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Beklentilerin Fonlar ve Kredilerle İlişkileri: Türkiye'de Faaliyet Gösteren Katılım ve Konvansiyonel Bankaların Karşılaştırmalı Analizi

Year 2017, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 217 - 245, 29.12.2017

Abstract

Rasyonalite ön kabulü üzerine bina
edilmiş olan klasik iktisadi yaklaşım ve politikaların dünya gerçekleri ile
farklı sonuçlar vermesi, zaman içinde beklentileri içeren yeni çalışmaların
ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuştur. Beklentileri içeren modeller insanın duygusal
bir varlık olması noktasından hareketle ekonomi ve psikoloji alanlarının bir
arada ele alınması gerektiğini, iktisadi birimlerin davranışlarının ancak bu
şekilde anlamlı bir şekilde değerlendirilebileceğini ifade etmektedirler.  Bu noktadan hareketle çalışma kapsamında TUİK
ve TCMB’nin sağladığı tüketici güveni, genel ekonomik durum beklentisi, enflasyon
beklentisi ve hane halkı tasarruf edebilme beklentisi verileri ile katılım ve
konvansiyonel bankaların fon ve kredileri arasındaki ilişki sorgulanmıştır.
2012 Ocak-2017 Ağustos tarihlerini kapsayan serilerin yapısal kırılma
analizleri sırasıyla Zivot ve Andrews (1992) ve Lee ve Strazicich (2003)
testleri ile yapılmıştır. Devamında seriler arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi
Hatemi-J ve E. Roca (2014) tarafından geliştirilen asimetrik nedensellik testi
ile sorgulanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular ışığında yapısal kırılma tarihlerinin
farklı olması; banka müşterilerinin farklı hassasiyet ve kalıplarda olduklarını
göstermektedir. Ayrıca katılım bankalarına dair serilerin diğerine göre daha
gecikmeli yapısal kırılmalara sahip oldukları dikkat çekmektedir. Nedensellik
ilişkilerine bakıldığında da katılım bankalarının daha çok anlamlı nedensellik
ilişkileri barındırdıkları, beklenti ile kredi arasında teoriye uygun bir
ilişkinin olduğu ancak fon miktarı ile anlamlı ilişkinin olmadığı sonuçlarına
ulaşılmıştır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler: Tüketici Güveni, Beklentiler,
Katılım Bankaları Fon ve Kredileri



