Araştırma Makalesi
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Elit Kadın Futbolcularda Farklı Şiddetlerde Uygulanan Post Aktivasyon Potansiyelinin Sürat ve Çevikliğe Etkilerinin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 72 - 80, 28.08.2025

Öz

Bu çalışma, elit kadın futbolcularda farklı yoğunluklarda uygulanan post aktivasyon potansiyelinin (PAP) sürat ve çeviklik performansına etkilerini araştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Deneysel tasarım kapsamında, üç hafta süresince farklı PAP protokolleri uygulanmış ve testler arasında bir dakikalık dinlenme süreleri verilmiştir. Katılımcıların bireysel back squat 1 bir tekrar maksimumu (RM ) değerlerine göre %60, %80 ve %100 şiddetinde yüklemeler yapılarak çeşitli tekrar ve setler uygulanmıştır. Sonuçlar, çeviklik testlerinde gruplar arasında bazı anlamlı farklar olduğunu göstermiştir. Özellikle %80 şiddetinde uygulanan protokol ile kontrol grubu arasında anlamlı farklar saptanmış, bu da orta şiddette PAP uygulamalarının çeviklik üzerinde olumlu etkiler sağlayabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Ancak düşük ve yüksek şiddetli uygulamalar arasında belirgin farklar gözlemlenmemiştir. Dikey sıçrama ve sürat testlerinde ise genel olarak anlamlı bir gelişme elde edilememiştir. Bu durum, PAP uygulamalarının her bireyde benzer performans etkisi göstermediğini ve bireysel faktörlerin (biyomekanik yapı, nöromüsküler yanıtlar vb.) önemli olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Araştırma, PAP’ın çeviklik gibi karmaşık becerilerde sınırlı etkiler oluşturabileceğini ve bu tür becerilerin gelişimi için farklı antrenman yaklaşımlarının da gerekli olduğunu vurgulamaktadır.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma, İstanbul Gedik Üniversitesi Etik Kurulu tarafından değerlendirilmiş, etik açıdan uygun bulunmuş ve E-56365223-050.04-2025.137548.17 numaralı karar ile 03.01.2025 tarihinde onaylanmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Ballard, J. W., Schilling, B. K., & Thompson, B. (2017). The effects of moderate-intensity post-activation potentiation on agility performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(12), 3256-3263. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002115
  • Behm, D. G., Button, D. C., & Butt, J. C. (2004). Factors affecting the validity of measurements of force and power. Sports Medicine, 34(3), 213-226. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200434030-00003 Cormie, P., McGuigan, M. R., & Newton, R. U. (2011). Developing maximal neuromuscular power: Part 1—Biological basis of maximal power production. Sports Medicine, 41, 17-38. https://doi.org/10.2165/11537690-000000000-00000
  • Datson, N., Weston, M., Drust, B., Atkinson, G., Lolli, L., & Gregson, W. (2022). Reference values for performance test outcomes relevant to English female soccer players. Science and Medicine in Football, 6(5), 589-596 . https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2022.2037156
  • Dobbs, W. C., et al. Tolusso, D. V., Fedewa, M. V., & Esco, M. R. (2019). The effect of postactivation potentiation on sprint and jump performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 33(12), 3443–3450. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002750
  • Emre, M. (2022). Hentbol süper liginde oynayan yerli ve yabancı oyuncuların sürat, çeviklik ve teknik becerilerinin karşılaştırılması. [ Yüksek lisans tezi, Necmettin Erbakan University]. Fink, J. S. (2015). Female athletes, women's sport, and the sport media commercial complex: Have we really “come a long way, baby”? Sport management review, 18(3), 331-342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2014.05.001
