20. Yüzyılın Başlarında Müslüman Kentsel Kültürlerine İlişkin Bilgilerin Tatar Kamusal Söyleminden Ukrayna Kamusal Söylemine Aktarılması (İsmail Gasprinskiy ve Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi)

Year 2024, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 317 - 330, 28.12.2024

Yevhen Filianin

https://doi.org/10.59839/jiees.1479119

Abstract

Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi, 19. yüzyılın sonu ile 20. yüzyılın başında yaşamış Ukraynalı bir yazar, gazeteci ve siyasi aktivisttir. Ukrayna edebiyatının en yetenekli temsilcilerinden biri olarak kabul edilir. Zarif bir empresyonist ve psikolojik düzyazı ustası olarak tanınır. 1890'larda hayatının toplam iki yılını Kırım'da geçirdi. Sonuç olarak “Kırım serisini” yazdı (üç kısa öykü: “Şeytanın Zincirlerinde”, “Taşın Üstünde” ve “Minarelerin Altında”).
Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi'nin Kırım Yarımadası'na yaptığı gezi, kronolojik olarak Kırım kamusal söylemindeki ilerici fikirlerin varlığıyla örtüşmektedir. Kırım'da Avrupa tarzı reformların ateşli destekçileri vardı. Bu tür hareketlerin önde gelen isimlerinden biri, Tatar bir aydın ve Pan-Türkist olan İsmail Gaspıralı'ydı. Bazı Batılı unsurların uyarlanması yoluyla Müslüman kültürlerinin modernleşmesi kavramını destekledi. İsmail Gaspıralı, gelenekselciliğin Müslüman toplumların gelişimi üzerindeki olumsuz etkisine ikna olmuştu. Kotsiubynskyi'nin kısa öykülerinin içeriği, 20. yüzyılın başlarındaki Kırım gerçekliği ve Gaspıralı'nın anlatısıyla önemli ölçüde örtüşmektedir.
Bu makale, Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi'nin 20. yüzyılın başlarında Müslüman kentsel kültürleri hakkındaki bilgilerin Tatar kamu söyleminden Ukrayna söylemine aktarılmasındaki rolünü incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Keywords

Alım Çalışmaları, Ukrayna Kamu Söylemi, “Kievskaya starina”, “Ukrayna Ulusal Rönesansı”, Tatarlar, İslam, Entelektüel Tarih, Ukrayna Tarihçiliği

The transfer of information about Muslim urban cultures from the Tatar public discourse to the Ukrainian one in the early 20th century (Ismail Gasprinsky and Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi)

Abstract

Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi is a Ukrainian author, journalist, and political activist of the late 19th – early 20th century. He is considered one of the most talented representatives of Ukrainian literature. He is known as an elegant impressionist and master of psychological prose. In the 1890’s he spent a total of two years of his life in Crimea. As a result, he wrote the «Crimean series» (three short stories: “In the Shaytan’s Chains”, “On the Stone”, and “Under the Minarets”).
Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi's trip to the Crimean Peninsula coincides chronologically with the presence of progressive ideas in the Crimean public discourse. There were passionate supporters of European-style reform in Crimea. One of the leading figures for such movements was Ismail Gasprinsky - a Tatar enlightener and Pan-Turkist. He supported the concept of the modernization of Muslim cultures through the adaptation of some Western elements. Ismail Gasprinsky was convinced of the negative influence of traditionalism on the development of Muslim societies. The content of Kotsiubynskyi's short stories matches the Crimean reality of the early 20th century and Gasprinsky’s narrative considerably.
The paper aims to examine Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi's role in the transfer of information about Muslim urban cultures from the Tatar public discourse to the Ukrainian one in the early 20th century.

Keywords

Reception Studies, The Ukrainian Public Discourse, "Kievskaya starina", "The Ukrainian National Renaissance", Tatars, Islam, Intellectual History, The Ukrainian Historiography