References

  • Acemoglu, D. and Scott, A. (1994), “Consumer Confidence and Rational Expectations: Are Agents' Beliefs Consistent with the Theory?”, The Economic Journal, Vol. 104 No. 422, pp. 1-19.
  • Adıgüzel, U., Bayat, T., Kayhan, S. (2016), “Petrol Fiyatları Ve Döviz Kuru Arasındaki İlişkinin Ampirik Analizi: Asimetrik Nedensellik Analizi”, C.Ü. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, Cilt 17, Sayı 2, ss.241-252
  • Allison, J. (1979), “Demand Economics and Experimental Psychology”, Behavioral Science, Vol. 14, pp. 403-415.
  • Ando, A. and Modigliani, F. (1963), “The Life Cycle Hypothesis of Saving: Aggregate Implications and Tests”, The American Economic Review, Vol.53 No.1, pp. 55-84.
  • Arrow, K. J. (2012), “Economic Theory and the Financial Crisis”, Inf Syst Front, Vol. 14, pp. 967–970.
  • Basılgan, M. (2010), “Alman Tarihçi Okulu’nun Joseph Aloıs Schumpeter Üzerine Etkisi”, Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, Vol.65 No.3, pp.23-50
  • Bolton, G. E. (1998), “Introduction to the Special Issue on Experimental Economics”, Journal of Mathematical Psychology, Vol.42, pp.129-132.
  • Bruno, G. (2013), “Consumer Confidence and Consumption Forecast: a Non-Parametric Approach”, Empirica, DOI 10.1007/s10663-013-9228-9
  • Buchanan, N. (1939) “A Reconsideration of the Cobweb Theorem”, Journal of Political Economy, Vol.47, pp. 67–81.
  • Casey, P. G. ve Owen, A. L. “Good News, Bad News, a nd Consumer Confidence”, Social Science Quarterly, DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6237.2012.00900.x, pp.1-24
  • Friedman, M. (1957), A Theory of Consumption Function, Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.
  • Gornick, J. (2015), “What’ s Wrong with Economics: A Discussion Between Paul Krugman and Jeff Madrick”, Challenge, Vol.58 No. 2, pp. 112-134.
  • Gritten, A. (2011), “New Insights into Consumer Confidence in Financial Services”, International Journal of Bank Marketing, Vol.29 No.2-3, pp.90-116
  • Gulley, O. D. and Sultan, J. (1998), “Consumer Confidence Announcements: Do They Matter?”, Applied Financial Economics, Vol.8, pp.155-166
  • Hall, R. E. (1989), “Modern Business Cycle Theory”, Barro R.J. (ed) Consumption, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
  • Hatemi-J, A. (2012), “Asymmetric Causality Tests with an Application”, Empirical Economics, Vol.43 No.1, pp. 447-456.
  • Hatemi-J, A. and E. Roca, (2006), “A Re-Examination of International Portfolio Diversification Based on Evidence From Leveraged Bootstrap Methods”, Economic Modelling, vol. 23(6), p.993-1007.
  • Hatemi, J.A. and E. Roca, (2014). BRICs and PIGS in the presence of uncle sam and big brothers: Who drive who? Evidence based on asymmetric causality tests. Griffith Business School Discussion Papers Finance.
  • Hong, H. (2007), “Behavioural Finance: Introduction”, European Financial Management, Vol.13 No.3, pp. 389–393.
  • Hussein, K. (2010), “Bank-Level Stability Factors and Consumer Confidence – A Comparative Study of Islamic and Conventional Banks’ Product Mix”, Journal of Financial Services Marketing, Vol.15, pp. 259–270 doi:10.1057/fsm.2010.21
  • İbicioğlu, M. (2012), “The Relationship Between Consumers’ Expectation For The Future Of Economy and Stock Value: A Cross-County Analysis”, Uluslararası Alanya İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, Vol. 4 No.2, pp.107-115.
  • İbicioğlu, M. and Karan M. B. (2009), “Türkiye’de Faiz Oranlarının Tüketici Kredileri Üzerindeki Etkisi”, BDDK Bankacılık ve Finansal Piyasalar, Vol.3 No.2, pp.11-30.
  • Jansen, W. J. and Nahuis, N. J. (2003), “The Stock Market and Consumer Confidence: European Evidence”, Economics Letters, Vol.79, pp. 89–98
  • Kandır, S. Y. (2006), “Tüketici Güveni ve Hisse Senedi Getirileri İlişkisi: İMKB Mali Sektör Şirketleri Üzerinde Bir Uygulama”, Ç.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Vol.15 No.2, pp.217-230.
  • Krugman, P. (2009), “How Did Economists Get It So Wrong?”, The New York Times, September 6, pp.1-15