  • Hodgson, M., Docherty, D., & Robbins, D. (2005). Post-activation potentiation: underlying physiology and implications for motor performance. Sports Medicine, 35, 585-595 . https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200535070-00004
  • MacIntyre, T. E., Bryant, P. E., & Munn, J. (2007). Post-activation potentiation and its application to sport. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21(1), 65-73. https://doi.org/10.1519/R-18356.1
  • Martínez-Rosales, E., Hernández-Martínez, A., Sola-Rodríguez, S., Esteban-Cornejo, I., & Soriano-Maldonado, A. (2021). Representation of women in sport sciences research, publications, and editorial leadership positions: are we moving forward? Journal of science and medicine in sport, 24(11), 1093-1097. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2021.04.010
  • McDonald, R. E., Laverie, D. A., & Manis, K. T. (2021). The interplay between advertising and society: an historical analysis. Journal of Macromarketing, 41(4), 585-609. https://doi.org/10.1177/0276146720964324
  • Pereira, L. A., Lima, S. C., & Silva, A. S. (2020). Biomechanical and neuromuscular factors affecting agility performance: A review. Sports Biomechanics, 19(2), 154-169. https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2019.1638060
  • Randell, R. K., Clifford, T., Drust, B., Moss, S. L., Unnithan, V. B., De Ste Croix, M. B., . . . Carter, J. M. (2021). Physiological characteristics of female soccer players and health and performance considerations: a narrative review. Sports Medicine, 51, 1377-1399. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01458-1
  • Rodas, G., Ferrer, E., Reche, X., Sanjuan-Herráez, J. D., McCall, A., & Quintás, G. (2022). A targeted metabolic analysis of football players and its association to player load: comparison between women and men profiles. Frontiers in Physiology, 13, 923608. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.923608
  • Schultz, J. (2021). Good enough? The ‘wicked’use of testosterone for defining femaleness in women’s sport. Sport in society, 24(4), 607-627 . https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2019.1703684
  • Seitz, L. B., & Haff, G. G. (2016). Factors modulating post-activation potentiation of jump, sprint, throw, and upper-body ballistic performances: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 46, 231-240 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0415-7
  • Tillin, N. A., & Bishop, D. (2009). Factors modulating post-activation potentiation and its effect on performance of subsequent explosive activities. Sports Medicine, 39, 147-166. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200939020-00004
  • Türkdoğan, H. E. (2019). Kan akımını kısıtlayıcı yöntem ile yapılan skuat hareketinin sıçrama performansı üzerine akut etkisi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Türkdoğan, H. E. (2019). Kan akımını kısıtlayıcı yöntem ile yapılan skuat hareketinin sıçrama performansı üzerine akut etkisi [Yüksek lisans tezi, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Türkiye ].
  • Umarov, D., Shaymardonov, D., Kazoqov, R., & Davurbayeva, M. (2024). USE OF MODERN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN IMPROVING PHYSICAL FITNESS OF FOOTBALL PLAYERS Use of modern information technologies in improving physical fitness of football players. Modern Science and Research, 3(2), 1313-1321.
  • Wilson, J. M., et al. Duncan, N. M., Marin, P. J., Brown, L. E., Loenneke, J. P., Wilson, S. M. C., Jo, E., Lowery, R. P., & Ugrinowitsch, C . (2013). Meta-analysis of PAP performance effects. Sports Medicine, 43(10), 903–920 . https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31825c2bdb
  • Weinberg, R. S., & Gould, D. (2023). Foundations of sport and exercise psychology: Human kinetics

