Case Report
BibTex RIS Cite

A New Paradigm for in-Situ Conservation, other Effective Area- Based Conservation Measures; Case of Karacadag Steppes

Year 2023, Volume: 18 Issue: 4, 154 - 167, 30.12.2023

Abstract

Protected areas are the most important cornerstones in the protection of natural resources and biodiversity. At the same time, they provide benefits to residents and are also instruments that contribute to the implementation of international agreements. They are known by a multitude of names in different countries and are governed according to both nationally and internationally accepted agreements and/or approaches. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has created a classification system that identifies six categories of protected area according to their management objectives to create a common understanding for each category. While the protected areas are an essential and continually growing approach to conservation, there is difficulties to applicate universally for the conservation of biodiversity. Therefore, apart from national and regional protected areas, various tools and networks also contribute to the effective in-situ conservation of natural resources and biodiversity. 'Other Effective area-based Conservation Measures' (OECMs) have been recognized as an important opportunity to achieve this aim. The OECMs has the potential to promote a new model for conservation that fosters inclusive approaches and equitably governs land, forests, freshwater and oceans to achieve long-term conservation, as well as social, economic, and cultural wellbeing. In the October 2023, total 870 number of OECMs in the world. For Türkiye, a case study was carried out and an OECMs assessment report prepared for Karacadağ Steppes in the scope of "Conservation and Sustainable Management of the Türkiye’s' Steppe Ecosystems Project " that was implemented between 2017-2022 by the FAO and the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. It is the first case for Türkiye and introduced the OECM approach to the policy agenda as well.

Thanks

The assessment for Karacadag OECM was conducted under the Management Planning for Karacadag carried out in 2020-2021 within the scope of the Conservation and Sustainable Management of Turkey's Steppe Ecosystems - GCP/TUR/061/GFF) project being executed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in close cooperation with the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MoAF) General Directorate of Nature Conservation and National Parks, General Directorate of Plant Production and General Directorate of Forestry. I would like to specially thank to the General Directorate of Nature Conservation and National Parks, the General Directorate of Plant Production and the General Directorate of Forestry of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) for this effort. In addition, planning process has been carried out by a consultancy group, therefore special thanks to the experts who participated either whole process and or planning processes.

