Design of a two-pole electromagnet and its analysis under different load conditions

Abstract

Electromagnets can be used in devices, such as motors, generators, and transformers, and in tasks, such as lifting and transporting object. This study aimed to lift and transport iron blocks in iron and steel factories and rolling mills. The design and analysis of a two-pole electromagnet with a carrying capacity of up to 1.5 tons were performed. It was aimed to design an electromagnet in such a way that it would provide transport with minimum copper loss without reaching the saturation at an appropriate ampere-turn value according to the type and size of the load to be carried. By performing analytical calculations, a suitable model for the requirement was designed and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was conducted. In the analysis, magnetic flux density, winding current ratios, and force values were examined. Analyses were investigated for different load quantities and numbers.

Keywords

• Electromagnet
• Finite Element Analysis
• Flux Density
• Beam Blank

İki kutuplu bir elektromıknatısın tasarımı ve farklı yük koşullarında analizi

Abstract

Elektromıknatıslar motor, generatör, transformatör gibi cihazlarda ve bir nesnenin kaldırılması, taşınması gibi görevlerde kullanılabilir. Bu çalışmada demir çelik fabrikaları ve haddehanelerde demir blokların kaldırılması ve taşınması amaçlanmış olup, 1,5 tona kadar taşıma kapasitesine sahip iki kutuplu bir elektromıknatısın tasarımı ve analizi yapılmıştır. Taşınacak yükün cinsine ve büyüklüğüne göre uygun amper-sarım değerinde doygunluğa ulaşmadan, minimum bakır kaybıyla taşımayı sağlayacak şekilde bir elektromıknatısın tasarlanması amaçlanmıştır. Analitik hesaplamalar yapılarak ihtiyaca uygun model tasarlanarak Sonlu Elemanlar Analizi (SEA) gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analizde manyetik akı yoğunluğu, sargı akım oranları ve kuvvet değerleri incelenmiştir. Analizler farklı yük miktarları ve sayıları için tekrarlanmıştır.

Keywords

• Elektromıknatıs
• Sonlu Elemanlar Analizi
• Akı yoğunluğu
• Beam Blank

References

1. Yüksek M (2011) Design and control of magnetic levitation system. M.Sc. Thesis, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Türkiye.
2. Kolimas L, Sul P (2015) Computer design of electromagnets. In Proceedings of the 4th Electronic International Interdisciplinary Conference, pp. 211-214.
3. Bağatırlar AG (2016) Heat obtaining by using magnetic area. M.Sc. Thesis, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Hitit University, Çorum, Türkiye.
4. Sancı ME (2016) Model based control of non linear one dimensional magnetic levitation system. M.Sc. Thesis, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Türkiye.
5. Hu X, Li B, Zhang B (2021) Optimal design of guiding electromagnet for high-speed maglev train. In Proceedings of Sixth International Conference on Electromechanical Control Technology and Transportation, Chongqing, China.
6. Despotović ŽV, Čupić B, Lekić Đ (2022) Design and Verification of 22kW/220Vdc Electromagnet for Separation of Steel Parts from Coal on Conveyor Belts for Delivery. In Proceedings of 21st International Symposium INFOTEH-JAHORINA, pp. 1-6.
7. Yang Q, Mao Q, Liu Y, Dong R, Zhu R, Jiang H (2020) Simulation and Experiment of Electromagnet for High-Speed On-Off Valve for Vehicle Shifting System. IEEE Global Fluid Power Society PhD Symposium, China.
8. He Y, Lu Q (2022) Permanent Magnet or Additional Electromagnet Compensation Structures of End Electromagnet Module for Mid-Low Speed Maglev Train. World Electr Veh J 13(5):72. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj13050072

9. Tarnita D, Marghitu D, Calafeteanu D, Dumitru I, Tarnita DN (2021) Finite Element Analysis of The Effects of The Varus Angle and Antero-Posterior Tibial Inclination on The Stresses of The Prosthetic Human Knee. Acta Technica Napocensis-Series: Applied Mathematics, Mechanics, and Engineering 64(1-S2):439-448.
10. Gerasimenko AA, Li H, Korchagin VO, Peng C, Wang X, Deng Z (2021) Design Optimization of the Electromagnetic Turnout by Using a Compensation Coil. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 31(8):1-4, https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2021.3091070
11. Lim J, Kim CH, Lee JM, Han HS, Park DY (2013) Design of magnetic levitation electromagnet for High Speed Maglev train. In Proceedings of International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, pp. 1975-1977.
12. Chen R, Folio D, Ferreira, A (2023) Optimal Design of a Multipole-Electromagnet Robotic Platform for Ophthalmic Surgery. Micromachines, 14, 91. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14010091
13. Takayama T, Yamaguchi T, Saitoh A, Kamitani A (2022) Numerical Optimization of Electromagnet Current Distribution in Superconducting Linear Acceleration System. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 32(6). https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2022.3158374
14. Yu R, Chen S, Gao M, Yang Q, Wang L, Li J (2020) Optimal Design of End Suspension Electromagnet for Medium Speed Maglev Train. Proceedings of the 39th Chinese Control Conference, pp. 5630-5636.
15. Hashemi A, Qaraei PY, Dehghani M, Taheri H (2024). Optimum design and manufacturing of the lifting cylindrical electromagnets considering magnetic, thermal, and mechanical limitations. International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing 18:2345–2357. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12008-023-01491-6
16. Makarichev YA, Ivannikov YN (2021) Reduction of Magnetic Loss of Active Electromagnetic Suspension. In International Conference on Electrotechnical Complexes and Systems, pp. 648-653.
17. Li W, Fang J (2020) 3D finite element analysis and optimization of HTS suspension electromagnet. In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, pp. 1-2. https://doi.org/10.1109/ASEMD49065.2020.9276255
18. Hashemi A, Gharaei PY, (2019) A novel method for field analysis and design of electromagnet used in lifting applications. Advanced Electromagnetics 8(4):32-38. https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v8i4.1109
19. Kawase Y, Yamaguchi T, Iwashita K, Kobayashi T, Suzuki K, (2006) 3-D finite element analysis of dynamic characteristics of electromagnet with permanent magnets. IEEE Trans Magn 42(4):1339-1342. https://doi.org/ 10.1109/TMAG.2006.870966
20. Çevlikli S, (2021) Design and analysis of electromagnets suitable for use in the iron and steel industry. M. Sc. Thesis, Karabük University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Karabük, Türkiye.
21. Phi HT, Hoang GV, Nguyen TK, Truong SH (2021) Numerical and Experimental Study on the Grinding Performance of Ti-Based Super-Alloy. Int j eng technol innov 11(3):191-203. https://doi.org/10.46604/ijeti.2021.7199
22. Çil A (2002) The Analysis and optimization of escalators with the finite element method. M. Sc. Thesis, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Türkiye.
23. Dalcalı A (2019) Influence of Rotor Magnet Material and Stator Winding Geometry on Output Torque in Spherical Actuator. Journal of Engineering Sciences and Design 7(1):145-151.
24. Çevlikli S, Öncü S, Dalcalı A (2021) Design and Analysis of Two-Pole Electromagnet. In Proceedings of International Congress on Scientific Advances, pp. 1166-1167.