References

• A.A., Rasporyazhenie heneral-hubernatora Khlebova po sluchayu proezda tureckoho poslannika cherez h. Kiev [Order of Governor General Glebov on the occasion of the Turkish envoy's passage through Kyiv] Kievskaya starina, Vol. XXXVI, 1892, January, p. 146-148.
• A.L., «List» pecherskoho arxymandrita Innokentiya Hizelya na sbor mylostyni dlya vykupa u tatar plennika [Letter of the Pechersk Archimandrite Innokenty Gizel to collect alms for the ransom of a prisoner from the Tatars], Kievskaya starina, Vol. XLVIII, 1895, February, p. 53-54.
• Asanova, Elmaz, Ismail Gasprinsky – providnyk modernizatsii islamskogo prosvitytelstva ta kultury v Krymu [Ismail Gasprinsky – the guide of Islamic enlightenment and culture in Cremea.], URL: https://uars.info/index.php/uars/article/view/2197/1898, (10.07.2023).
• Gankevych, V.Yu, S.P. Shendrykova, Vyneknenya pershogo krymskotatarskogo zhinochogo periodychnogo vydanya [The establishment of the first Crimean Tatar women’s periodical], URL: http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/bitstream/handle/123456789/74212/03-Gankevich.pdf?sequence=1 (10.07.2023).
• Gasprinsky, Ismail, “Molla Abbas”. Vybrani literaturni tvory: krymskotatarska proza ukrainskoiu /Per. Z krymskotatarskoi i rosiiskoi movy [Molla Abbas. The selected literary works: Crimean-Tatarian prose in Ukrainian], Kyiv: «Maister Knyh», 2021
• Gimadeeva, L.I., “Historical and linguistic analysis of the language of the newspaper «Tercüman» (1883-1918) by Ismail Gaspirali”, Abstract of the dissertation for the degree of candidate of philological sciences, Kazan, 2000.
• Kandym, Yu, Ne zaroste travoyu pole boyu [Battlefield won’t be covered with grass], Ichnya, 2017, p. 363.
• Komarova, Galyna, Roksolana, Kievskaya starina, Vol. LХХХV, 1904, June, p.597-604.
• Kotsiubynskyi, Mykhailo, Pid Minaretamy (Opovidannia) [Under the Minarets (Short Stories)], Kievskaya starina, Vol. LХХХVІІІ, 1905, March, p. 373-422.
• Kotsiubynskyi, Mykhailo, Tvory v semy tomakh. [Works in the seven volumes], Kyiv, 1974, Vol. 5.
• Kovalchuk, O.G., Visualne u tvorchosti M. Kotsiubynskogo: monografia [The Visuals in Kotsiubynskyi’s creativity: monography], Nizhyn, 2015, p. 232.
• Lazanska, Tamara Ivanivna, Kotsiubynsky Mykhailo Mykhailovych, URL: http://resource.history.org.ua/cgi-bin/eiu/history.exe?&I21DBN=EIU&P21DBN=EIU&S21STN=1&S21REF=10&S21FMT=eiu_all&C21COM=S&S21CNR=20&S21P01=0&S21P02=0&S21P03=TRN=&S21COLORTERMS=0&S21STR=Kotsyubinskii_M (10.07.2023).
• Malynovska, Natalia, “Genderna polityka krymskykh tatar u natsiotvorchykh protsesakh pershoyi polovyny XX stolittia” [The Crimean Tatar’s gender policy in the process of national development of the first half of 20th century] // Materialy V Vseukrainskoyi naukovo-praktychnoyi conferentsiyi “Polityka pamyati v teoretychnomu ta practychnomu vymirakh”, Rivne, 2018 – URL: http://mnemonika.org.ua/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Malynovska_N..pdf (10.07.2023).
• Malynovska, Natalia, Uryvky z istorii krymskykh tatarok u naziotvorchykh protsesakh Krymu 1905-1917 rokiv: gendernyi analiz komemoratsiy v Ukraini [Fragments of Crimean Tatar female history in the processes of Crimean national development in 1905-1917: a gender analysis of commemorations in Ukraine], URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333489357_Urivki_z_istorii_krimskih_tatarok_u_naciotvorcih_procesah_Krimu_1905-1917_rokiv_gendernij_analiz_komemoracij_v_Ukraini (10.07.2023).
• Melnyk, K., Svedeniya o pokhode v Krym Mykhayla Doroshenka [Information about Mikhail Doroshenko`s Crimean campaign], Kievskaya starina, Vol. LV, 1896, November, p.274-286.
• M. L., Ostannij Hyrej [The Last Girey], Kievskaya starina, Vol. LХХХV, 1904, April, p. 74-102.
• Pys'ma protoyereya Arseniya Lebedinceva, b. blahochynnoho tserkvej yuzhnoho bereha Kryma, k preosvyashhennomu Innokentiyu, arxyepyskopu Khersonskomu y Tavricheskomu, s doneseniyamy o hode voennykh dejstvyj i sostoyaniy tserkvej y dukhovenstva vo vremya 11-ty mesyachnoj osady Sevastopolya [Letters of Archpriest Arseniy Lebedintsev… on the course of hostilities and the state of churches and clergy during the 11-month siege of Sevastopol], Kievskaya starina, Vol. LII, 1896, January, p.1-9
• Storozhenko, A., Hde zhyly Pereyaslavskye torky? [Where did the Pereyaslav Torcs Live?], Kievskaya starina, Vol. LХІV, 1899, February, p. 283-290.
• Stranstvovaniya chumaka, bursaka i raba [Travels of a Chumak, a Bursak, and a Slave], Kievskaya starina, Vol. LІХ, 1897, October, p. 16-20.
• Tsykhovska, E, “Ostriv yak vtecha viddiysnostiu tvorchosti L. Staffa i M. Kotsiubynskogo: struktura “Ya - Inshyi” [The Island as an escape from reality in the creativity of L. Staff and M. Kotsiubynskyi: the structure of” I’m Different”], Literaturoznavchi studii; zb. Nauk.prats, Kyiv, 2010, No. 29, p. 408-415.
• Usmanov, M.A., O triupfe I tragedii idey Gasprinskogo [About the triumph and tragedy of Gasprinsky’s ideas. Kazan, 1993.
• Vivchar, Solomiia, Ukrainski prosvityteli ta islam [The Ukrainian enlighteners and Islam], Kyiv, 2020, p.224.
• Vivchar, Solomiia, “Krymskotatarski motyvy v opovidanniakh M. Kotsiubynskoho” [The Crimean-Tatarian motifs in the M. Kotsiubynsky’s short stories], Islam v Ukraini. URL: https://islam.in.ua/ua/kultura/krymskotatarski-motyvy-v-opovidannyah-myhayla-kocyubynskogo (24.05.2023).
• Vovk, Fedir, Zadunaiskaya Siech [The Danubian Sich], Kievskaya starina, Vol. V, 1883, January, p. 27-66.