Some Aspects of the Etymology, Ontology and Genesis of the Methodologies of Historical Cognition

Year 2019, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 24 - 41, 22.08.2019

Olga Borysova

Abstract

The problems of the methodology of historic cognition have always been related to the most difficult and simultaneously the most interesting themes for historians and
philosophers. The current period of the historic cognition development has been
recognized by scholars as the epoch of
crisis, the reason of which is the fallibility in the epistemological
foundations of the two doctrines, which until now have determined the theoretical understanding of the
historical process - positivism and historical
materialism. And in order to
overcome the crisis the historians need to make the search of new methodologies and methods of historical cognition 
more actively. In this paper the etymology, ontology and genesis of the main
methodological approaches in historical cognition are researched on the basis of the analysis of the work of the historians, philosophers, social anthropologists, and
others. Relatively
to some important methodological
problems, the author describes out her own vision and makes the conclusion that the anthropological approach is the latest
methodological approach to the cognition of
history. It does
not go beyond the outlet of the old scientific
paradigm, so it can not provide the principle of historicism of exit out of the state of crisis. And she drews attention to the fact Here is caution required that
philosophers and historians focus on the problems of time, including
historical, whereas paying little attention to the
problems of space. In this plane, basing on  interdisciplinism, as the author supposes, there have to
appear a new discovery of the world importance,
which will change the old paradigm of science in general, and historical in
particular. At the same time, the author warns against haste in the matter of
changing the world-view principle of anthropocentrism to anthropomorphism, in the way as some modern physicists are appeal to.

Keywords

history, philosophy, methodology, paradigm, historicism, positivism, thinking, historical thinking

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