References

  • Bansard J, Schröder M, (2021) The Sustainable Use of Natural Resources: The Governance Challenge. still only one earth: Lessons from 50 years of UN sustainable development policy, ISSD Earth Negotiation Bulletin. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/9781119879954.ch13
  • Boucher Timothy M., Spalding Mark, and Revenga Carmen (2013) Role and Trends of Protected Areas in Conservation. In: Levin S.A. (ed.) Encyclopedia of Biodiversity, second edition, Volume 6, pp. 485-503. Waltham, MA: Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.7831/ras.3.54
  • CBD (2010). Decision adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity at its tenth meeting. Decision X/2. Strategic plan for biodiversity 2011–2020. Available at: COP-10 Decisions (cbd.int) https://treaties.un.org/doc/source/docs/ UNEP_CBD_COP_DEC_X_1-E.pdf
  • CBD (2018). Protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures (Decision 14/8). https://www.cbd.int/ doc/decisions/cop-14/cop
  • CBD (2022a). Decision adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity at its Fifteenth meeting. Decision 15/3. Review of progress in the implementation of the Convention and the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 and the achievement of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets. Available at: https://www.cbd.int/decisions/cop/?m=cop-15
  • CBD (2022b). Decision Adopted By The Conference Of The Parties To The Convention On Biologicaldiversity, 15/4. Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, CBD/COP/DEC/15/4, 19 December 2022, https://www.cbd.int/doc/decisions/cop-15/cop-15-dec-04-en.pdf
  • Dudley, N., Mulongoy, Kalemani Jo., Cohen, S., Stolton, s., Barber, C.V., and Gidda, S.B., (2005). Towards Effective Protected Area Systems. An Action Guide to Implement the Convention on Biological Diversity Programme of Work on Protected Areas. Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Montreal, Technical Series no. 18, 108 pages.
  • Dudley, N. (Editor), (2008). Guidelines for Applying Protected Area Management Categories. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. x + 86pp.
  • Dudley, N., Higgins-Zogib, L., Hockings, M., Mackinnon, K., Sandwith, T. & Stolton, S., (2011). National parks with benefits: How protecting the planet’s biodiversity also provides ecosystem services. Solutions, 2(6): 26–34. www.thesolutionsjournal.com/article/national-parks-with-benefitshow- protecting-the-planets-biodiversity-also- provides-ecosystemservices.
  • FAO-MAF, (2019). Surveys and Assessments on Biodiversity, Socio-Economic and Socio-Cultural Aspects, Ongoing Grazing Activities and Livestock Situation. Conservation and Sustainable Management of Turkey’s Steppe Ecosystems Project Result Report
  • FAO-MAF, (2022a). Karacadağ Steppes Management Plan. Publication of “Conservation and Sustainable Management of Türkiye’s Steppe Ecosystems Project”. Ankara.
  • FAO and MAF, (2022b). Şanlıurfa steppe conservation strategy and action plan 2021–2030. Ankara. https://doi. org/10.4060/cc0046en
  • FAO & MAF, (2022c). The Application of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System (GIAHS) Approach in Karacadağ Management Plan (Karacadağ Rice): Final Report.
  • FAO & MAF, (2022d). Multi-Species Action Plan for Crop Wild Relatives Publication of “Conservation and Sustainable Management of Türkiye’s Steppe Ecosystems Project”. Ankara
  • Güven E, Isfendiyaroğlu S, Yeniyurt C, Erkol IL, Karataş A, Ataol M, (2016) Identifying key biodiversity areas in Turkey: a multi-taxon approach, International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services & Management, 12:3, 181-190, DOI: 10.1080/21513732.2016.1182949.
  • IUCN WCPA. (2019). PARKS. Int. J. Protected Areas & Conser., 25.2, Gland, Switzerland: IUCN.
  • IUCN-WCPA Task Force on OECMs. (2019). Recognising and reporting other effective area-based conservation measures. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN.
  • IUCN/WCPA, (2022). Site-level tool for identifying other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs). Version 2.0. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas.
  • Key Biodiversity Areas Partnership (2023). Key Biodiversity Areas factsheet: Karacadağ. Extracted from the World Database of Key Biodiversity Areas. Developed by the Key Biodiversity Areas Partnership: BirdLife International, IUCN, American Bird Conservancy, Amphibian Survival Alliance, Conservation International, Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund, Global Environment Facility, Re:wild, NatureServe, Rainforest Trust, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, World Wildlife Fund and Wildlife Conservation Society. Downloaded from http://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/ on 17/10/2023.
  • Lim, M. (2021). Biodiversity 2050: can the Convention on Biological Diversity deliver a world living in harmony with nature? Yearbook of International Environmental Law, 30(1 (2019)),79-101. https://doi.org/10.1093/yiel/yvaa079
  • Marnewick, D., Jonas H. and Stevens C. (Draft)\, (2020). Site-level methodology for identifying other effective area- based conservation measures (OECMs). IUCN: Gland, Switzerland.
  • Naughton-Treves, L., Holland, M., (2005). The Role of Protected Areas in Conserving Biodiversity and Sustaining Local Livelihoods. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. 30: 219-52. doi: 10.1146/annurev.energy.30.050504.164507
  • https://www.protectedplanet.net, Date of access, September 2023
  • https://www.protectedplanet.net/en/resources/october-2023-update-of-the-wdpa-and-wd-oecm
  • https://www.cbd.int/gbf/vision/ Date of access, October 2023
  • MoAF, (2019). National Biodiversity Action Plan (2018-2028). Additional Action Plan for NBSAP
  • Yenilmez Arpa N., Coşgun, U., Erdönmez, C., Güngöroğlu, C., Arda, S. S., (2022). Korunan Alanların Yönetim Etkinliğinin Değerlendirilmesi RAPPAM Uygulaması 2022 Yılı Sonuçları, 2005 ve 2009 Yılları ile Karşılaştırması, Ankara, 245 sayfa
  • Yenilmez Arpa, N., (2022). Project Result Booklet, Conservation and Sustainable Management of Türkiye’s Steppe Ecosystems Project, FAO, Ankara
  • UNEP-WCMC, (2017). Protected Planet: Global Database on Protected Area Management Effectiveness User Manual 1.0 UNEP-WCMC: Cambridge, UK. Available at: http://wcmc.io/GDPAME_User_Manual_EN
  • WWF, (2020). Living Planet Report 2020- Bending the curve of biodiversity loss. Almond, R.E.A., Grooten M. and Petersen, T. (Eds). WWF, Gland, Switzerland.
  • WWF, (2022). Living Planet Report 2022 – Building a naturepositive society. Almond, R.E.A., Grooten, M., Juffe Bignoli, D. & Petersen, T. (Eds). WWF, Gland, Switzerland.
  • OECM- Karacadag, (2022). Site-level tool for identifying other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs) for Karacadag Steppes, Prepared in the scope of “Conservation and Sustainable Management of Türkiye’s Steppe Ecosystems Project.”
Year 2023, Volume: 18 Issue: 4, 154 - 167, 30.12.2023

