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Alkolik olmayan yağlı karaciğer hastalığında brakiyal arterin akım aracılı dilatasyon yetersizliği ve artmış karotid intima kalınlığı

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 371 - 374, 30.05.2025
https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1628609

Abstract

Giriş:
Bu çalışma, karotis intima-media kalınlığı (C-IMT) ve akım aracılı dilatasyon (FMD) ölçümleri ile alkol dışı yağlı karaciğer hastalığı (NAFLD) olan bireylerde endotel disfonksiyonu ve vasküler değişiklikleri değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır.
Yöntem:
Bu prospektif gözlemsel kohort çalışmasına, karaciğer biyopsisi ile tanısı doğrulanmış 51 NAFLD hastası ve 21 sağlıklı kontrol birey dâhil edilmiştir. Endotel fonksiyonu, brakiyal arter FMD ve C-IMT ölçümleri için yüksek çözünürlüklü ultrasonografi kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Hepatotoksik ilaç kullanımı, anlamlı alkol tüketimi veya diğer karaciğer hastalıkları olan bireyler çalışma dışında bırakılmıştır. Demografik veriler, vücut kitle indeksi (VKİ) ve bel çevresi kaydedilmiştir. İstatistiksel analizler SPSS programı ile gerçekleştirilmiş olup, anlamlılık düzeyi P < 0.05 olarak kabul edilmiştir.
Bulgular:
NAFLD hastalarında, kontrol grubuna kıyasla VKİ, bel çevresi ve diyastolik kan basıncı anlamlı düzeyde yüksek bulunmuştur. Ortalama C-IMT değeri NAFLD grubunda (0.67 ± 0.09 mm), kontrol grubuna (0.52 ± 0.11 mm; P < 0.001) göre belirgin şekilde artmış; FMD ise NAFLD hastalarında (%7.3 ± 4.8), kontrollere (%16.5 ± 7.1; P < 0.001) kıyasla anlamlı olarak azalmıştır. FMD ve C-IMT değerleri, basit steatoz olgularına kıyasla NASH olgularında daha kötü bulunmuştur. FMD ile VKİ, bel çevresi ve C-IMT değerleri arasında anlamlı negatif korelasyon saptanmıştır.
Sonuç:
Özellikle NASH’li NAFLD hastalarında, azalmış FMD ve artmış C-IMT ile karakterize belirgin endotel disfonksiyonu gözlenmiştir; bu durum erken aterosklerozun göstergesi olabilir. Bulgular, NAFLD’nin ilerlemesiyle birlikte endotel disfonksiyonunun arttığını göstermektedir. NAFLD hastalarında vasküler değişikliklerin erken dönemde tanınması, kardiyovasküler riskin ve hastalık progresyonunun azaltılmasına yönelik zamanında müdahalelere olanak sağlayabilir.

References

  • Oni ET, Agatston AS, Blaha MJ, et al. A systematic review: burden and severity of subclinical cardiovascular disease among those with nonalcoholic fatty liver; should we care? Atherosclerosis. 2013;230(2):258-267. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.07.052
  • Pastori D, Loffredo L, Perri L, et al. Relation of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and Framingham Risk Score to flow-mediated dilation in patients with cardiometabolic risk factors. Am J Cardiol. 2015;115(10):1402-1406. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.02.032
  • Cattazzo F, Lombardi R, Mantovani A, et al. Subclinical and clinical atherosclerosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with the presence of hypertension. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2022;32(12):2839-2847. doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2022.08.005
  • Chen Y, Xu M, Wang T, et al. Advanced fibrosis associates with atherosclerosis in subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Atherosclerosis. 2015;241(1):145-150. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015. 05.002
  • Velarde-Ruiz Velasco JA, García-Jiménez ES, García-Zermeño KR, et al. Extrahepatic complications of non-alcoholic disease fatty liver R. Rev Gastroenterol Mex (Engl Ed). 2019;84(4):472-481. doi:10.1016/j.rgmx. 2019.05.004
  • Li N, Zhang GW, Zhang JR, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with progression of arterial stiffness. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2015;25(2):218-223. doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2014.10.002 
  • Oni E, Budoff MJ, Zeb I, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with arterial distensibility and carotid intima-media thickness: (from the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis). Am J Cardiol. 2019;124(4):534-538. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2019.05.028
  • Zhu W, Deng CJ, Xuan LP, et al. Peripheral artery disease and risk of fibrosis deterioration in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a prospective investigation. Biomed Environ Sci. 2020;33(4):217-226. doi:10.3967/bes 2020.031
  • Taharboucht S, Guermaz R, Brouri M, Chibane A. Subclinical atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a case-control study in Algerian population. J Med Vasc. 2021;46(3):129-138. doi:10.1016/j.jdmv.2021.03.008
  • Liu S, Wang J, Wu S, et al. The progression and regression of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease are associated with the development of subclinical atherosclerosis: a prospective analysis. Metabolism. 2021;120:154779. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154779
  • Cicero AFG, Gitto S, Fogacci F, et al. Fatty liver index is associated to pulse wave velocity in healthy subjects: data from the Brisighella heart study. Eur J Intern Med. 2018;53:29-33. doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2018.03.010

