INDICATORS OF THE DIFFERENCE AND TREND OF CHANGES IN THE PUPIL'S BODY COMPOSITION, DEPENDING ON GENDER

Year 2018, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 237 - 248, 01.04.2018

Ratko Pavlovic Wilson Mariz De Olıveıra

Abstract

Anthropometric characteristics (height and weight) are used in the assessment of the morphological status
of an individual, and on the basis of the results of BMI bring certain estimates and conclusions. BMI, as
a statistical measure, is used in many public health campaigns as an approximate measure of the ideal
body mass and the degree of nutrition of a population. The research covered the students of high school in
Pale, East Sarajevo (Bosnia and Herzegovina). The sample consists of a total of 115 respondents, 55 male
(average height 183,07±9,01cm, body weight 68,77±10.11kg, BMI 20,72±2.54g/m²) and 60 female (average
height 168,70±7,29; average body weight 56,03±8,66Kg; BMI 19,82±3,03kg/m²) who regularly attended
physical education in secondary vocational school, , aged 16±0.5 years. The main goal of the research was
to determine and analyze differences in BMI parameters between male and female students, aged 16±0.5
years, and determine the trend of changes. Using the T-test module, the obtained results confirmed that there
are statistically significant differences in body height (t=10,47; p<0.001) and body weight (t=7,72; p<0.001),
while in BMI values there are not statistically significant differences (t = -0.47, p>0.001).

