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Subjective outcomes of female genital cosmetic procedures: a prospective study with a median follow-up of 18 months

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 5, 500 - 504, 27.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1519167

Abstract

Aims: To investigate the affects of labiaplasty and/or vaginoplasty on sexual function and satisfaction, as well as the potential to improve body image and genital self-image.
Methods: A total of 131 heterosexual sexually active women receiving either a vaginoplasty and/or labioplasty were included in the study population. Patients were subsequently divided into three groups: labioplasty (LP) (n=44), vaginoplasty (VP) (n=44), and labioplasty-vaginoplasty (LVP) (n=43) for statistical evaluation. All participants were administered preoperatively and postoperatively validated questionnaires including Body Image Scale (BIS); Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), Sexual Quality of Life Questionnaire-Female (SQOL-F), Female Sexual Distress Scale (FSDS), Female Genital Self-Image Scale (FGSIS), and Quality of Sexual Experience Scale (QSES).
Results: The median follow-up was 18 months after the female genital cosmetic procedure (FGCP). FGSIS, BIS, SQOL-F, QSES, and FSDS postoperative questionnaires total scores improved significantly in the LP, VP, and LVP groups. FSFI postoperative total scores improved among all groups, but no statistically significant difference was detected in the LP group, unlike the VP and LVP groups. No intraoperative complications occurred. Postoperative complications were detected in 2 (4.5%) women in the LP group and 1 (2.3%) woman in the LVP group. These complications were wound dehiscence (<1 cm) in the labiaplasty line and no reoperation was required.
Conclusion: This prospective study determined the curative effect of FGCP on body image, sexual quality, sexual distress, genital image, and sexual function.

Ethical Statement

Ethical committee approval was obtained from the local ethical committee (approval number: No:2022/514/240/7)

Supporting Institution

Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no confict of interest Funding The authors declare that no funds, Grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.

References

  • Sharp G, Maynard P, Hudaib AR, et al. Do genital cosmetic procedures improve women’s self-esteem? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Aesthet Surg J. 2020;40(10):1143-1151.
  • Erdogan G, Genis B, Bingol TY, et al. The effect of vaginoplasty on coping with stress, self-esteem, and sexual satisfaction in Turkish women: a cross-sectional controlled study. Eur J Plast Surg. 2022;45(6):951-957.
  • Hunter JG. Commentary on: Do genital cosmetic procedures improve women’s self-esteem? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Aesthet Surg J. 2020;40(10):1152-1153.
  • Chappell AG, Sasson DC, Soriano AJ, et al. Influence of self-perceived vulvar appearance on female sexual function. Aesthet Surg J. 2021;41(7):794-802.
  • Zielinski R, Miller J, Low LK, et al. The relationship between pelvic organ prolapse, genital body image, and sexual health. Neurourol Urodyn. 2012;31(7):1145-1148.
  • Goodman M, Fashler S, Miklos JR, et al. The sexual, psychological, and body image health of women undergoing elective vulvovaginal plastic/cosmetic procedures: a pilot study. Am J Cosmet Surg. 2011;28(4):219-226.
  • Köle E, Doğan O, Arslan G, et al. Labiaplasty outcomes and complications in Turkish women: a multicentric study. Int Urogynecol J. 2024;35(5):1045-1050.
  • Yassa M, Sargin MA, Dereli N, et al. The validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Quality of Sexual Experience Scale. Anadolu Psikiyatr Derg. 2020;21:48-55.
  • Ellibes Kaya A, Yassa M, Dogan O, et al. The Female Genital Self-Image Scale (FGSIS): cross-cultural adaptation and validation of psychometric properties within a Turkish population. Int Urogynecol J. 2019;30:89-99.
  • Aydın S, Onaran ÖI, Topalan K, et al. Development and validation of Turkish version of the female sexual distress scale-revised. Sex Med. 2016;4(1):e43-e50.
  • Tuğut N, Gölbaşı Z. Cinsel yaşam kalitesi ölçeği: kadın Türkçe versiyonunun geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Cumhur Med J. 2010;32(2):172-180.
  • Aygin D, Aslan FE. Kadin Cinsel İşlev Ölçegi’nin Türkçeye uyarlaması. Turk Klin J Med Sci. 2005;25(3):393-399.
  • Wiegel M, Meston C, Rosen R. The female sexual function index (FSFI): cross-validation and development of clinical cutoff scores. J Sex Marital Ther. 2005;31(1):1-20.
  • Herbenick D, Reece M. Outcomes assessment: development and validation of the female genital self-image scale. J Sex Med. 2010;7(5):1822-1830.
  • Sanders SA, Herbenick D, Reece M, et al. The development and validation of a brief Quality of Sexual Experience (QSE) scale: results from a nationally representative sample of men and women in the United States. J Sex Med. 2013;10(10):2409-2417.
  • Shaw D, Allen L, Chan C, et al. Guideline No. 423: Female genital cosmetic surgery and procedures. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2022;44(2):204-214.
  • Doğan O, Yassa M. Major motivators and sociodemographic features of women undergoing labiaplasty. Aesthet Surg J. 2019;39(12):NP517-NP27.
  • Bonell S, Barlow FK, Griffiths S. The cosmetic surgery paradox: Toward a contemporary understanding of cosmetic surgery popularisation and attitudes. Body Image. 2021;38:230-240.
  • Nwaoz B, Sinnott CJ, Kuruvilla A, et al. Outcomes after central wedge labiaplasty performed under general versus local anesthesia. Ann Plast Surg. 2021;87(1s):S17-S20.
  • Schnatz P, Boardman LA, Practice CoG. ACOG committee opinion number 795: elective female genital cosmetic surgery. Obstet Gynecol. 2020;135(1):e36.
  • Keramat A, Malary M, Moosazadeh M, et al. Factors influencing stress, anxiety, and depression among Iranian pregnant women: the role of sexual distress and genital self-image. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2021;21(1):1-12.
  • Benabe E, Fuentes Y, Roldan G, et al. The perceptions of female genital self‐image and its associations with female sexual distress. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2022;157(1):90-95.
  • Hailparn TR. How does labia minora labiaplasty surgery impact patients’ Perceptions of their genitals?[20B]. Obstet Gynecol. 2020;135:23S.
  • Eftekhar T, Hajibabaei M, Deldar Pesikhani M, et al. Sexual quality of life, female sexual function, female genital self-and body image among women requesting genital cosmetic surgery: a comparative study. Psychol Sex. 2019;10(2):94-100.
  • Dogan O, Ucar E, Yassa M. Does the surgical margin affect sexual function following linear labiaplasty technique? Aesthet Surg J. 2024;44(4):NP271-NP78.
  • Sahin F, Mihmanli V. The impact of labiaplasty on sexuality. Ginekol Pol. 2023. doi: 10.5603/gpl.94975

