Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

The effect of levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUD) and etonogestrel implant (ENG implant) on hemoglobin and ferritin levels

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 4, 588 - 591, 30.07.2025
https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1681220

Abstract

Aims: The aim of the study was to compare the changes in hemoglobin (Hgb) and ferritin levels before and 6 months after the administration of levonorgestrel-containing intrauterine device (LNG-IUD) with the changes in Hgb and ferritin levels in patients with etonogestrel-containing subcutaneous implant (ENG).
Methods: Data for the study were collected retrospectively from eligible patients’ medical records on the hospital information management system. These data included Hgb (g/dl) and ferritin (mcg/L) values of patients with LNG-RI and ENG implants, and Hgb (g/dl) and ferritin (mcg/L) values measured 6 months after the implantation. The study included 80 patients with LNG-IUD and 49 patients with ENG implant.
Results: When the Hgb and ferritin values of the LNG-IUD and ENG groups were compared before and after the application, it was found that both groups significantly increased Hgb and ferritin levels. When the two methods were compared with each other, it was observed that LNG-RIA was more successful in increasing Hgb and ferritin levels.
Conclusion: Both LNG-IUD and ENG implant significantly increased Hgb and ferritin levels over the 6-month period; however, LNG-IUD was found to be more effective in improving these hematological parameters. Despite this, the ENG implant also demonstrated a notable increase in Hgb and ferritin levels and may be considered a valuable alternative, particularly in patients with prior intrauterine device dislocation, cervical stenosis, uterine anomalies, or myomas distorting the uterine cavity, as well as in those with contraindications to combined oral contraceptives or LNG-IUD use due to abnormal uterine bleeding or menorrhagia.

Project Number

AEŞH-BADEK-2024-505

References

  • Nie LK, Zou HL, Cheng L, Zhang PH. Subcutaneous etonogestrel implant combined with endometrial ablation for the treatment of adenomyosis: two case reports. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2022;48(1):262-265. doi:10.1111/jog.15084
  • Nie L, Zou H, Ma X, et al. A clinical obser- vational study on the efficacy of subcutaneous etonogestrel implants for adenomyosis in 20 patients. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2021;37(8):735-739. doi:10.1080/09513590.2021.1922886
  • Wu J, Huang Y, Chen L, Hu J, Zou Y. Treatment of adenomyosis with subcutaneous etonogestrel implants: a clinical observational study in 17 patients. Med Sci Monit. 2018;24:6085-6092. doi:10.12659/MSM. 908979
  • Ferrero S, Scala C, Ciccarelli S, Vellone VG, Barra F. Treatment of rectovaginal endometriosis with the etonogestrel-releasing con- traceptive implant. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2020;36(6):540-544. doi:10.1080/09513590.2019.1689552
  • Niu X, Luo Q, Wang C, Zhu L, Huang L. Effects of etonogestrel implants on pelvic pain and menstrual flow in women suffering from adenomyosis or endometriosis: results from a prospective, observational study. Medicine. 2021;100(6):e24597. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000024597
  • Mansour D, Korver T, Marintcheva-Petrova M, Fraser IS. The effects of Implanon on menstrual bleeding patterns. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2008;13(Suppl 1):13-28. doi:10.1080/13625180801959931
  • Wei A, Tang X, Yang W, Zhou J, Zhu W, Pan S. Efficacy of etonogestrel subcutaneous implants versus the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system in the conservative treatment of adenomyosis. De Gruyter Open Med. 2024;19:1. doi:10.1515/med-2024-0914
  • Shaaban OM, Ali MK, Sabra AM, Abd El Aal DE. Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system versus a low-dose combined oral contraceptive for treatment of adenomyotic uteri: a randomized clinical trial. Contraception. 2015;92(4):301-307. doi:10.1016/j.Contraception. 2015.05.015
  • Li L, Leng J, Jia S, Lang J. Treatment of symptomatic adenomyosis with the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2019;146(3):357-363. doi:10.1002/ijgo.12887
  • Samuelson Bannow B, McLintock C, James P. Menstruation, anticoagulation, and contraception: VTE and uterine bleeding. Res Pract Thromb Haemost. 2021;5(5):e12570. doi:10.1002/rth2.12570
  • Dubuisson JB, Mugnier E. Acceptability of the levonorgestrel- releasing intrauterine system after discontinuation of previous contraception: results of a French clinical study in women aged 35 to 45 years. Contraception. 2002;66:121-128. doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(02)00329-3
  • Ratsula K, Toivonen J, Allonen H. Patterns of bleeding and body iron stores during the use of a levonorgestrel-releasing intracervical device. Contraception. 1988;38:333-340. doi:10.1016/0010-7824(88)90105-9
  • Bathija H, Lei ZW, Cheng XQ, et al. Effects of contraceptives on hemoglobin and ferritin. Contraception. 1998;58(5):261-273. doi:10.1016/S0010-7824(98)00108-5

Levonorgestrel intrauterin sistem (LNG-RİA) ve etonogestrel implantın (ENG implant) hemoglobin ve ferritin düzeylerine etkisi