Flow-mediated dilatation deficiency of the brachial artery and increased carotid intimal thickness in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 371 - 374, 30.05.2025
https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1628609

Abstract

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate endothelial dysfunction and vascular changes in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients by measuring carotid intima-media thickness (C-IMT) and flow-mediated dilation (FMD).
Methods: This prospective observational cohort study included 51 biopsy-proven NAFLD patients and 21 healthy controls. Endothelial function was assessed using high-resolution ultrasonography to measure brachial artery FMD and C-IMT. Patients with hepatotoxic drug use, significant alcohol consumption, or other liver diseases were excluded. Demographic data, body-mass index (BMI), and waist circumference were recorded. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS, with significance set at p<0.05.
Results: NAFLD patients showed significantly higher BMI, waist circumference, and diastolic blood pressure compared to controls. The mean C-IMT was elevated in NAFLD patients (0.67±0.09 mm) compared to controls (0.52±0.11 mm; p<0.001), and FMD was significantly reduced in NAFLD patients (7.3±4.8%) compared to controls (16.5±7.1%; p<0.001). FMD and C-IMT values were lower in NASH cases than in simple steatosis. A significant negative correlation was observed between FMD and BMI, waist circumference, and C-IMT values.
Conclusion: NAFLD patients, particularly those with NASH, exhibit significant endothelial dysfunction characterized by reduced FMD and increased C-IMT, indicating early atherosclerosis. These findings suggest that endothelial dysfunction increases with progression of NAFLD. Early recognition of vascular changes in NAFLD patients could facilitate timely interventions to reduce cardiovascular risk and disease progression.

Ethical Statement

The study was prepared as a specialty thesis. Ethical committee approval was not obtained. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. All procedures were conducted in accordance with ethical guidelines and the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.

References

  • Oni ET, Agatston AS, Blaha MJ, et al. A systematic review: burden and severity of subclinical cardiovascular disease among those with nonalcoholic fatty liver; should we care? Atherosclerosis. 2013;230(2):258-267. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.07.052
  • Pastori D, Loffredo L, Perri L, et al. Relation of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and Framingham Risk Score to flow-mediated dilation in patients with cardiometabolic risk factors. Am J Cardiol. 2015;115(10):1402-1406. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.02.032
  • Cattazzo F, Lombardi R, Mantovani A, et al. Subclinical and clinical atherosclerosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with the presence of hypertension. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2022;32(12):2839-2847. doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2022.08.005
  • Chen Y, Xu M, Wang T, et al. Advanced fibrosis associates with atherosclerosis in subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Atherosclerosis. 2015;241(1):145-150. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015. 05.002
  • Velarde-Ruiz Velasco JA, García-Jiménez ES, García-Zermeño KR, et al. Extrahepatic complications of non-alcoholic disease fatty liver R. Rev Gastroenterol Mex (Engl Ed). 2019;84(4):472-481. doi:10.1016/j.rgmx. 2019.05.004
  • Li N, Zhang GW, Zhang JR, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with progression of arterial stiffness. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2015;25(2):218-223. doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2014.10.002 
  • Oni E, Budoff MJ, Zeb I, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with arterial distensibility and carotid intima-media thickness: (from the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis). Am J Cardiol. 2019;124(4):534-538. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2019.05.028
  • Zhu W, Deng CJ, Xuan LP, et al. Peripheral artery disease and risk of fibrosis deterioration in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a prospective investigation. Biomed Environ Sci. 2020;33(4):217-226. doi:10.3967/bes 2020.031
  • Taharboucht S, Guermaz R, Brouri M, Chibane A. Subclinical atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a case-control study in Algerian population. J Med Vasc. 2021;46(3):129-138. doi:10.1016/j.jdmv.2021.03.008
  • Liu S, Wang J, Wu S, et al. The progression and regression of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease are associated with the development of subclinical atherosclerosis: a prospective analysis. Metabolism. 2021;120:154779. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154779
  • Cicero AFG, Gitto S, Fogacci F, et al. Fatty liver index is associated to pulse wave velocity in healthy subjects: data from the Brisighella heart study. Eur J Intern Med. 2018;53:29-33. doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2018.03.010
There are 11 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Radiology and Organ Imaging
Journal Section Original Article
Authors

Umut Özdamarlar 0009-0001-4333-3441

Yaşar Çolak 0009-0006-3978-1192

Publication Date May 30, 2025
Submission Date February 4, 2025
Acceptance Date March 24, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 8 Issue: 3

Cite

AMA Özdamarlar U, Çolak Y. Flow-mediated dilatation deficiency of the brachial artery and increased carotid intimal thickness in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Health Sci Med / JHSM. May 2025;8(3):371-374. doi:10.32322/jhsm.1628609

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