Kadınlarda genital kozmetik işlemlerinin subkektif sonuçları: ortalama 18 aylık takip süresi ile prospektif bir çalışma

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 5, 500 - 504, 27.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1519167

Abstract

Amaçlar: Labioplasti ve/veya vajinoplastinin cinsel işlev ve tatmin üzerindeki etkilerini ve ayrıca vücut ve genital benlik imajını iyileştirme potansiyelini araştırmak.
Yöntemler: Vajinoplasti ve/veya labioplasti ameliyatı geçiren toplam 131 heteroseksüel cinsel açıdan aktif kadın çalışma popülasyonuna dahil edildi. Hastalar daha sonra istatistiksel değerlendirme amacıyla Labioplasti (LP) (n=44), Vajinoplasti (VP) (n=44) ve Labioplasti-Vajinoplasti (LVP) (n=43) olmak üzere üç gruba ayrıldı. Tüm katılımcılara ameliyat öncesi ve ameliyat sonrası geçerliliği onaylanmış anketler uygulandı. Bu anketler; Beden İmaj Ölçeği (BIS); Kadın Cinsel İşlev İndeksi (FSFI), Kadın Cinsel Yaşam Kalitesi Anketi-Kadın (SQOL-F), Kadın Cinsel Sıkıntı Ölçeği (FSDS), Kadın Genital Benlik İmgesi Ölçeği (FGSIS) ve Cinsel Deneyim Kalitesi Ölçeği (QSES) ‘dir.
Bulgular: Kadın genital kozmetik prosedüründen (FGCP) sonra ortalama takip süresi 18 aydı. FGSIS, BIS, SQOL-F, QSES ve FSDS postoperatif anket toplam puanları LP, VP ve LVP gruplarında anlamlı düzeyde iyileşme gösterdi. FSFI ameliyat sonrası toplam skorları tüm gruplar arasında iyileşme gösterdi ancak VP ve LVP gruplarından farklı olarak LP grubunda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark tespit edilmedi. İntraoperatif komplikasyon gelişmedi. LP grubunda 2 (%4,5) kadında, LVP grubunda ise 1 (%2,3) kadında ameliyat sonrası komplikasyon tespit edildi. Bu komplikasyonlar arasında labioplasti hattında yara açılması (<1 cm) vardı ve yeniden ameliyat gerekmedi.
Sonuç: Bu prospektif çalışma, FGCP'nin vücut imajı, cinsel kalite, cinsel sıkıntı, genital imaj ve cinsel fonksiyon üzerindeki iyileştirici etkisini belirledi.

Ethical Statement

Ethical committee approval was obtained from the local ethical committee (approval number: No:2022/514/240/7)

Supporting Institution

The authors declare that they have no confict of interest. The authors declare that no funds, Grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.