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 4, 588 - 591, 30.07.2025
https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1681220

Abstract

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı, levonorgestrel içeren rahim içi araç (LNG-RİA) uygulanan hastaların uygulama öncesi ve uygulamadan 6 ay sonraki hemoglobin ve ferritin düzeyi değişimlerinin, Etonogestrel içeren cilt altı implant (ENG) uygulanan hastalarda hemoglobin ve ferritin düzeylerinin değişimleriyle karşılaştırmaktır.
Materyal – Metod: Çalışma için veriler, uygun hastaların hastane bilgi yönetim sistemi üzerindeki tıbbi kayıtlarından retrospektif olarak toplanmıştır. Bu veriler arasında LNG-RİA ve ENG implant uygulanan hastaların uygulama öncesi hemoglobin (HGB) (g/dl) ve ferritin (mcg/L) değerleriyle , uygulamadan 6 ay sonra kontrollerde bakılan hemoglobin (g/dl) ve ferritin(mcg/L) değerleri yer almaktadır. Çalışmaya 80 tane LNG-RİA uygulanan hastayla 49 tane ENG implant uygulanan hasta dahil edilmiştir.
Bulgular: LNG-RİA ve ENG uygulanan grubun uygulama öncesi ve sonrası HGB ve Ferritin değerleri karşılaştırıldığında, her iki grubunda HGB ve ferritin düzeylerini anlamlı olarak yükselttiği bulunmuştur. İki yöntemin birbiriyle karşılaştırılmasında LNG-RİA’nın HGB ve ferritin düzeylerini yükseltmede daha başarılı olduğu izlenmiştir.
Tartışma: ENG implantın hemoglobin ve ferritin değerlerini anlamlı derecede yükseltmesi sonucunda, daha önce intrauterin araç dislokasyonu tecrübesi olan , servikal stenozu olan , uterin anomalileri olan , uterin kaviteyi distorsiyone eden myoma uterisi olan , kombine oral kontraseptif ve LNG -RİA nın kontraendike olduğu hasta gruplarında ENG implantının, anormal uterin kanama ve menorajiye neden olan patolojilerde , LNG RİA uygulamasına alternatif bir yöntem olabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Ethical Statement

Çalışmamıza, Ankara Etlik Şehir Hastanesi Bilimsel Araştırmalar Değerlendirme ve Etik Kurulu’nun 12.06.2024 tarihli ve AEŞH-BADEK-2024-505 sayılı kararı ile onay verilerek başlanmıştır.

Supporting Institution

YOKTUR

Project Number

AEŞH-BADEK-2024-505

Thanks

Tüm editör ekibine , saygıdeğer hocalarıma ve hakemlere saygılarımı iletirim.

References

  • Nie LK, Zou HL, Cheng L, Zhang PH. Subcutaneous etonogestrel implant combined with endometrial ablation for the treatment of adenomyosis: two case reports. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2022;48(1):262-265. doi:10.1111/jog.15084
  • Nie L, Zou H, Ma X, et al. A clinical obser- vational study on the efficacy of subcutaneous etonogestrel implants for adenomyosis in 20 patients. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2021;37(8):735-739. doi:10.1080/09513590.2021.1922886
  • Wu J, Huang Y, Chen L, Hu J, Zou Y. Treatment of adenomyosis with subcutaneous etonogestrel implants: a clinical observational study in 17 patients. Med Sci Monit. 2018;24:6085-6092. doi:10.12659/MSM. 908979
  • Ferrero S, Scala C, Ciccarelli S, Vellone VG, Barra F. Treatment of rectovaginal endometriosis with the etonogestrel-releasing con- traceptive implant. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2020;36(6):540-544. doi:10.1080/09513590.2019.1689552
  • Niu X, Luo Q, Wang C, Zhu L, Huang L. Effects of etonogestrel implants on pelvic pain and menstrual flow in women suffering from adenomyosis or endometriosis: results from a prospective, observational study. Medicine. 2021;100(6):e24597. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000024597
  • Mansour D, Korver T, Marintcheva-Petrova M, Fraser IS. The effects of Implanon on menstrual bleeding patterns. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2008;13(Suppl 1):13-28. doi:10.1080/13625180801959931
  • Wei A, Tang X, Yang W, Zhou J, Zhu W, Pan S. Efficacy of etonogestrel subcutaneous implants versus the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system in the conservative treatment of adenomyosis. De Gruyter Open Med. 2024;19:1. doi:10.1515/med-2024-0914
  • Shaaban OM, Ali MK, Sabra AM, Abd El Aal DE. Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system versus a low-dose combined oral contraceptive for treatment of adenomyotic uteri: a randomized clinical trial. Contraception. 2015;92(4):301-307. doi:10.1016/j.Contraception. 2015.05.015
  • Li L, Leng J, Jia S, Lang J. Treatment of symptomatic adenomyosis with the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2019;146(3):357-363. doi:10.1002/ijgo.12887
  • Samuelson Bannow B, McLintock C, James P. Menstruation, anticoagulation, and contraception: VTE and uterine bleeding. Res Pract Thromb Haemost. 2021;5(5):e12570. doi:10.1002/rth2.12570
  • Dubuisson JB, Mugnier E. Acceptability of the levonorgestrel- releasing intrauterine system after discontinuation of previous contraception: results of a French clinical study in women aged 35 to 45 years. Contraception. 2002;66:121-128. doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(02)00329-3
  • Ratsula K, Toivonen J, Allonen H. Patterns of bleeding and body iron stores during the use of a levonorgestrel-releasing intracervical device. Contraception. 1988;38:333-340. doi:10.1016/0010-7824(88)90105-9
  • Bathija H, Lei ZW, Cheng XQ, et al. Effects of contraceptives on hemoglobin and ferritin. Contraception. 1998;58(5):261-273. doi:10.1016/S0010-7824(98)00108-5
There are 13 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Journal Section Original Article
Authors