  • Lee, Junsoo and Mark C. Strazicich, (2002), “Minimum LM Unit Root Test with Two Structural Breaks”, Discussion Paper Check 02-20, Department of Economics, University of Central Florida, USA.
  • Lee, Junsoo and Mark C. Strazicich, (2003), “Minimum Lagrange Multiplier Unit Root Test with Two Structural Breaks”, The Review of Economics and Statistics, vol. 85, pp. 1082-1089.
  • Lee, Junsoo and Mark C. Strazicich, (2004), “Minimum LM Unit Root Test With One Structural Breaks”, Apalachian State University Working Papers, Vol.4 No.17, pp. 1 – 17.
  • Lemmon, M. and Portniaquina, E. (2006), “Consumer Confidence and Asset Prices: Some Empirical Evidence”, The Review of Financial Studies, Vol.19 No.4, pp.1499-1529
  • Ludvigson, S. C. (2004), “Consumer Confidence and Consumer Spending”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 18 No. 2, pp. 29-50
  • Muth, J. (1957-1961), “Rational Expectations and the Theory of Price Movements”, Econometrica, Vol. 29, pp. 315–35.
  • Narayan, P.K. and R. Smyth, (2005), “Electricity Consumption, Employment and Real Income in Australia: Evidence From Multivariate Granger Causality Tests”, Energy Policy, vol. 33, p. 1109– 1116.
  • Nash, J. (1950), “The Bargaining Problem”, Econometrica, Vol.18, pp.155–162.
  • Nerlove, M. (1958), “Adaptive Expectations and the Cobweb Phenomena”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol.72, pp.227–40.
  • Özkan, A. H. (2012), “2008 Mortgage Krizi ve Beklenti Riski”, Akademik Bakış Dergisi, No.28, pp.1-6.
  • Özsağır, A. (2007), “Ekonomide Güven Faktörü”, Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Vol.6 No.20, pp.46-62.
  • Phillips, P.C.B. and Perron, P. (1988), “Testing For A Unit Root in Time Series Regressions”, Biometrica, Vol.75 No.2, pp.335-346.
  • Schenk-Hoppé, K. R. (2004), “Resuscitating the Cobweb Cycle”, Journal of Forecasting, Vol. 23, pp. 621–624
  • Seater, J. J. (1993), “Ricardian Equivaence”, Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. XXXI, pp. 142-190.
  • Sen, A. (2006). “Parasal Krizlere Neden Olan Faktörler”, Akademik Bakış, No.9, pp. 1-21
  • Temurlenk, S. and S. Oltulular, (2007), “Türkiye’nin Temel Makroekonomik Değişkenlerinin Bütünleşme Dereceleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma”, VIII. Ulusal Ekonometri ve İstatistik Sempozyumu. 24-25 Mayıs 2007, Malatya.
  • Thaler, R. (1991), Quasi Rational Economics, Russell Sage Foundation, New York
  • Topuz, Y. V. (2011), “Tüketici Güveni ve Hisse Senedi Fiyatları Arasındaki Nedensellik İlişkisi: Türkiye Örneği”, Ekonomik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, Vol.7 No.1, pp.53-65.
  • TUİK, (2017), Tüketici Eğilim Anketleri- Tüketici Güven Endeksi, Erişim:26.10.2017 http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=24909
  • Tunç, B. (2012), “Kredi Hacmini Etkileyen Faktörler: Banka Kredileri Eğilim Anketi Analizi”, TCMB Uzmanlık Tezi, Ankara
  • Türkiye İş Bankası, Dünya ve Türkiye Ekonomisindeki Gelişmeler, Aylık Gösterim https://ekonomi.isbank.com.tr/userfiles/pdf/dteg_201605.pdf
  • Wipplinger, E. (2010), “William Forbes: Behavioural Finance”, Financ Mark Portf Manag, Vol.24, pp. 103–104
  • Van Raaji, W. and Gianotten, H. J. (1990), “Consumer Confidence, Expenditure, Saving and Credit”, Journal of Economic Psychology, No.11, pp.269-290
  • Vuchelen, J. (1995), “Political Events and Consumer Confidence in Belgium”, Journal of Economic Psychology, Vol.16, pp. 563-579
  • Yılancı, V. and Bozoklu Ş. (2014), “Türk Sermaye Piyasasında Fiyat ve İşlem Hacmi İlişkisi: Zamanla Değişen Asimetrik Nedensellik Analizi”, Ege Academic Review, Vol.14 No.2, pp.211-220.
  • Young, W., Leeson, R. and Darity W. (2004), Economics, Economists, and Expectations: Microfoundations To Macroapplications, Routledge, New York, NY
  • Zivot, E. and W. K. D. Andrews, (1992), “Further Evidence On The Great Crash, The Oil-Price Shock, and The Unit-Root Hypothesis”, Journal Of Business & Economic Statistics, vol. 10, no.3, p. 251-270.
  • Zagorski, K. and McDonnell, J.S. (1995), “Consumer Confidence Indexes As Social Indicators”, Social Indicators Research Vol.36, pp. 227-246