References

  • Sharp G, Maynard P, Hudaib AR, et al. Do genital cosmetic procedures improve women’s self-esteem? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Aesthet Surg J. 2020;40(10):1143-1151.
  • Erdogan G, Genis B, Bingol TY, et al. The effect of vaginoplasty on coping with stress, self-esteem, and sexual satisfaction in Turkish women: a cross-sectional controlled study. Eur J Plast Surg. 2022;45(6):951-957.
  • Hunter JG. Commentary on: Do genital cosmetic procedures improve women’s self-esteem? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Aesthet Surg J. 2020;40(10):1152-1153.
  • Chappell AG, Sasson DC, Soriano AJ, et al. Influence of self-perceived vulvar appearance on female sexual function. Aesthet Surg J. 2021;41(7):794-802.
  • Zielinski R, Miller J, Low LK, et al. The relationship between pelvic organ prolapse, genital body image, and sexual health. Neurourol Urodyn. 2012;31(7):1145-1148.
  • Goodman M, Fashler S, Miklos JR, et al. The sexual, psychological, and body image health of women undergoing elective vulvovaginal plastic/cosmetic procedures: a pilot study. Am J Cosmet Surg. 2011;28(4):219-226.
  • Köle E, Doğan O, Arslan G, et al. Labiaplasty outcomes and complications in Turkish women: a multicentric study. Int Urogynecol J. 2024;35(5):1045-1050.
  • Yassa M, Sargin MA, Dereli N, et al. The validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Quality of Sexual Experience Scale. Anadolu Psikiyatr Derg. 2020;21:48-55.
  • Ellibes Kaya A, Yassa M, Dogan O, et al. The Female Genital Self-Image Scale (FGSIS): cross-cultural adaptation and validation of psychometric properties within a Turkish population. Int Urogynecol J. 2019;30:89-99.
  • Aydın S, Onaran ÖI, Topalan K, et al. Development and validation of Turkish version of the female sexual distress scale-revised. Sex Med. 2016;4(1):e43-e50.
  • Tuğut N, Gölbaşı Z. Cinsel yaşam kalitesi ölçeği: kadın Türkçe versiyonunun geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Cumhur Med J. 2010;32(2):172-180.
  • Aygin D, Aslan FE. Kadin Cinsel İşlev Ölçegi’nin Türkçeye uyarlaması. Turk Klin J Med Sci. 2005;25(3):393-399.
  • Wiegel M, Meston C, Rosen R. The female sexual function index (FSFI): cross-validation and development of clinical cutoff scores. J Sex Marital Ther. 2005;31(1):1-20.
  • Herbenick D, Reece M. Outcomes assessment: development and validation of the female genital self-image scale. J Sex Med. 2010;7(5):1822-1830.
  • Sanders SA, Herbenick D, Reece M, et al. The development and validation of a brief Quality of Sexual Experience (QSE) scale: results from a nationally representative sample of men and women in the United States. J Sex Med. 2013;10(10):2409-2417.
  • Shaw D, Allen L, Chan C, et al. Guideline No. 423: Female genital cosmetic surgery and procedures. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2022;44(2):204-214.
  • Doğan O, Yassa M. Major motivators and sociodemographic features of women undergoing labiaplasty. Aesthet Surg J. 2019;39(12):NP517-NP27.
  • Bonell S, Barlow FK, Griffiths S. The cosmetic surgery paradox: Toward a contemporary understanding of cosmetic surgery popularisation and attitudes. Body Image. 2021;38:230-240.
  • Nwaoz B, Sinnott CJ, Kuruvilla A, et al. Outcomes after central wedge labiaplasty performed under general versus local anesthesia. Ann Plast Surg. 2021;87(1s):S17-S20.
  • Schnatz P, Boardman LA, Practice CoG. ACOG committee opinion number 795: elective female genital cosmetic surgery. Obstet Gynecol. 2020;135(1):e36.
  • Keramat A, Malary M, Moosazadeh M, et al. Factors influencing stress, anxiety, and depression among Iranian pregnant women: the role of sexual distress and genital self-image. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2021;21(1):1-12.
  • Benabe E, Fuentes Y, Roldan G, et al. The perceptions of female genital self‐image and its associations with female sexual distress. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2022;157(1):90-95.
  • Hailparn TR. How does labia minora labiaplasty surgery impact patients’ Perceptions of their genitals?[20B]. Obstet Gynecol. 2020;135:23S.
  • Eftekhar T, Hajibabaei M, Deldar Pesikhani M, et al. Sexual quality of life, female sexual function, female genital self-and body image among women requesting genital cosmetic surgery: a comparative study. Psychol Sex. 2019;10(2):94-100.
  • Dogan O, Ucar E, Yassa M. Does the surgical margin affect sexual function following linear labiaplasty technique? Aesthet Surg J. 2024;44(4):NP271-NP78.
  • Sahin F, Mihmanli V. The impact of labiaplasty on sexuality. Ginekol Pol. 2023. doi: 10.5603/gpl.94975
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Journal Section Original Article
Authors

Pınar Birol İlter 0000-0002-2194-0726

Ozan Doğan 0000-0002-0016-8749

Publication Date September 27, 2024
Submission Date July 19, 2024
Acceptance Date August 7, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 7 Issue: 5

Cite

AMA Birol İlter P, Doğan O. Subjective outcomes of female genital cosmetic procedures: a prospective study with a median follow-up of 18 months. J Health Sci Med / JHSM. September 2024;7(5):500-504. doi:10.32322/jhsm.1519167

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