Mehmet Alican Sapmaz 0000-0003-3812-3455

Murat Polat 0009-0002-2964-729X

Sait Erbey 0009-0007-1950-9041

Salime Nur Afşar 0009-0008-8691-1468

Project Number AEŞH-BADEK-2024-505
Publication Date July 30, 2025
Submission Date April 22, 2025
Acceptance Date June 11, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 8 Issue: 4

Cite

AMA Sapmaz MA, Polat M, Erbey S, Afşar SN. The effect of levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUD) and etonogestrel implant (ENG implant) on hemoglobin and ferritin levels. J Health Sci Med / JHSM. July 2025;8(4):588-591. doi:10.32322/jhsm.1681220

Interuniversity Board (UAK) Equivalency: Article published in Ulakbim TR Index journal [10 POINTS], and Article published in other (excuding 1a, b, c) international indexed journal (1d) [5 POINTS].

The Directories (indexes) and Platforms we are included in are at the bottom of the page.

Note: Our journal is not WOS indexed and therefore is not classified as Q.

You can download Council of Higher Education (CoHG) [Yüksek Öğretim Kurumu (YÖK)] Criteria) decisions about predatory/questionable journals and the author's clarification text and journal charge policy from your browser. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/journal/2316/file/4905/show







The indexes of the journal are ULAKBİM TR Dizin, Index Copernicus, ICI World of Journals, DOAJ, Directory of Research Journals Indexing (DRJI), General Impact Factor, ASOS Index, WorldCat (OCLC), MIAR, EuroPub, OpenAIRE, Türkiye Citation Index, Türk Medline Index, InfoBase Index, Scilit, etc.

       images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRB9r6zRLDl0Pz7om2DQkiTQXqDtuq64Eb1Qg&usqp=CAU

500px-WorldCat_logo.svg.png

atifdizini.png

logo_world_of_journals_no_margin.png

images?q=tbn%3AANd9GcTNpvUjQ4Ffc6uQBqMQrqYMR53c7bRqD9rohCINkko0Y1a_hPSn&usqp=CAU

doaj.png  

images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSpOQFsFv3RdX0lIQJC3SwkFIA-CceHin_ujli_JrqBy3A32A_Tx_oMoIZn96EcrpLwTQg&usqp=CAU

ici2.png

asos-index.png

drji.png





The platforms of the journal are Google Scholar, CrossRef (DOI), ResearchBib, Open Access, COPE, ICMJE, NCBI, ORCID, Creative Commons, etc.

COPE-logo-300x199.jpgimages?q=tbn:ANd9GcQR6_qdgvxMP9owgnYzJ1M6CS_XzR_d7orTjA&usqp=CAU

icmje_1_orig.png

cc.logo.large.png

ncbi.pngimages?q=tbn:ANd9GcRBcJw8ia8S9TI4Fun5vj3HPzEcEKIvF_jtnw&usqp=CAU

ORCID_logo.png

1*mvsP194Golg0Dmo2rjJ-oQ.jpeg


Our Journal using the DergiPark system indexed are;

Ulakbim TR Dizin,  Index Copernicus, ICI World of JournalsDirectory of Research Journals Indexing (DRJI), General Impact FactorASOS Index, OpenAIRE, MIAR,  EuroPub, WorldCat (OCLC)DOAJ,  Türkiye Citation Index, Türk Medline Index, InfoBase Index


Our Journal using the DergiPark system platforms are;

Google, Google Scholar, CrossRef (DOI), ResearchBib, ICJME, COPE, NCBI, ORCID, Creative Commons, Open Access, and etc.


Journal articles are evaluated as "Double-Blind Peer Review". 

Our journal has adopted the Open Access Policy and articles in JHSM are Open Access and fully comply with Open Access instructions. All articles in the system can be accessed and read without a journal user.  https//dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/jhsm/page/9535

Journal charge policy   https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/jhsm/page/10912

Our journal has been indexed in DOAJ as of May 18, 2020.

Our journal has been indexed in TR-Dizin as of March 12, 2021.


17873

Articles published in the Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine have open access and are licensed under the Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International License.