Human Health Risk Assessment of Trihalomethane through Multi-Pathway Exposure from Drinking Water of Baghdad, Iraq

Year 2016, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 294 - 302, 30.09.2016

Noor Yaseen Salih Muhammad N. A. Al-azzawi

Abstract

The toxicological risks and lifetime cancer
risks of trihalomethanes through oral ingestion, dermal absorption, and
inhalation exposure from tap water in selected regions in Baghdad are
estimated. The USEPA risk assessment model approach as the hazard quotients
(HQ) of CF, BDCM and DBCM in the investigated distribution networks is exceeded
the WHO guideline value for several sites but the HQ of BF was within the WHO
guideline value for all sites. The multi-pathway evaluations of lifetime cancer
risks by 4 THMs (CF, BDCM, DBCM and BF) via three exposure routes (oral, dermal
and inhalation) was 1.06×10-4, 0.87×10-4, 1.10×10-4 and 1.50×10-4 respectively,
which exceeded the USEPA range of concern limit of 1.0×10-6. However, the DBCM
was the higher cancer risk compare with the other THMs, and BF was the lower
cancer risk.

Keywords

Water, Baghdad, Multipathway, Risk assessment, Trihalomethanes

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