Investigation of the Effects of Post-Activation Potentiation Applied at Different Intensities on Speed and Agility in Elite Female Football Players

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 72 - 80, 28.08.2025

Öz

This study aimed to investigate the effects of post-activation potentiation (PAP) applied at different intensities on speed and agility performance in elite female football players. Within the framework of an experimental design, different PAP protocols were applied over a three-week period, with 1-minute rest intervals between tests. Based on each participant’s individual back squat 1 Repetition Maximum(RM) values, load intensities of 60%, 80%, and 100% were used with varying repetitions and sets. The results showed some significant differences between groups in agility test performances. Notably, a significant improvement was observed in the group that performed the 80% intensity protocol compared to the control group, suggesting that moderate-intensity PAP applications may positively influence agility performance. However, no significant differences were found between the low- and high-intensity groups. Furthermore, no meaningful improvements were recorded in the vertical jump and speed tests. These findings indicate that PAP does not yield consistent performance effects across all individuals and that individual factors (such as biomechanical structure and neuromuscular responses) play a crucial role. The research highlights that PAP may have limited effects on complex skills such as agility and that the development of such abilities may require the integration of various training strategies beyond PAP.

Kaynakça

  • Ballard, J. W., Schilling, B. K., & Thompson, B. (2017). The effects of moderate-intensity post-activation potentiation on agility performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(12), 3256-3263. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002115
  • Behm, D. G., Button, D. C., & Butt, J. C. (2004). Factors affecting the validity of measurements of force and power. Sports Medicine, 34(3), 213-226. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200434030-00003 Cormie, P., McGuigan, M. R., & Newton, R. U. (2011). Developing maximal neuromuscular power: Part 1—Biological basis of maximal power production. Sports Medicine, 41, 17-38. https://doi.org/10.2165/11537690-000000000-00000
  • Datson, N., Weston, M., Drust, B., Atkinson, G., Lolli, L., & Gregson, W. (2022). Reference values for performance test outcomes relevant to English female soccer players. Science and Medicine in Football, 6(5), 589-596 . https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2022.2037156
  • Dobbs, W. C., et al. Tolusso, D. V., Fedewa, M. V., & Esco, M. R. (2019). The effect of postactivation potentiation on sprint and jump performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 33(12), 3443–3450. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002750
  • Emre, M. (2022). Hentbol süper liginde oynayan yerli ve yabancı oyuncuların sürat, çeviklik ve teknik becerilerinin karşılaştırılması. [ Yüksek lisans tezi, Necmettin Erbakan University]. Fink, J. S. (2015). Female athletes, women's sport, and the sport media commercial complex: Have we really “come a long way, baby”? Sport management review, 18(3), 331-342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2014.05.001
  • Hodgson, M., Docherty, D., & Robbins, D. (2005). Post-activation potentiation: underlying physiology and implications for motor performance. Sports Medicine, 35, 585-595 . https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200535070-00004
  • MacIntyre, T. E., Bryant, P. E., & Munn, J. (2007). Post-activation potentiation and its application to sport. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21(1), 65-73. https://doi.org/10.1519/R-18356.1
  • Martínez-Rosales, E., Hernández-Martínez, A., Sola-Rodríguez, S., Esteban-Cornejo, I., & Soriano-Maldonado, A. (2021). Representation of women in sport sciences research, publications, and editorial leadership positions: are we moving forward? Journal of science and medicine in sport, 24(11), 1093-1097. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2021.04.010
  • McDonald, R. E., Laverie, D. A., & Manis, K. T. (2021). The interplay between advertising and society: an historical analysis. Journal of Macromarketing, 41(4), 585-609. https://doi.org/10.1177/0276146720964324
  • Pereira, L. A., Lima, S. C., & Silva, A. S. (2020). Biomechanical and neuromuscular factors affecting agility performance: A review. Sports Biomechanics, 19(2), 154-169. https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2019.1638060
  • Randell, R. K., Clifford, T., Drust, B., Moss, S. L., Unnithan, V. B., De Ste Croix, M. B., . . . Carter, J. M. (2021). Physiological characteristics of female soccer players and health and performance considerations: a narrative review. Sports Medicine, 51, 1377-1399. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01458-1
  • Rodas, G., Ferrer, E., Reche, X., Sanjuan-Herráez, J. D., McCall, A., & Quintás, G. (2022). A targeted metabolic analysis of football players and its association to player load: comparison between women and men profiles. Frontiers in Physiology, 13, 923608. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.923608
  • Schultz, J. (2021). Good enough? The ‘wicked’use of testosterone for defining femaleness in women’s sport. Sport in society, 24(4), 607-627 . https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2019.1703684
  • Seitz, L. B., & Haff, G. G. (2016). Factors modulating post-activation potentiation of jump, sprint, throw, and upper-body ballistic performances: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 46, 231-240 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0415-7
  • Tillin, N. A., & Bishop, D. (2009). Factors modulating post-activation potentiation and its effect on performance of subsequent explosive activities. Sports Medicine, 39, 147-166. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200939020-00004
  • Türkdoğan, H. E. (2019). Kan akımını kısıtlayıcı yöntem ile yapılan skuat hareketinin sıçrama performansı üzerine akut etkisi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Türkdoğan, H. E. (2019). Kan akımını kısıtlayıcı yöntem ile yapılan skuat hareketinin sıçrama performansı üzerine akut etkisi [Yüksek lisans tezi, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Türkiye ].
  • Umarov, D., Shaymardonov, D., Kazoqov, R., & Davurbayeva, M. (2024). USE OF MODERN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN IMPROVING PHYSICAL FITNESS OF FOOTBALL PLAYERS Use of modern information technologies in improving physical fitness of football players. Modern Science and Research, 3(2), 1313-1321.
  • Wilson, J. M., et al. Duncan, N. M., Marin, P. J., Brown, L. E., Loenneke, J. P., Wilson, S. M. C., Jo, E., Lowery, R. P., & Ugrinowitsch, C . (2013). Meta-analysis of PAP performance effects. Sports Medicine, 43(10), 903–920 . https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31825c2bdb
  • Weinberg, R. S., & Gould, D. (2023). Foundations of sport and exercise psychology: Human kinetics
Toplam 19 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Antrenman
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Çağdaş Töre 0009-0007-1992-3656

Atakan Çağlayan 0000-0002-9786-1311

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Ağustos 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 30 Nisan 2025
Kabul Tarihi 18 Ağustos 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Töre, Ç., & Çağlayan, A. (2025). Elit Kadın Futbolcularda Farklı Şiddetlerde Uygulanan Post Aktivasyon Potansiyelinin Sürat ve Çevikliğe Etkilerinin İncelenmesi. Sağlık ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(2), 72-80.