A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY CONCEPT IN THE LIGHT OF MAQASID AL SHARIAH

Year 2022, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 291 - 318, 31.12.2022

Yussuf Charles Yussuf

https://doi.org/10.54863/jief.1074828

Abstract

The paradigm shift from linear to a circular economy and other development approaches, especially in conventional economics, disregard religious values of which the primary objective is to promote human wellbeing from a wider perspective. Hence, the present study analyzes the concept of circular economy in light of the purpose of Islamic law (Maqasid al-Shariah). It adopts qualitative/semantic content analysis as a research approach.
The finding reveals that the circular economy and its related concepts are not against the objective or the purpose of Islamic law (Maqasid al-Shariah), rather it promotes it: as the preservation of life and progeny can be achieved through the circular economy’s initiatives related to the preservation of ecology and ecosystem, whereas the preservation of intellect can be achieved through the measures related to reducing harmful wastes and pollution. While the preservation of wealth can be achieved through circular economy’s measures for resource conservation.
These findings enlighten both Muslim and non-Muslim communities; firstly on the positive stance of circular economy to the Maqasid al Shariah and secondly the need to promote the circular economy initiatives to preserve the ecological balance and environment which are the gifts from the Creator.

Keywords

Circular economy, Maqasid al-Shariah, Maslahah., Döngüsel ekonomi, Şeriat’ın maksatları, Maslahat.

ŞERİAT’N MAKSATLARI IŞIĞINDA DÖNGÜSEL EKONOMİ KAVRAMI ÜZERİNE ELEŞTİREL BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Abstract

Paradigma, doğrusal bir ekonomiden döngüsel bir ekonomiye ve özellikle geleneksel ekonomideki diğer kalkınma yaklaşımlarına, birincil amacı insan refahını daha geniş bir perspektiften teşvik etmek olan dini değerleri göz ardı etmektedir. Bu nedenle, bu çalışma döngüsel ekonomi kavramını İslam hukukunun amacı ışığında analiz etmektedir (Maqasid al-Shariah). Nitel / semantik içerik analizini bir araştırma yaklaşımı olarak benimser.
Bulgu, döngüsel ekonominin ve ilgili kavramlarının şu ya da bu şekilde İslam hukukunun (Maqasid al-Shariah) hedeflerini desteklediğini ortaya koyuyor: yaşamın ve neslin korunması, döngüsel ekonominin ekolojinin korunmasına yönelik girişimleriyle sağlanabilir. Zihnin korunması, zararlı atık ve kirliliği azaltacak önlemlerle sağlanabilir. Zenginliğin korunması, kaynakları korumaya yönelik döngüsel ekonomi önlemleriyle sağlanabilir.
Bu bulgular hem Müslüman hem de gayrimüslim topluluklara ışık tutmaktadır; Birincisi, döngüsel ekonominin Makâsid-i Şeriat'a karşı olumlu duruşu ve ikincisi, Yaratıcı'nın değerli armağanları olan ekolojik dengeyi ve çevreyi korumak için döngüsel ekonomi girişimlerini teşvik etme ihtiyacını ön plana çıkarmaktadır.

Keywords

Döngüsel ekonomi, Şeriat’ın maksatları, Maslahat.