Abstract

References

  • Bansard J, Schröder M, (2021) The Sustainable Use of Natural Resources: The Governance Challenge. still only one earth: Lessons from 50 years of UN sustainable development policy, ISSD Earth Negotiation Bulletin. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/9781119879954.ch13
  • Boucher Timothy M., Spalding Mark, and Revenga Carmen (2013) Role and Trends of Protected Areas in Conservation. In: Levin S.A. (ed.) Encyclopedia of Biodiversity, second edition, Volume 6, pp. 485-503. Waltham, MA: Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.7831/ras.3.54
  • CBD (2010). Decision adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity at its tenth meeting. Decision X/2. Strategic plan for biodiversity 2011–2020. Available at: COP-10 Decisions (cbd.int) https://treaties.un.org/doc/source/docs/ UNEP_CBD_COP_DEC_X_1-E.pdf
  • CBD (2018). Protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures (Decision 14/8). https://www.cbd.int/ doc/decisions/cop-14/cop
  • CBD (2022a). Decision adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity at its Fifteenth meeting. Decision 15/3. Review of progress in the implementation of the Convention and the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 and the achievement of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets. Available at: https://www.cbd.int/decisions/cop/?m=cop-15
  • CBD (2022b). Decision Adopted By The Conference Of The Parties To The Convention On Biologicaldiversity, 15/4. Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, CBD/COP/DEC/15/4, 19 December 2022, https://www.cbd.int/doc/decisions/cop-15/cop-15-dec-04-en.pdf
  • Dudley, N., Mulongoy, Kalemani Jo., Cohen, S., Stolton, s., Barber, C.V., and Gidda, S.B., (2005). Towards Effective Protected Area Systems. An Action Guide to Implement the Convention on Biological Diversity Programme of Work on Protected Areas. Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Montreal, Technical Series no. 18, 108 pages.
  • Dudley, N. (Editor), (2008). Guidelines for Applying Protected Area Management Categories. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. x + 86pp.
  • Dudley, N., Higgins-Zogib, L., Hockings, M., Mackinnon, K., Sandwith, T. & Stolton, S., (2011). National parks with benefits: How protecting the planet’s biodiversity also provides ecosystem services. Solutions, 2(6): 26–34. www.thesolutionsjournal.com/article/national-parks-with-benefitshow- protecting-the-planets-biodiversity-also- provides-ecosystemservices.
  • FAO-MAF, (2019). Surveys and Assessments on Biodiversity, Socio-Economic and Socio-Cultural Aspects, Ongoing Grazing Activities and Livestock Situation. Conservation and Sustainable Management of Turkey’s Steppe Ecosystems Project Result Report
  • FAO-MAF, (2022a). Karacadağ Steppes Management Plan. Publication of “Conservation and Sustainable Management of Türkiye’s Steppe Ecosystems Project”. Ankara.
  • FAO and MAF, (2022b). Şanlıurfa steppe conservation strategy and action plan 2021–2030. Ankara. https://doi. org/10.4060/cc0046en
  • FAO & MAF, (2022c). The Application of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System (GIAHS) Approach in Karacadağ Management Plan (Karacadağ Rice): Final Report.
  • FAO & MAF, (2022d). Multi-Species Action Plan for Crop Wild Relatives Publication of “Conservation and Sustainable Management of Türkiye’s Steppe Ecosystems Project”. Ankara
  • Güven E, Isfendiyaroğlu S, Yeniyurt C, Erkol IL, Karataş A, Ataol M, (2016) Identifying key biodiversity areas in Turkey: a multi-taxon approach, International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services & Management, 12:3, 181-190, DOI: 10.1080/21513732.2016.1182949.
  • IUCN WCPA. (2019). PARKS. Int. J. Protected Areas & Conser., 25.2, Gland, Switzerland: IUCN.
  • IUCN-WCPA Task Force on OECMs. (2019). Recognising and reporting other effective area-based conservation measures. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN.
  • IUCN/WCPA, (2022). Site-level tool for identifying other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs). Version 2.0. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas.
  • Key Biodiversity Areas Partnership (2023). Key Biodiversity Areas factsheet: Karacadağ. Extracted from the World Database of Key Biodiversity Areas. Developed by the Key Biodiversity Areas Partnership: BirdLife International, IUCN, American Bird Conservancy, Amphibian Survival Alliance, Conservation International, Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund, Global Environment Facility, Re:wild, NatureServe, Rainforest Trust, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, World Wildlife Fund and Wildlife Conservation Society. Downloaded from http://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/ on 17/10/2023.
  • Lim, M. (2021). Biodiversity 2050: can the Convention on Biological Diversity deliver a world living in harmony with nature? Yearbook of International Environmental Law, 30(1 (2019)),79-101. https://doi.org/10.1093/yiel/yvaa079
  • Marnewick, D., Jonas H. and Stevens C. (Draft)\, (2020). Site-level methodology for identifying other effective area- based conservation measures (OECMs). IUCN: Gland, Switzerland.
  • Naughton-Treves, L., Holland, M., (2005). The Role of Protected Areas in Conserving Biodiversity and Sustaining Local Livelihoods. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. 30: 219-52. doi: 10.1146/annurev.energy.30.050504.164507
  • https://www.protectedplanet.net, Date of access, September 2023
  • https://www.protectedplanet.net/en/resources/october-2023-update-of-the-wdpa-and-wd-oecm
  • https://www.cbd.int/gbf/vision/ Date of access, October 2023
  • MoAF, (2019). National Biodiversity Action Plan (2018-2028). Additional Action Plan for NBSAP
  • Yenilmez Arpa N., Coşgun, U., Erdönmez, C., Güngöroğlu, C., Arda, S. S., (2022). Korunan Alanların Yönetim Etkinliğinin Değerlendirilmesi RAPPAM Uygulaması 2022 Yılı Sonuçları, 2005 ve 2009 Yılları ile Karşılaştırması, Ankara, 245 sayfa
  • Yenilmez Arpa, N., (2022). Project Result Booklet, Conservation and Sustainable Management of Türkiye’s Steppe Ecosystems Project, FAO, Ankara
  • UNEP-WCMC, (2017). Protected Planet: Global Database on Protected Area Management Effectiveness User Manual 1.0 UNEP-WCMC: Cambridge, UK. Available at: http://wcmc.io/GDPAME_User_Manual_EN
  • WWF, (2020). Living Planet Report 2020- Bending the curve of biodiversity loss. Almond, R.E.A., Grooten M. and Petersen, T. (Eds). WWF, Gland, Switzerland.
  • WWF, (2022). Living Planet Report 2022 – Building a naturepositive society. Almond, R.E.A., Grooten, M., Juffe Bignoli, D. & Petersen, T. (Eds). WWF, Gland, Switzerland.
  • OECM- Karacadag, (2022). Site-level tool for identifying other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs) for Karacadag Steppes, Prepared in the scope of “Conservation and Sustainable Management of Türkiye’s Steppe Ecosystems Project.”
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Conservation and Biodiversity
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Nihan Yenilmez Arpa 0000-0002-3380-5409

