Comparison of density, kinematic viscosity, and heating values of blended biodiesels produced by blending methyl and ethyl esters produced from flaxseed oil

Abstract

In this study, methyl ester and ethyl ester production from flaxseed oil through the transesterification process using NaOH as a catalyst and its operating parameters were optimized with the help of the classical method. A total of 26 experiments were designed to determine the effects of variables on biodiesel yield, such as catalyst weight (0.4–1.0 wt. NaOH), alcohol:oil molar ratio (3:1–9:1), reaction temperature (30–60°C) and reaction time (30–75 min). The optimum conditions for producing methyl ester were KOH of 0.4 wt%, 6:1 methanol/oil molar ratio, 60 °C reaction temperature, and 92.16% biodiesel yield obtained at 60 min reaction temperature. In ethyl ester production, the highest yield was achieved with 0.60% NaOH wt., 8:1 ethanol/oil molar ratio, 30 °C reaction temperature, and 89.83% biodiesel yield at 60 minutes reaction temperature. Methyl ester and ethyl ester produced under optimal conditions were blended among themselves on a volume basis. Basic fuel properties of pure biodiesels, blended biodiesels and pure diesel fuel, such as density, kinematic viscosity and heating value, were measured. Generalized equations are given to predict the density, viscosity and heating values of mixtures. It was found that there was a remarkable agreement between the measured and predicted values of density, viscosity and calorific values for all mixtures. According to the results, it was determined that the density and viscosity of the mixtures increased as the methyl ester concentration in the fuel mixture increased, and the calorific value of the mixtures increased as the ethyl ester concentration increased. These properties of pure biodiesels and biodiesel blends optimized from flaxseed oil meet ASTM D6571 and EN 14214 biodiesel standards. It can be stated that these fuels can be used as a qualified fuel for diesel engines.

Keywords

• Flaxseed oil Transesterification Optimization Methanol Ethanol Density Kinematic viscosity Heating value
• Flaxseed oil
• Transesterification
• Optimization
• Methanol
• Ethanol
• Density
• Kinematic viscosity

Keten tohumu yağından üretilen metil ve etil esterlerin harmanlanması ile edilen karışım biyodizellerin yoğunluk, kinematik viskozite ve ısıl değerlerinin karşılaştırılması

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, keten tohumu yağından NaOH’un katalizör olarak kullanıldığı transesterifikasyon prosesi ile metil ester ve etil ester üretimi ve çalışma parametreleri klasik yöntem yardımıyla optimize edilmiştir. Katalizör kütlesi (%0,4-1,0 wt. NaOH), alkol:yağ molar oranı (3:1–9:1), reaksiyon sıcaklığı (30–60°C) ve reaksiyon süresi (30–75 dakika) gibi biyodizel verimi üzerindeki değişkenlerin etkilerini belirlemek için toplam 26 deney tasarlanmıştır. Metil esterin üretimi için optimum koşullar %0,60 NaOH wt., 6:1 metanol/yağ molar oranı, 60 °C reaksiyon sıcaklığı ve 60 dakika reaksiyon sıcaklığında %92,16 biyodizel verimi elde edilirken, etil ester üretiminde ise en yüksek verim %0,60 NaOH wt., 8:1 etanol/yağ molar oranı, 30 °C reaksiyon sıcaklığı ve 60 dakika reaksiyon sıcaklığında %89.83 biyodizel verimi ile sağlanmıştır. Optimal koşullarda üretilen metil ester ve etil ester hacim bazında kendi aralarında harmanlanmıştır. Saf biyodizeller, karışım biyodizeller ve saf dizel yakıtın yoğunluk, kinematik viskozite ve ısıl değer gibi temel yakıt özellikleri ölçülmüştür. Karışımların yoğunluk, viskozite ve ısıl değerlerini tahmin etmek için genelleştirilmiş denklemler verilmiştir. Tüm karışımlar için yoğunluk, viskozite ve ısıl değerlerin ölçülen ve tahmin edilen değerleri arasında kayda değer bir uyum olduğu bulunmuştur. Sonuçlara göre, yakıt karışımındaki metil ester konsantrasyonunun artmasıyla karışımların yoğunluğu ve viskoziteleri artmış, etil ester konsantrasyonunun artmasıyla ise karışımların ısıl değerinin artış gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Keten tohumu yağından optimize edilen saf biyodizeller ve biyodizel karışımların bu özellikleri ASTM D6571 ve EN 14214 biyodizel standartlarını karşılamaktadır. Bu yakıtların dizel motorlar için nitelikli bir yakıt olarak kullanılabileceği ifade edilebilir.

Keywords

• Keten tohumu yağı
• Transesterifikasyon
• Optimizasyon
• Metanol
• Etanol
• Yoğunluk
• Kinematik viskozite
• Isıl değer

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