; 13: 274-9.
• Guimarães MNC, Facincani T, Santos SSD. Hepatitis B status in hemodialysis patients. ArqGastroenterol 2017; 54: 356-8.
• Telaku S, Fejza H, Elezi Y, Bicaj T. Hepatitis B and C in dialysis units in Kosova. Virol J 2009; 6: 72.
• García Agudo R, Aoufi Rabih S, Barril Cuadrado G, et al. Spanish multicentre PIBHE study: prevalence and immunization of chronic hepatitis B in haemodialysis patients in Spain. Nefrologia 2016; 36: 126-32.
• Shepard CW, Finelli L, Alter MJ. Global epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection. Lancet Infect Dis 2005; 5: 558-67.
• Tozun N, Ozdogan O, Cakaloglu Y, et al. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C virus infections and risk factors in Turkey: a fieldwork TURHEP study. Clin Microbiol Infect 2015; 21: 1020-6.
• Dyer E. Argentinian doctors accused of spreading AIDS. BMJ. 1993; 307: 584.
• El Sayed NM, Gomatos PJ, Beck-Sagué CM, et al. Epidemic transmission of human immunodeficiency virus in renal dialysis centers in Egypt. J Infect Dis 2000; 181: 91-7.
• Krueger KM, Ison MG, Ghossein C. Practical Guide to Vaccination in all stages of CKD, including patients treated by dialysis or kidney transplantation. Am J Kidney Dis 2020; 75: 417-25.
• Kausz A, Pahari D. The value of vaccination in chronic kidney disease. Semin Dial 2004; 17: 9-11.
• Lewis-Ximenez LL, Oliveira JM, Mercadante LA, et al. Serological and vaccination profile of hemodialysis patients during an outbreak of hepatitis B virus infection. Nephron 2001; 87: 19-26.