Expectations' Relationship with Funds and Loans: Comparative Analysis of Participation and Conventional Banks Operating in Turkey

Year 2017, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 217 - 245, 29.12.2017

Abstract

The
classical economic approach and its politics built upon the conjecture of
rationality gave different results to the world realities, which led to the
emergence of new studies containing expectations over time. Models that include
expectations are moving from the point of being an emotional being. For this
reason, they express that economic and psychological fields should be taken
together and that the behavior of economic units can only be evaluated in such
a meaningful way. From this point of view, the relationship between
confidence-expectations and funds and credits have been questioned in both
Islamic and conventional banks. General economic situation expectation,
inflation expectation and household saving expectation have taken as
expectations indexes. All data collected from Turkstat and CBRT. Zivot-Andrews
(1992) and Lee-Strazicich (2003) structural break test analysis were conducted
to the series which covers January 2012-August 2017. Subsequently, the
causality relationship between the series was questioned by the asymmetric
causality test developed by Hatemi-J and E. Roca (2014). The obtained findings;
structural break dates of banks are different and it indicates that bank
customers have different sensitivities and patterns. Moreover, it is noteworthy
that the series of participation banks have more delayed structural breaks than
the other ones. When the causality relations are examined, it is found that
participation banks have more meaningful causal relationships. In addition, it
has been found that there is a relationship between expectation and credit, but
that there is no meaningful relationship between expectation and fund amount.