References

• Aassouli, D., Asutay, M., Mohieldin, M., & Nwokike, T. C. (2018). Green Sukuk, Energy Poverty, and Climate Change: A Roadmap for Sub-Saharan Africa. World Bank. Ahmad al-Raysuni (2005) Imam al-Shatibi’s Theory of the Higher Objectives and Intents of Islamic Law. (C) The International Institute of Islamic Thought London, Washington 1426 ah/2005CE.
• Alam, M. M., Hassan, S. and Said, J. (2015). ‘Performance of Islamic microcredit in perspective of Maqasid Al-Shariah’, Humanomics. doi: 10.1108/h-12-2014-0072.
• Al-Mubarak, T. (2010). Applications of Maqasid al- Shari ’ ah and Maslahah in Islamic Banking practices : An analysis Introduction : Maslahah : The demand of time. An Analysis. International Seminar on Islamic Finance in India, (October), 17.
• Al-Mubarak, Tawfique & Goud, Blake. (2018). Environmental Impact in Islamic Finance.
• Aliyu, S., Hassan, M. K., Mohd Yusof, R., & Naiimi, N. (2017). Islamic banking sustainability: A review of literature and directions for future research. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 53(2), 440-470.
• Andersen, M. S. (2007). ‘An introductory note on the environmental economics of the circular economy’, Sustainability Science, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 133–140. Auda, J. (2007). The goals and objectives of the Shariah as a philosophy of Islamic law: A system approach. United States of America: The International Institute of Islamic Thought.
• Berndtsson, M., (2015). Circular Economy and Sustainable Development. Master thesis in Sustainable Development at Uppsala University, 2015, 53 pp, 30 ECTS/hp. Benyus Janine, (1998). Biomimicry: innovation inspired by nature. Quill, New York.
• Bayzid, M. and Nobanee, H. (2020). ‘Sustainable Islamic Finance: A Min-Review’, SSRN Electronic Journal, (February). doi: 10.2139/ssrn.3538853.
• BinMahfouz, S., & Hassan, M. K. (2013). Sustainable and socially responsible investing. Humanomics. 29 (3), 164-186.
• Braungart Michael & McDonough William, (2008). Cradle-to-cradle; Remaking the way we make things. North Point Press.
• Braungart Michael, McDonough William, and Bollinger Andrew (2006). Cradle-to-cradle design: creating healthy emissions e a strategy for eco-effective product and system design. Journal of Cleaner Production xx, 1-12.
• Chapra, M.U., (2008). The Islamic Vision of Development. Thoughts on Economics, The Quarterly Journal of Islamic Economics Research Bureau (Bangladesh), 18(3), pp.7-38.
• Chapra, M. U., Khan, S., & Al Shaikh-Ali, A. (2008). The Islamic vision of development in the light of maqasid al-Shariah (Vol. 15). Iiit.
• Chapra, M. (2000). Umer. 2000. The future of economics: An Islamic perspective.
• Chapra (2001). What is Islamic Economics. Second Edi. Jeddah: Islamic Research and Training Institute-IRTI.
• Chenault, K. I. (2003). ‘Corporate social responsibility’, Polymer News, 28(10), pp. 298–301.
• Colorado University, S., (2004). An Introduction to Content Analysis. Colorado State University, 2. https://doi.org/10.2307/2288384.
• Deselnicu, D. C., Militaru, G., Deselnicu, V., Zăinescu, G., & Albu, L. (2018). Towards a Circular Economy– a Zero Waste Programme for Europe. 563–568. https://doi.org/10.24264/icams-2018.xi.4.
• Ellen MacArthur Foundation. (2018a). Cities and circular economy for food: Technical Appendix. Ellen Macarthur Foundation, 66. Available at: https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/assets/downloads/Cities-and-Circular-Economy-for-Food-Appendix.pdf./ (accessed date 14 January 2020). Ellen MacArthur Foundation. (2017): circular-economy/concept, available at: https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/circular-economy/concept, (accessed date 14 January 2020).
• Ellen MacArthur Foundation. (2018b). What is a Circular Economy? A framework for an economy that is restorative and regenerative by design. Circular Economy, 1–7. Available at: https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/circular-economy/concept/ (accessed date 14 January 2020).
• Ellen MacArthur Foundation. (2012). Towards the Circular Economy: Economic and business rationale for an accelerated transition, available at: https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/assets/downloads/ publications/Ellen-MacArthur-Foundation-Towards-the-Circular-Economy-vol.1.pdf/ (accessed date 14 January 2020).
• Erkman, S. (1997). ‘Industrial ecology: An historical view’, Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 5, 1-2, pp. 1–10.
• European Commission. (2014). Coping study to identify potential circular economy actions, priority sectors, material flows, and value chains. Publications Office, available at: http://www.ieep.eu/assets/1410/Circular_economy_scoping_study_-_Final_report.pdf/ (Accessed date 25 April 2015).
• EMF. (2017). The New Plastics Economy: Rethinking the Future of Plastics & Catalysing Action. Ellen MacArthur Foundation, available at: https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/publications/the-new-plastics-economy-rethinking-the-future-of-plastics-catalysing-action/ (accessed date 14 January 2020).
• Geissdoerfer, M., Savaget, P., Bocken, N. M. P., & Hultink, E. J. (2017). The Circular Economy – A new sustainability paradigm? Journal of Cleaner Production, 143(0), 757–768. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.12.048.
• Ghisellini, P., Cialani, C. and Ulgiati, S. (2016). ‘A review on circular economy: The expected transition to a balanced interplay of environmental and economic systems’, Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 114, pp. 11–32.
