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Mini Z 2.0 Klinisyen Çalışma Yaşamı Ölçeği'nin hekimler arasında Türkçe geçerlilik ve güvenilirliğinin değerlendirilmesi

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 5, 759 - 764, 16.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1690010

Abstract

Giriş: Hekimler kariyerlerinde stres, iş tatminsizliği ve tükenmişlikle karşı karşıya kalmaktadır. Tükenmişliği değerlendiren birçok ölçek vardır. Bunlar arasında Maslach Tükenmişlik Envanteri tükenmişliği değerlendirmek için kullanılan standart bir araçtır. Mini Z 2.0 Klinisyen İş Yaşamı Anketi, tükenmişlik, iş tatminsizliği ve strese neden olan faktörleri belirlemek için yeni, kullanımı kolay bir araç olarak geliştirilmiştir. Maslach Tükenmişlik Envanteri genel popülasyonda kullanılabilirken, Mini Z 2.0 anketi hekimlerin çalışma hayatını değerlendirmektedir.
Türkiye'de hekimler arasında iş yaşamındaki tüm bu faktörleri pratik ve toplu olarak değerlendirebilecek ölçekler bulunmamaktadır. Bu nedenle bu çalışmanın amacı Mini Z 2.0 Klinisyen İş Yaşamı Anketi'nin Türkçe geçerlilik ve güvenilirliğini değerlendirmek ve literatüre katkıda bulunmaktır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma 221 hekim ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapı geçerliliği doğrulayıcı faktör analizi kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Test-tekrar test güvenilirliği ve iç tutarlılık sırasıyla Spearman korelasyon katsayısı ve Cronbach alfa kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Eş zamanlı geçerlilik, Mini Z 2.0 ve Maslach Tükenmişlik Envanteri alt ölçekleri arasındaki korelasyonların Spearman korelasyon katsayısı kullanılarak test edilmesiyle belirlenmiştir.
Sonuçlar: Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ölçeğin iki faktörlü olduğunu göstermiştir. Spearman korelasyon katsayısı sonuçları 0,753 ile 0,858 arasında değişmektedir. İç tutarlılık analizinde ölçeğin ve alt ölçeklerin Cronbach alfa değerleri 0,881 ile 0,942 arasında bulunmuştur. Taban/tavan etkilerinin mevcut olmadığı değerlendirilmiştir.
Sonuç: Mini Z 2.0 Klinisyen Çalışma Yaşamı Anketi'nin Türkçe versiyonunun geçerli ve güvenilir olduğu bulunmuştur.