Keywords: Consumer Confidence, Expectations, Participation Banks Funds
and Loans

References

  • Acemoglu, D. and Scott, A. (1994), “Consumer Confidence and Rational Expectations: Are Agents' Beliefs Consistent with the Theory?”, The Economic Journal, Vol. 104 No. 422, pp. 1-19.
  • Adıgüzel, U., Bayat, T., Kayhan, S. (2016), “Petrol Fiyatları Ve Döviz Kuru Arasındaki İlişkinin Ampirik Analizi: Asimetrik Nedensellik Analizi”, C.Ü. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, Cilt 17, Sayı 2, ss.241-252
  • Allison, J. (1979), “Demand Economics and Experimental Psychology”, Behavioral Science, Vol. 14, pp. 403-415.
  • Ando, A. and Modigliani, F. (1963), “The Life Cycle Hypothesis of Saving: Aggregate Implications and Tests”, The American Economic Review, Vol.53 No.1, pp. 55-84.
  • Arrow, K. J. (2012), “Economic Theory and the Financial Crisis”, Inf Syst Front, Vol. 14, pp. 967–970.
  • Basılgan, M. (2010), “Alman Tarihçi Okulu’nun Joseph Aloıs Schumpeter Üzerine Etkisi”, Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, Vol.65 No.3, pp.23-50
  • Bolton, G. E. (1998), “Introduction to the Special Issue on Experimental Economics”, Journal of Mathematical Psychology, Vol.42, pp.129-132.
  • Bruno, G. (2013), “Consumer Confidence and Consumption Forecast: a Non-Parametric Approach”, Empirica, DOI 10.1007/s10663-013-9228-9
  • Buchanan, N. (1939) “A Reconsideration of the Cobweb Theorem”, Journal of Political Economy, Vol.47, pp. 67–81.
  • Casey, P. G. ve Owen, A. L. “Good News, Bad News, a nd Consumer Confidence”, Social Science Quarterly, DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6237.2012.00900.x, pp.1-24
  • Friedman, M. (1957), A Theory of Consumption Function, Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.
  • Gornick, J. (2015), “What’ s Wrong with Economics: A Discussion Between Paul Krugman and Jeff Madrick”, Challenge, Vol.58 No. 2, pp. 112-134.
  • Gritten, A. (2011), “New Insights into Consumer Confidence in Financial Services”, International Journal of Bank Marketing, Vol.29 No.2-3, pp.90-116
  • Gulley, O. D. and Sultan, J. (1998), “Consumer Confidence Announcements: Do They Matter?”, Applied Financial Economics, Vol.8, pp.155-166
  • Hall, R. E. (1989), “Modern Business Cycle Theory”, Barro R.J. (ed) Consumption, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
  • Hatemi-J, A. (2012), “Asymmetric Causality Tests with an Application”, Empirical Economics, Vol.43 No.1, pp. 447-456.
  • Hatemi-J, A. and E. Roca, (2006), “A Re-Examination of International Portfolio Diversification Based on Evidence From Leveraged Bootstrap Methods”, Economic Modelling, vol. 23(6), p.993-1007.
  • Hatemi, J.A. and E. Roca, (2014). BRICs and PIGS in the presence of uncle sam and big brothers: Who drive who? Evidence based on asymmetric causality tests. Griffith Business School Discussion Papers Finance.
  • Hong, H. (2007), “Behavioural Finance: Introduction”, European Financial Management, Vol.13 No.3, pp. 389–393.
  • Hussein, K. (2010), “Bank-Level Stability Factors and Consumer Confidence – A Comparative Study of Islamic and Conventional Banks’ Product Mix”, Journal of Financial Services Marketing, Vol.15, pp. 259–270 doi:10.1057/fsm.2010.21
  • İbicioğlu, M. (2012), “The Relationship Between Consumers’ Expectation For The Future Of Economy and Stock Value: A Cross-County Analysis”, Uluslararası Alanya İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, Vol. 4 No.2, pp.107-115.
  • İbicioğlu, M. and Karan M. B. (2009), “Türkiye’de Faiz Oranlarının Tüketici Kredileri Üzerindeki Etkisi”, BDDK Bankacılık ve Finansal Piyasalar, Vol.3 No.2, pp.11-30.
  • Jansen, W. J. and Nahuis, N. J. (2003), “The Stock Market and Consumer Confidence: European Evidence”, Economics Letters, Vol.79, pp. 89–98
  • Kandır, S. Y. (2006), “Tüketici Güveni ve Hisse Senedi Getirileri İlişkisi: İMKB Mali Sektör Şirketleri Üzerinde Bir Uygulama”, Ç.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Vol.15 No.2, pp.217-230.
  • Krugman, P. (2009), “How Did Economists Get It So Wrong?”, The New York Times, September 6, pp.1-15
  • Lee, Junsoo and Mark C. Strazicich, (2002), “Minimum LM Unit Root Test with Two Structural Breaks”, Discussion Paper Check 02-20, Department of Economics, University of Central Florida, USA.
  • Lee, Junsoo and Mark C. Strazicich, (2003), “Minimum Lagrange Multiplier Unit Root Test with Two Structural Breaks”, The Review of Economics and Statistics, vol. 85, pp. 1082-1089.
