Eklemeli imalat yöntemlerinde metal tozu patlama riski ve önleme yöntemleri

Abstract

Metal tozu patlamaları, çeşitli yanıcı malzemelerin tozlarını üreten, kullanan ve/veya işleyen endüstrilerde güvenlik açısından kritik bir tehdit oluşturmaktadır. Toz patlamaları ne yazık ki genellikle ciddi yaralanmalara, can kayıplarına ve maddi hasara neden olur. Metal tozları, yanma reaksiyonları sonucu oluşan yüksek sıcaklık dereceleri, daha ışınımsal ısı transfer etkileri ve su ile yüksek derecedeki reaktif etkileşimleri nedeniyle artan bir patlama şiddeti ve hassasiyeti sergilemektedirler. Endüstriyel tesislerde gerçek ortam koşullarındaki patlama gelişimini tahmin edecek yöntemlerini geliştirmek karmaşık ve zordur. Bir metal toz türü için, toz bulutlarının tutuşma olasılığı ve yanma oranları, toz bilimi ve teknolojisinde belirtilen parametreler ile önemli ölçüde değişmektedir. En tehlikeli süreçler, tutuşmaya en duyarlı ve reaktif olan daha küçük parçacıkları içermektedir. Avantajlarıyla dikkat çeken eklemeli imalat yöntemleri, çeşitli ilkeler ve hammaddeler kullanan tasarımlar ile daha geniş kullanım alanları bulmaktadır. Ancak bu teknoloji, benzersiz bir üretim potansiyelinin yanı sıra toz patlama riskini de beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu çalışmada, bir toz patlaması için gerekli olan koşullar, ısı kaynakları açıklanmış ve toz özelliklerinin patlama üzerindeki etkileri tartışıldıktan sonra eklemeli imalat yöntemlerinde artan metal tozu kullanımı ile patlama risk ilişkisi analiz edilmiş ve alınabilecek koruyucu önlemler ile bu önlemlerin metal tozu içeren süreçlerdeki uygulama zorlukları üzerinde durulmuştur.

Keywords

• Toz patlaması
• Metal toz bulutu
• Eklemeli imalat
• Patlama güvenliği

Metal dust explosion risk in additive manufacturing and prevention methods

Abstract

Metal dust explosions pose a critical safety threat in industries that produce, use and/or process dusts of various combustible materials. Unfortunately, dust explosions often cause serious injury, death and financial loss. Metal powders exhibit increased explosion severity and sensitivity because of their large heats of combustion, higher combustion temperatures, radiative heat transfer effects, and highly reactive interactions with water. Developing methods to predict explosion progression in real ambient conditions in industrial plants is complex and difficult. For a metal powder type, the ignition probability and combustion rates of dust clouds differ considerably with the parameters specified in powder science and technology. The most dangerous processes involve the smaller particles that are most sensitive and reactive to ignition. Additive manufacturing methods, which attract attention with their advantages, are commonly used with designs using various principles and raw materials. However, this technology brings with it a unique production potential as well as the risk of dust explosion. In this study, the fundamental requirements for an explosion, heat sources are explained and after discussing the effects of dust properties on the explosion, the relationship between the increased use of metal powder in additive manufacturing methods and the explosion risk is analysed. In addition, the protective measures to be taken against the risk of metal dust explosion and the difficulties of applying these measures are emphasized.

Keywords

• Dust explosion
• Metal dust cloud
• Additive manufacturing
• Explosion safety

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