Determination of Flood Plains through GIS (Geographical Information Systems): The Sample of Silivri District

Year 2017, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 90 - 102, 30.03.2017

Fatih Aydin Osman Çepni Betül Ilhan

Abstract

Silivri,
a district within the borders of Istanbul, is an open area against the natural
disasters such as earthquake and flood. The district is located on the second
and the third seismic belts. In consequence of the flood which occurred in
2009, many dwellings were damaged and this flood disaster caused many losses of
lives. The housings, within the floodplains, increased between the years of
1980-1990. In this process, there is almost no free space between Highway D-100
and the Sea of Marmara. Concordantly, Silivri was imprisoned within this narrow
space in this period. When we look at the 2000s, we see dense housings in the floodplains of Boğluca Stream. In
this period, the first of the two big flood disasters has happened in
consequence of overflowing of Tuzla and Boğluca streams in 2007. The second one
has happened in 2009 and caused financial losses as well as losses of lives. In
this study, the risk analysis of the occurring overflows and the risk of changing
into natural disasters of these overflows taken place in the district will be
investigated while the risk analysis belonging to the overflows occurring in
the district is carried out by benefiting from the methods and the techniques
of Geographical Information Systems (GIS). In the scope of the study, the aim
is to determine the extents of the overflow risks and the areas-at-risk in the
district, to identify the places which may be affected most by an overflow
within those areas that are under the risk and correspondingly, to reveal which
measures might be taken against these disasters. In accordance with this study,
the maps regarding overflow risks are formed by benefiting from physical maps,
slope, aspect, and the principle of superposition. As   a result of the examinations that has been
made, it is determined that Tuzla and Boğluca streams have affected the
housings in the area between the Sea of Marmara and Highway D-100 in
consequence of the sudden overflows. These streams have to be reformed and
closed for zoning of the areas which are not suitable for settlement. In this
context, it is necessary to do the required
planning.

Keywords

Overflow, streams, Geographical information systems, Silivri

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