• Hashim Kamali, “Al-Maqasid al-Shariah: The Objectives of Islamic Law”, The Muslim Lawyer Journal, 3, No.1, (April-June, 1998), 2; available at: http://www.aml.org.uk/journal/3.1/Kamali%20-%20Maqasid.pdf; internet.
• Haniffa, R., & Hudaib, M. (2007). Exploring the ethical identity of Islamic banks via communication in annual reports. Journal of Business Ethics, 76, 97–116.
• Hasan, Z. (2007). Munich Personal RePEc Archive Sustainable development from an Islamic Perspective : meaning implications and policy concerns. J.KAU: Islamic Econ, 19(1), 3–18. Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2784/ MPRA Paper No. 2784, posted 19 Apr 2007 UTC.
• Ibrahim, A. and Shirazi, N. S. (2020) .‘The Role of Islamic Finance in Fostering Circular Business Investments : the Case of OIC Countries’, (January).
• Iung, B. and Levrat, E. (2014). ‘Advanced Maintenance Services for Promoting Sustainability’, Procedia CIRP, vol. 22, pp. 15–22.
• Jelinski, L. W., Graedel, T. E., Laudise, R. A., Mccall, D. W., & Patel, C. K. N. (1992). Industrial ecology: Concepts and approaches. 89(February), 793–797. Kahf, M., (2014). Notes on Islamic Economics: Theories and Institutions. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTGM.2013.051551.
• Kamali, M.H., (2008). Maqāṣid Al-Sharīảh Made Simple (Vol. 13). International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT). Khan, T. (2019) ‘Reforming Islamic finance for achieving sustainable development goals’, Journal of King Abdulaziz University, Islamic Economics, 32(1), pp. 3–21. doi: 10.4197/Islec.32-1.1.
• Khan, T. (2019). ‘Venture waqf in a circular economy’, ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, 11(2), pp. 187–205. doi: 10.1108/IJIF-12-2018-0138. Kopnina Helen & John Blewitt, 2015. Sustainable business: key issues. Routledge, Oxon.
• Larsson M, Bratt L, Sandahl J (2011). Hållbar utveckling och Ekonomi inom planetens gränser. Studentlitteratur Lund.
• Lowe, E. A., & Evans, L. K. (1995). Industrial ecology and industrial ecosystems. Journal of Cleaner Production, 3(1–2), 47–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/0959-6526(95)00045-G. Lucas, M. (2005). Understanding business: Environments. In Understanding Business Environments. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203992265.
• McDonough, W. and Braungart, M. (2002). Cradle to cradle: Remaking the way we make things, New York, North Point Press.
• Mergaliyev, A., Asutay, M., Avdukic, A., & Karbhari, Y. (2019). Higher Ethical Objective (Maqasid al ‑ Shari ’ ah ) Augmented Framework for Islamic Banks : Assessing Ethical Performance and Exploring Its Determinants. In the Journal of Business Ethics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04331-4.
• Mulhall, Douglas & Braungart, Michael. (2012). Cradle To Cradle criteria for the built environment. EKONOMIAZ. 75. 182-193.
• Nyazee, Imran Ahsan Khan. Outlines of Islamic Jurisprudence (e-book). Islamabad: Advanced Legal Studies Institute. (2000).Theories of Islamic law. Islamabad: IIIT and Islamic Research Institute, 2005.
• Nyazee, I.A.K., (2016). Islamic Legal Maxims. Lulu. com.
• Omar, M. N. and Sari, N. M. (2019). ‘MAQASID AL-SHARIAH PHILOSOPHY IN MONETARY REGIME TOWARDS INCLUSIVE SUSTAINABLE GROWTH’, International Journal of Islamic Economics. doi: 10.32332/ijie.v1i02.1802.
• Ozdemir, I. (2002). ‘An Islamic Approach to the Environment’, available at: http://environment-ecology.com/religion-and-ecology/489-an-islamic-approach-to-the-environment.html/ (accessed date 20 January 2020).
• Palmquist, M. E. (1990). The lexicon of the classroom: language and learning in writing classrooms. Doctoral dissertation, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA. Peters, T. (2011). Nature as a measure: The Biomimicry Guild. Architectural Design, 81(6), 44–47. https://doi.org/10.1002/ad.1318.
• Preston, F. (2012) .A Global Redesign? Shaping the Circular Economy, Chatham House - The Royal Institute of International Affairs Briefing paper.
• Repetto, Robert (1986). Skimming the Water: Rent-Seeking and the Performance of Public Irrigation Systems. World Resources Institute, Washington DC, United States. Sadiq, R. (2015) ‘The Role of Islamic Finance in Sustainable Development’, Issue I Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization Spring, 5(I), p. 46.
• Sillanpää, M., & Ncibi, C. (2019). Circular economy and sustainable development. The Circular Economy, 281–311. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-815267-6.00006-2.
• Stahel, W. R. (2012). The business angle of a circular economy – higher competitiveness, higher resource security, and material efficiency. Emf, 15.05.12, 1–10.
• Stahel, W. R., (1982).The Product-Life Factor; available at http://www.product-life.org/en/major-publications/the-product-life-factor/ (accessed date 14 January 2020).
• Syaputra, E. et al. (2014). ‘Maslahah as an Islamic Source and its Application in Financial Transactions’, Quest Journals Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Science, 2(5), pp. 66–71. Available at: www.questjournals.org.
• The Holy Qur’an. Trans. Yusuf Ali Maryland: Amana Corp., (1983). and A.A. Razwy' edition, (New York: Tahrike Tarsile Qur'an Inc., 1995).
• Wautelet, T. and Impakt, P. (2018). ‘The Concept of Circular Economy : its Origins and its Evolution’, (January). doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.17021.87523.
• Wijkman, A., & Skånberg, K. (2017). The Circular Economy and Benefits for Society: Jobs and Climate Clear Winners in an Economy Based on Renewable Energy and Resource Efficiency.
• William, M& Michael B, (2013). The upcycle: beyond sustainability – designing for abundance. New York North Point Press