  • Lee, Junsoo and Mark C. Strazicich, (2004), “Minimum LM Unit Root Test With One Structural Breaks”, Apalachian State University Working Papers, Vol.4 No.17, pp. 1 – 17.
  • Lemmon, M. and Portniaquina, E. (2006), “Consumer Confidence and Asset Prices: Some Empirical Evidence”, The Review of Financial Studies, Vol.19 No.4, pp.1499-1529
  • Ludvigson, S. C. (2004), “Consumer Confidence and Consumer Spending”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 18 No. 2, pp. 29-50
  • Muth, J. (1957-1961), “Rational Expectations and the Theory of Price Movements”, Econometrica, Vol. 29, pp. 315–35.
  • Narayan, P.K. and R. Smyth, (2005), “Electricity Consumption, Employment and Real Income in Australia: Evidence From Multivariate Granger Causality Tests”, Energy Policy, vol. 33, p. 1109– 1116.
  • Nash, J. (1950), “The Bargaining Problem”, Econometrica, Vol.18, pp.155–162.
  • Nerlove, M. (1958), “Adaptive Expectations and the Cobweb Phenomena”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol.72, pp.227–40.
  • Özkan, A. H. (2012), “2008 Mortgage Krizi ve Beklenti Riski”, Akademik Bakış Dergisi, No.28, pp.1-6.
  • Özsağır, A. (2007), “Ekonomide Güven Faktörü”, Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Vol.6 No.20, pp.46-62.
  • Phillips, P.C.B. and Perron, P. (1988), “Testing For A Unit Root in Time Series Regressions”, Biometrica, Vol.75 No.2, pp.335-346.
  • Schenk-Hoppé, K. R. (2004), “Resuscitating the Cobweb Cycle”, Journal of Forecasting, Vol. 23, pp. 621–624
  • Seater, J. J. (1993), “Ricardian Equivaence”, Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. XXXI, pp. 142-190.
  • Sen, A. (2006). “Parasal Krizlere Neden Olan Faktörler”, Akademik Bakış, No.9, pp. 1-21
  • Temurlenk, S. and S. Oltulular, (2007), “Türkiye’nin Temel Makroekonomik Değişkenlerinin Bütünleşme Dereceleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma”, VIII. Ulusal Ekonometri ve İstatistik Sempozyumu. 24-25 Mayıs 2007, Malatya.
  • Thaler, R. (1991), Quasi Rational Economics, Russell Sage Foundation, New York
  • Topuz, Y. V. (2011), “Tüketici Güveni ve Hisse Senedi Fiyatları Arasındaki Nedensellik İlişkisi: Türkiye Örneği”, Ekonomik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, Vol.7 No.1, pp.53-65.
  • TUİK, (2017), Tüketici Eğilim Anketleri- Tüketici Güven Endeksi, Erişim:26.10.2017 http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=24909
  • Tunç, B. (2012), “Kredi Hacmini Etkileyen Faktörler: Banka Kredileri Eğilim Anketi Analizi”, TCMB Uzmanlık Tezi, Ankara
  • Türkiye İş Bankası, Dünya ve Türkiye Ekonomisindeki Gelişmeler, Aylık Gösterim https://ekonomi.isbank.com.tr/userfiles/pdf/dteg_201605.pdf
  • Wipplinger, E. (2010), “William Forbes: Behavioural Finance”, Financ Mark Portf Manag, Vol.24, pp. 103–104
  • Van Raaji, W. and Gianotten, H. J. (1990), “Consumer Confidence, Expenditure, Saving and Credit”, Journal of Economic Psychology, No.11, pp.269-290
  • Vuchelen, J. (1995), “Political Events and Consumer Confidence in Belgium”, Journal of Economic Psychology, Vol.16, pp. 563-579
  • Yılancı, V. and Bozoklu Ş. (2014), “Türk Sermaye Piyasasında Fiyat ve İşlem Hacmi İlişkisi: Zamanla Değişen Asimetrik Nedensellik Analizi”, Ege Academic Review, Vol.14 No.2, pp.211-220.
  • Young, W., Leeson, R. and Darity W. (2004), Economics, Economists, and Expectations: Microfoundations To Macroapplications, Routledge, New York, NY
  • Zivot, E. and W. K. D. Andrews, (1992), “Further Evidence On The Great Crash, The Oil-Price Shock, and The Unit-Root Hypothesis”, Journal Of Business & Economic Statistics, vol. 10, no.3, p. 251-270.
  • Zagorski, K. and McDonnell, J.S. (1995), “Consumer Confidence Indexes As Social Indicators”, Social Indicators Research Vol.36, pp. 227-246
There are 53 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Articles
Authors

Musa Öztürk 0000-0002-0902-5787

Publication Date December 29, 2017
Submission Date November 22, 2017
Acceptance Date December 23, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 3 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Öztürk, M. (2017). Beklentilerin Fonlar ve Kredilerle İlişkileri: Türkiye’de Faaliyet Gösteren Katılım ve Konvansiyonel Bankaların Karşılaştırmalı Analizi. İslam Ekonomisi Ve Finansı Dergisi (İEFD), 3(2), 217-245.

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