Keywords

Body mass index, obesity, development trend, morphological status

References

• Abernethy, B., Hanrahan, J. S., Kipers, V., Mackinnon, T. L., & Pandy, G. M. ( 2012) Biophysical Basis of Human Movement. Beograd. DATASTATUS (Translate)
• Al-Nakeeb, Y., Duncan, M. J., Lyons, M., &Woodfield, L. (2007) Body fatness and physical activity levels of young children. Annals of human Biology; 34 (1): 1-12.
• Balint, T., Dobrescu,T., Rata, M., & Cristuta, A. (2010) Research regarding the assessment of a body’s normal size by using the body mass index . Gymnasium; 9 (2):14-20.
• Boot, L.M., Chey, T., Wake, M., Norton, K., Hesketh, K., Dollman, J., and Robertson, I. (2003) Change in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among young Australians, 1969–1997. Am J Clin Nutr.; 77(1): 29-36.
• Cho, M., & Kim, J.Y. (2017) Changes in physical fitness and body composition according to the physical activities of Korean adolescents. J Exerc Rehabil. 13(5): 568-572.
• Claessens, A.L., Hlatky, S., Lefevre, J., & Holdhaus, H. (1994) The role of anthropometric characteristics in modern pentathlon performance in female athletes. Journal of Sports Sciences. 12 (4): 391-401.
• Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). (1996) Centers for Disease Control and Preventio, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion.: Physical activity and Health: A report of the surgeon general. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of health and Human Services,Government Printing Office.
• Desmond, S. M., Price, J. H., Gray, N., & O’Connell, J. K. (1986) The etimology of adolescents’ perceptions of their weight. Journal Youth Adolesc. 15 (6): 461-474.
• Dopsaj, M., Milošević, M., Vučković, G., Blagojević, M., & Mudrić, R. (2005) Diagnostics of the body mass index of students of the Police Academy. Sport Medicine. 5 (4): 180-191.
• Dumić, M., & Mardešić, D. (2003) Rast i razvoj [Growth and development. In Croatian]. U: Mardešić, D, Ur. Pedijatrija. Zagreb: Školska knjiga. 25-45.
• Ekblom, B. Ö., Ekblom B. E. A., & Ekblom, T. B. (2009) Trends in body mass in Swedish adolescents between 2001 and 2007. Acta Pædiatrica. 9 (3): 519–522.
• Ezzati, M., Bentham, J., di Cesare, M., Bilano, V., ...., et Cisneros, J.Z. (2017) Worldwide trends in body mass index, underweight, overweight and obesity from 1957 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128.9 milion children, adolescents and adults. The Lancet. 390 (10113): 2627-2642.
• Hagg, U., & Taranger, J. (1991) Height and height velocity in early, average, and late maturers followed to the age of 25: A prospective longitudinal study of Swedishurban children from birth to adulthood. Annals of human Biology. 18, 47-56.
• Haskell, W. L., Lee, I. M., Pate, R. R., Powell, K. E., Blair, S. N., Franklin, B. A., et.al (2007) Physical activiti and public health:Updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 39(8): 1423-1434.
• Hedley, A.A., Ogden, C.L., Johnson, C.L., Carroll, M.D., Curtin, L.R., & Flegal, K.M. (2004) Prevalence of overweight and obesity among US children, adolescents, and adults, 1999–2002. JAMA. 291: 2847–2850.
• Jakonić, D. The basic of medicine sport. 2003. Novi Sad: Faculty of Physical Culture.
• Janssen, I., Katzmarezyk, P., & Ross, R. (2002) Body mass index, waist circumference, and health risk. Archives of Internal Medicine. 162: 2074-2079.
• Katmarzyk,R. T., Srinivasan, S. R., Chen, W., Malina, R. M., Bouchard, C., & Berenson, G. S. (2004) Body mass Index, waist circumference, and clustering of cardiovascular disease risik factors in a biracial sample of children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 114(2): e198-205.
• Kohl, H.W., 3rd, Hobbs, K.E. (1998) Development of physical activity behaviors among children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 101(3 Pt 2), 549-554.
• Koziel, S, & Gomula, A. (2017) Variation of height and BMI within school classes in 14-year-old children. Anthropol Anz.74(1):77-80.
• Malina, R. M. (1994) Physical activity and training: effects on stature and the adolescent growth spurt. Med Sci Sports Exercise. 26 (6): 759-766.
• Mišigoj-Duraković, M. (2008) Rast, sazrijevanje i razvoj [Growth, maturation and development.
• In Croatian] U: Mišigoj-Duraković M, ur. Kinantropologija: Biološki aspekti tjelesne vježbe.
• Zelina: Kineziološki fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. 129-224.
• Ogden, C. L., Carroll, M. D., Curtin, L., Lamb, M., & Flegel, K. (2010) Prevalence of high body mass index in US children and adolescents, 2007-2008. Journal of the American Medical Association. 299(20): 2401-2405.
• Pavlović, R. Athletics-anthropological characteristics. (2003) Faculty of Physical Culture, University of East Sarajevo.
• Pavlović, R., Bjelica, B., Bonacin, D., Pržulj, R., & Stojanović, N. (2017) Differences in motor abilities manifestations depending on quantitative parameters of Body mass index of students. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science. 3 (8): 64-81.
• Pavlović, R., Raković, A., & Pupiš, M. (2016) The level of development of bone and muscle tissues of students applying Lorentz constitutional and muscle index. Slovak Journal of Sport Science. 1(1): 15-25.
• Ross, R., Freeman, J., & Janssen, P. (2000) Exercise alone is an effective strategy for reducing obesity and related comorbidities. Exercise and Sport Science Review. 28, 165-170.
• Sadoh, W. E., Sadoh, A. E., & Onyiriuaka, A. N. (2016) Physical activity, body mass index and bloond pressure in primary school pupils attending private school. Afr. Health Sci. 16(4): 947- 953.
• Sallis, JF., McKenzie, TL., Conway, TL., Elder, JP., Prochaska, JJ., Brown, M., Zive, MM., Marshall, SJ.,& Alcaraz, JE. (2003) Environmental interventions for eating and physical activity: a randomized controlled trial in middle schools. Am J Prev. Med. 24(3): 209-217.
• Sharkey, J. B., & Gaskill, E. S. (2008) Fitness and Health. Beograd: Data Status (Translate)
• Singh, A. S., Mulder, C., Twisk, J. W., van Mechelen, W., & Chinapaw, M. J. (2008) Tracking of childhood overweight into adultthood: a sistematic review of the literature. Obesity Review. 9, 474-488.
• Sorensen, L., Smolander, J.,Louhevara, V., Korhonene, O., & Oja, P. (2000) Physical activity, fitness and body composition of Finnish police officers: A 15-year follow-up study. Occupational Medicine. 50 (1): 3-10.
• Stunkard, A., Foch, T., & Hrubec, V. (1986) A twin study of human obesity. Journal of the American Medical Association. 256, 51-54.
• Šegregur, D., Kuhar, V., & Parađzik, P. (2010) Antropometrical, motorical and functional abilites
• of first-grade secondary school students. Croatian Sports Medicine Journal. 25, 67-74.
• Van der Ploeg GE, Gunn SM, Withers RT, Modra AC. (2003) Use of anthropometric variables to predict relative body fat determined by a four-compartment body composition model. Eur J Clin Nutr. 57(8):1009-1016.
• Vasić, Z., Vidović, S., Šuščević, D., Karan, Ž., Lončar, M., Ramić, I., Dragić, S. (2011) Anthropometric analysis of elementary school pupils in rural areas. Journal of the Anthropologycal Society
• Serbia. (46): 95-102.
• Wang. Y., & Lobstein, T. Worldwide trends in childhood overweight and obesity. Int J Pediatr Obes. 2006; 1,11–25.
• Warner, E.R., Fornetti, W.C., Jallo, J.J., & Pivarnik, J.M. A (2004) Skinfold Model to Predict Fat Free Mass in Female Athletes. Journal Athletic Training., 39 (3): 259-262.
• Wickelgren, I. (1998) Obesity: How big a problem? Science. 280, 1364-1367.
• Zeigler, E. & Filer, R. (2000) Present knowledge in nutrition (7. edition), Washington, DC: International Life Sciences Press.
• Рavlović, R., Raković, A., Mihajlović, I., Petrović, B., & Stanković, D. (2015) Analysis of the morphological status students by applying of different methods of the index. SPORT SCIENCE- International Scientific Journal on Kinesiology, 8 Suppl. (1): 30-39.