Acute and Chronic Effects of Water Soluble Fraction WSF of Diesel Fuel on Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L. 1758)

Year 2016, Volume: 11 Issue: 4, 331 - 345, 30.12.2016

Ayat Munaf Hameed Ahmed J. M. Al-azawi

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the acute and chronic toxicity of water
soluble fraction WSF of diesel fuel on common carp Cyprinus carpio. The
median lethal concentrations (LC₅₀) in C. carpio
were 0.005993, 0.005972, 0.005942 and 0.005931% for exposure period of 24, 48,
72 and 96 hours respectively. Behavioural changes were studied during acute
toxicity period, and were abnormal movement, swimming near to water surface of
aquaria, lose of body balance and suddenly movement with jump.  These changes have increased as concentration
of diesel fuel and duration of exposure increased. The chronic toxic effects of
water soluble fraction of diesel fuel on C. carpio were determined by
using three concentrations (0.00039%, 0.00059% and 0.0011%) with eight fishes
for six weeks. Histological changes in liver, gill, kidney and muscles were
assessed after 2, 4 and 6 weeks of chronic exposure. Histological changes in
liver were cellular swelling, degeneration of hepatocytes, necrosis, cellular
atrophy and nuclear pyknosis. In gill, these changes were congestion, necrosis,
cellular swelling, thickened of primary and secondary lamella. In the kidney,
observed changes were glomerular degeneration, dilation of Bowman’s space, tubular
degeneration and necrosis. While in skeletal muscles, the changes were atrophy
and necrosis of muscle fiber and fragmented of myofibrils. These histological
changes have found to be more severe when exposure time and concentration of
water soluble fraction WSF of diesel fuel increased.

Keywords

Cyprinus carpio, LC50, WSF Diesel fuel, behavior, Histological changes

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