References

  • Maswadi N, Khader YS, Slaih AA. Perceived stress among resident doctors in Jordanian teaching hospitals: cross-sectional study. JMIR Public Health Surveillan. 2019;5(4):e14238. doi:10.2196/14238
  • Riley R, Buszewicz M, Kokab F, et al. Sources of work-related psychological distress experienced by UK-wide foundation and junior doctors: a qualitative study. BMJ Open. 2021;11(6):e043521. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043521
  • Occupational health: stress at the workplace. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/ccupational-health-stress-at-the-workplace. (Available at: 2022 November 3).
  • Bagheri Hosseinabadi M, Etemadinezhad S, Khanjani N, et al. Evaluating the relationship between job stress and job satisfaction among female hospital nurses in Babol: an application of structural equation modeling. Health Promot Perspect. 2018;8(2):102. doi:10.15171/hpp.2018.13
  • Linzer M, Smith CD, Hingle S, et al. Evaluation of work satisfaction, stress, and burnout among US internal medicine physicians and trainees. JAMA Network Open. 2020;3(10):e2018758-e2018758. doi:10. 1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.18758
  • Carayon P, Cassel CK. Factors contributing to clinician burnout and professional well-being. In: Carayon P, Cassel CK (editors). Taking action against clinician burnout: a systems approach to professional well-being. 1st ed. Washington, DC, USA: Academical Word Press; 2019. pp. 81-126.
  • de Hert S. Burnout in healthcare workers: prevalence, impact and preventative strategies. Local Region Anesthes. 2020;13:171-183. doi:10. 2147/LRA.S240564
  • Han R, Feng L, Wei L. Research on the influence of doctor-patient relationship on physicians’ citizenship behavior. In: DEStech Transactions on Social Science Education and Human Science 2017. doi:10.12783/dtssehs/mess2016/9753
  • Olson K, Sinsky C, Rinne ST, Long T, Vender R et al. Cross-sectional survey of workplace stressors associated with physician burnout measured by the Mini-Z and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Stress Health. 2019;35(2):157-175. doi:10.1002/smi.2849
  • Maslach C, Jackson SE, Leiter MP. Maslach Burnout Inventory: Third edition. In: Maslach C, Jackson SE, Leiter MP (editors). Evaluating stress: a book of resources. Lanham, MD, USA: Scarecrow Education; 1997. pp. 191-218.
  • Linzer M, Poplau S, Babbott S, et al. Worklife and wellness in academic general internal medicine: results from a national survey. J General Int Med. 2016;31(9):1004-1010. doi:10.1007/s11606-016-3720-4
  • Nagasaki K, Shikino K, Nishimura Y, et al. Translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the Mini-Z 2.0 Survey among Japanese physicians and residents. Int Med. 2021;60(15):2405-2411. doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.6749-203720-4
  • Williams ES, Konrad TR, Linzer M, et al. Refining the measurement of physician job satisfaction: results from the physician worklife survey. Medical Care. 1999;37(11):1140-1154.
  • Williams ES, Manwell LB, Konrad TR, Linzer M. The relationship of organizational culture, stress, satisfaction, and burnout with physician-reported error and suboptimal patient care: results from the MEMO study. Health Care Manag Rev. 2007;32(3):203-212. doi:10.1097/01.HMR.0000281626.28363.59
  • Maslach C, Jackson SE. The measurement of experienced burnout. J Organizat Behav. 1981;2(2):99-113. doi:10.1002/job.4030020205
  • Ergin C. Doktor ve hemşirelerde tükenmişlik ve Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeğin uyarlanması. VII. Ulusal Psikoloji Kongresi Bilimsel Çalışmaları El Kitabı. 1992:143-154.
  • Alpar R. Spor, sağlık ve eğitim bilimlerinden örneklerle uygulamalı istatistik ve geçerlik-güvenirlik. Detay Yayıncılık. 2020;5:493-604.
  • Çapık C. Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalişmalarinda doğrulayici faktör analizinin kullanimi. Anad Hemşir Sağlık Bil Derg. 2014;17(3):196-205.
  • Wallace JE, Lemaire JB, Ghali WA. Physician wellness: a missing quality indicator. Lancet. 2009;374(9702):1714-1721. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736 (09)61424-0
  • Bianchi R, Schonfeld IS, Laurent E. Burnout-depression overlap: a review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2015;36:28-41. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.01.004
  • West CP, Dyrbye LN, Shanafelt TD. Physician burnout: contributors, consequences and solutions. J Int Med. 2018;283(6):516-529. doi:10.1111/joim.12752
  • Shimotsu S, Poplau S, Linzer M. Validation of a brief clinician survey to reduce clinician burnout. J General Int Med. 2015;30(2):79-80.

Evaluating the Turkish validity and reliability of the mini Z 2.0 clinician worklife survey among physicians

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 5, 759 - 764, 16.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1690010

Abstract

Aims: Physicians face stress, job dissatisfaction, and burnout in their careers. There are many scales that assess burnout. Among them, Maslach Burnout Inventory is a standard tool used to assess burnout. The Mini Z 2.0 Clinician Worklife Survey was developed as a new, easy-to-use tool for identifying the factors which cause burnout, job dissatisfaction, and stress. Maslach Burnout Inventory can be utilized in the general population whereas the Mini Z 2.0 survey assesses the worklife of physicians. In Turkiye, there are no scales which can assess all those factors in the worklife practically and collectively among physicians. This study therefore aimed to evaluate the Turkish validity and reliability of the Mini Z 2.0 Clinician Worklife Survey and contribute to the literature.
Methods: The study was conducted with 221 physicians. The construct validity was determined using confirmatory factor analysis. Test-retest reliability and internal consistency were assessed using Spearman’s correlation coefficient and Cronbach’s alpha, respectively. The concurrent validity was determined by testing correlations between Mini Z 2.0 and Maslach Burnout Inventory subscales were met using Spearman’s correlation coefficient.
Results: The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the scale has two factors. The Spearman’s correlation coefficient results varied between 0.753 and 0.858. Cronbach’s alpha values of the scale and subscales were found to be between 0.881 and 0.942 in the internal consistency analysis. Floor/ceiling effects were considered not to be present.
Conclusion: It was found that the Turkish version of the Mini Z 2.0 Clinician Worklife Survey is valid and reliable.

