Cyto- and Genotoxic Activity of Pesticide Cypermex Plus 550 EC on Allium cepa L.

Year 2015, Volume: 10 Issue: 4, 475 - 481, 30.10.2015

Anila Dizdari Mesi , D. Kopliku

Abstract

The
impact of pesticides on crop production is undoubtedly profitable, but they
constitute a common and widespread cause of soil, water and air pollution,
especially in developing countries as Albania. Remaining available into the
environment, pesticides can be locally and globally dangerous for ecosystems.
Many studies using different bioassays have demonstrated their harmful toxic
effects. The present study aimed to evaluate the short-term cyto- and genotoxic
activity of the insecticide cypermex plus 550 EC (Chloropyrifos 50% +
Cypermetrin 5% EC) on a crop plant and bioassay as Allim cepa L. The roots of onion bulbs were exposed for 48 h to three doses, representing
¼, ½ and EC₅₀ concentrations of the pesticide. The
following microscopic parameters: mitotic and phase indexes, micronuclei
formation



















and chromosomal
aberration frequency and types were evaluated and compared. The results showed obvious pesticide concentration-dependence.
Mitotic index substantially decreased at the highest applied concentration in
particular, while accumulation of dividing cells in prophase stage started being
significant since at ½ EC₅₀ of cypermex plus. The frequencies of abnormal
dividing cells and intephase micronucleated cells were considerably increased,
as well. Physiological and clastogenic types of chromosomal aberrations, as:
bridges, multipolarity, laggard chromosomes and c-anaphase, were observed in
all concentrations. The current data obviously demonstrated that the analyzed
concentrations of cypermex plus insecticide (commonly used and applied for
decades in Albanian agriculture) can potentially induce cyto/genotoxic effect
(even mutagenic and clastogenic impact)
on crops and non target organisms, ultimately damaging biota and human health.

Keywords

insekticides, cypermex plus 550 EC, Allium cepa L. assay, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity

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