Early Pub Date December 30, 2023
Publication Date December 30, 2023
Submission Date November 3, 2023
Acceptance Date December 30, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 18 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Yenilmez Arpa, N. (2023). A New Paradigm for in-Situ Conservation, other Effective Area- Based Conservation Measures; Case of Karacadag Steppes. Journal of International Environmental Application and Science, 18(4), 154-167.
AMA Yenilmez Arpa N. A New Paradigm for in-Situ Conservation, other Effective Area- Based Conservation Measures; Case of Karacadag Steppes. J. Int. Environmental Application & Science. December 2023;18(4):154-167.
Chicago Yenilmez Arpa, Nihan. “A New Paradigm for in-Situ Conservation, Other Effective Area- Based Conservation Measures; Case of Karacadag Steppes”. Journal of International Environmental Application and Science 18, no. 4 (December 2023): 154-67.
EndNote Yenilmez Arpa N (December 1, 2023) A New Paradigm for in-Situ Conservation, other Effective Area- Based Conservation Measures; Case of Karacadag Steppes. Journal of International Environmental Application and Science 18 4 154–167.
IEEE N. Yenilmez Arpa, “A New Paradigm for in-Situ Conservation, other Effective Area- Based Conservation Measures; Case of Karacadag Steppes”, J. Int. Environmental Application & Science, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 154–167, 2023.
ISNAD Yenilmez Arpa, Nihan. “A New Paradigm for in-Situ Conservation, Other Effective Area- Based Conservation Measures; Case of Karacadag Steppes”. Journal of International Environmental Application and Science 18/4 (December 2023), 154-167.
JAMA Yenilmez Arpa N. A New Paradigm for in-Situ Conservation, other Effective Area- Based Conservation Measures; Case of Karacadag Steppes. J. Int. Environmental Application & Science. 2023;18:154–167.
MLA Yenilmez Arpa, Nihan. “A New Paradigm for in-Situ Conservation, Other Effective Area- Based Conservation Measures; Case of Karacadag Steppes”. Journal of International Environmental Application and Science, vol. 18, no. 4, 2023, pp. 154-67.
Vancouver Yenilmez Arpa N. A New Paradigm for in-Situ Conservation, other Effective Area- Based Conservation Measures; Case of Karacadag Steppes. J. Int. Environmental Application & Science. 2023;18(4):154-67.

“Journal of International Environmental Application and Science”