References

  • Maswadi N, Khader YS, Slaih AA. Perceived stress among resident doctors in Jordanian teaching hospitals: cross-sectional study. JMIR Public Health Surveillan. 2019;5(4):e14238. doi:10.2196/14238
  • Riley R, Buszewicz M, Kokab F, et al. Sources of work-related psychological distress experienced by UK-wide foundation and junior doctors: a qualitative study. BMJ Open. 2021;11(6):e043521. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043521
  • Occupational health: stress at the workplace. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/ccupational-health-stress-at-the-workplace. (Available at: 2022 November 3).
  • Bagheri Hosseinabadi M, Etemadinezhad S, Khanjani N, et al. Evaluating the relationship between job stress and job satisfaction among female hospital nurses in Babol: an application of structural equation modeling. Health Promot Perspect. 2018;8(2):102. doi:10.15171/hpp.2018.13
  • Linzer M, Smith CD, Hingle S, et al. Evaluation of work satisfaction, stress, and burnout among US internal medicine physicians and trainees. JAMA Network Open. 2020;3(10):e2018758-e2018758. doi:10. 1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.18758
  • Carayon P, Cassel CK. Factors contributing to clinician burnout and professional well-being. In: Carayon P, Cassel CK (editors). Taking action against clinician burnout: a systems approach to professional well-being. 1st ed. Washington, DC, USA: Academical Word Press; 2019. pp. 81-126.
  • de Hert S. Burnout in healthcare workers: prevalence, impact and preventative strategies. Local Region Anesthes. 2020;13:171-183. doi:10. 2147/LRA.S240564
  • Han R, Feng L, Wei L. Research on the influence of doctor-patient relationship on physicians’ citizenship behavior. In: DEStech Transactions on Social Science Education and Human Science 2017. doi:10.12783/dtssehs/mess2016/9753
  • Olson K, Sinsky C, Rinne ST, Long T, Vender R et al. Cross-sectional survey of workplace stressors associated with physician burnout measured by the Mini-Z and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Stress Health. 2019;35(2):157-175. doi:10.1002/smi.2849
  • Maslach C, Jackson SE, Leiter MP. Maslach Burnout Inventory: Third edition. In: Maslach C, Jackson SE, Leiter MP (editors). Evaluating stress: a book of resources. Lanham, MD, USA: Scarecrow Education; 1997. pp. 191-218.
  • Linzer M, Poplau S, Babbott S, et al. Worklife and wellness in academic general internal medicine: results from a national survey. J General Int Med. 2016;31(9):1004-1010. doi:10.1007/s11606-016-3720-4
  • Nagasaki K, Shikino K, Nishimura Y, et al. Translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the Mini-Z 2.0 Survey among Japanese physicians and residents. Int Med. 2021;60(15):2405-2411. doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.6749-203720-4
  • Williams ES, Konrad TR, Linzer M, et al. Refining the measurement of physician job satisfaction: results from the physician worklife survey. Medical Care. 1999;37(11):1140-1154.
  • Williams ES, Manwell LB, Konrad TR, Linzer M. The relationship of organizational culture, stress, satisfaction, and burnout with physician-reported error and suboptimal patient care: results from the MEMO study. Health Care Manag Rev. 2007;32(3):203-212. doi:10.1097/01.HMR.0000281626.28363.59
  • Maslach C, Jackson SE. The measurement of experienced burnout. J Organizat Behav. 1981;2(2):99-113. doi:10.1002/job.4030020205
  • Ergin C. Doktor ve hemşirelerde tükenmişlik ve Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeğin uyarlanması. VII. Ulusal Psikoloji Kongresi Bilimsel Çalışmaları El Kitabı. 1992:143-154.
  • Alpar R. Spor, sağlık ve eğitim bilimlerinden örneklerle uygulamalı istatistik ve geçerlik-güvenirlik. Detay Yayıncılık. 2020;5:493-604.
  • Çapık C. Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalişmalarinda doğrulayici faktör analizinin kullanimi. Anad Hemşir Sağlık Bil Derg. 2014;17(3):196-205.
  • Wallace JE, Lemaire JB, Ghali WA. Physician wellness: a missing quality indicator. Lancet. 2009;374(9702):1714-1721. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736 (09)61424-0
  • Bianchi R, Schonfeld IS, Laurent E. Burnout-depression overlap: a review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2015;36:28-41. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.01.004
  • West CP, Dyrbye LN, Shanafelt TD. Physician burnout: contributors, consequences and solutions. J Int Med. 2018;283(6):516-529. doi:10.1111/joim.12752
  • Shimotsu S, Poplau S, Linzer M. Validation of a brief clinician survey to reduce clinician burnout. J General Int Med. 2015;30(2):79-80.
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Family Medicine
Journal Section Original Article
Authors

Nazmiye Kaçmaz Ersu 0000-0002-3319-2884

Batuhan Bakırarar 0000-0002-5662-8193

Publication Date September 16, 2025
Submission Date May 3, 2025
Acceptance Date July 19, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 8 Issue: 5

Cite

AMA Kaçmaz Ersu N, Bakırarar B. Evaluating the Turkish validity and reliability of the mini Z 2.0 clinician worklife survey among physicians. J Health Sci Med / JHSM. September 2025;8(5):759-764. doi:10.32322/jhsm.1690010

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