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Çeşitli reaktif seyrelticilerin DLP/LCD tipi 3D baskı ile üretilen akrilat bazlı polimerlerin mekanik özelliklerine etkisi

Year 2024, , 439 - 447, 31.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.61112/jiens.1482566

Abstract

3D baskı ile elde edilen ürünlerin mekanik özellikleri büyük ölçüde ana reçinelerin ve reaktif seyrelticilerin seçimine bağlıdır. Bu çalışmada, DLP/LCD tipi 3D baskı kullanılarak polyester akrilat (PEA), üretan akrilat (UA) ve silikon akrilat (SiA) reçinelerinden türetilen ürünlerin mekanik özelliklerine farklı reaktif seyrelticilerin etkisini araştırdık. Reaktif seyrelticiler olarak ana reçinelerde 1,6-Heksandiol Diakrilat (HDDA), di(propilen glikol) diakrilat (DPGDA), trimetilolpropan triakrilat (TMPTA) ve TMPTA10 kullanıldı. TMPTA10 bileşiminde TMPTA, DPGDA ve HDDA'nın yer alması ile hazırlanmıştır. TMPTA üç fonksiyonlu akrilat gruba sahip reaktif bir seyreltici iken, DPGDA ve HDDA iki fonksiyonlu akrilat gruba sahiptir. Sonuçlar, TMPTA reaktif seyreltici içeren ürünlerin maksimum çekme dayanımı (UTS) ve Young modülünün önemli ölçüde arttığını, Izod darbe dayanımının azaldığını ortaya koydu. Bu sorunu çözmek için TMPTA10 formüle edildi ve ana reçinelere dahil edildi; bu, UTS ve Young modülünü korurken veya geliştirirken Izod darbe dayanımının artışını sağladı. Özellikle TMPTA veya TMPTA10'lu UA reçinesi ve TMPTA10'lu PEA reçinesi kullanılarak hazırlanan ürünler, diğer ürünlere kıyasla önemli seviyede gelişmiş mekanik özellikler sergiledi. Bu bulgular, DLP/LCD tipi 3D Baskı ile elde edilen ürünlerin mekanik performansının optimize edilmesinde reaktif seyreltici seçiminin önemini vurgulamaktadır.

References

  • Schittecatte L, Geertsen V, Bonamy D, Nguyen TT, Guénoun P (2023) From resin formulation and process parameters to the final mechanical properties of 3D printed acrylate materials. MRS Commun. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1557/s43579-023-00352-3
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  • Dawood A, Marti B, Sauret-Jackson V, Darwood A (2015) 3D printing in dentistry. Br Dent J. https://www.nature.com/articles/sj.bdj.2015.914
  • Gopinathan J, Noh I (2018) Recent trends in bioinks for 3D printing. Biomater Res 22.
  • Jagtap AR, More A (2021) Developments in reactive diluents: a review. Polym Bull 79:5667–5708.
  • Wu G, Zang H, Zhang H (2020) Preparation and performance of UV-curable waterborne polyurethane prepared using dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate/dipropylene glycol diacrylate monomers. J Macromol Sci Part A 57:927–934.
  • Keck S, Liske O, Seidler K, Steyrer B, Gorsche C, Knaus S, Baudis S (2023) Synthesis of a liquid lignin-based methacrylate resin and its application in 3D printing without any reactive diluents. Biomacromolecules 24:1751–1762.
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  • Li G, Jiang S, Gao Y, Liu X, Sun F (2013) Synthesis and property of water-soluble hyperbranched photosensitive polysiloxane urethane acrylate. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 52, 2220–2227.
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  • Schuster M, Turecek C, Kaiser B, Stampfl J, Liska R, Varga F (2007) Evaluation of biocompatible photopolymers I: photoreactivity and mechanical properties of reactive diluents. J Macromol Sci Part A, 44:547–557.
  • Ali KMI, Khan MA, Zaman MM, Hossain MA (1994) Reactive diluent effect on properties of UV‐cured films. J Appl Polym Sci 54:309–315.
  • Liu HB, Zhang WY, Lin F, Qing N, Xu L (2013) The influence of reactive diluents on the properties of UV dual cured polyurethane-modified epoxy monoacrylates films. J Appl Mech 477–478:1169–1174.
  • Kim DS, Seo WH (2004) Ultraviolet‐curing behavior and mechanical properties of a polyester acrylate resin. J Appl Polym Sci 92:3921–3928.
  • Hevus I, Kannaboina P, Qian Y, Wu J, Johnson M, Gibbon LR, Scala JJL, Ulven C, Sibi MP, Webster DC (2023) Furanic (meth)acrylate monomers as sustainable reactive diluents for stereolithography. ACS Appl Polym Mater 5:9659–9670.
  • Oezkan B, Sameni F, Karmel S, Engstrøm DS, Sabet E (2021) A systematic study of vat-polymerization binders with potential use in the ceramic suspension 3D printing. Addit Manuf 47: 102225.
  • Liu H, Chen M, Huang Z, Xu K, Zhang X (2004) The influence of silicon-containing acrylate as active diluent on the properties of UV-cured epoxydiacrylate films. Eur Polym J 40:609–613.
  • Zheng Y, Chonung K, Jin X, Wei P, Jiang P (2007) Study on the curing reaction, dielectric and thermal performances of epoxy impregnating resin with reactive silicon compounds as new diluents. J Appl Polym Sci 107:3127–3136.
  • Idrees M, Yoon H, Palmese GR, Alvarez NJ (2023) Engineering toughness in a brittle vinyl ester resin using urethane acrylate for additive manufacturing. Polym 15:3501.
  • Uysal E, Çakır M, Ekici B (2019) Synthesizing UV curable silicon acrylate resins for SLA type 3D printers and characterization of mechanical, thermal and morphological properties. JESTEC 5:(1) 47-56.

Effect of various reactive diluents on the mechanical properties of the acrylate-based polymers produced by DLP/LCD-type 3D printing

Year 2024, , 439 - 447, 31.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.61112/jiens.1482566

Abstract

The mechanical properties of the products obtained by 3D printing heavily depend on the choice of main resins and reactive diluents. In this study, we investigated the influence of different reactive diluents on the mechanical properties of the products derived from polyester acrylate (PEA), urethane acrylate (UA), and silicone acrylate (SiA) resins using DLP/LCD type 3D printing. As reactive diluents, 1,6-Hexanediol Diacrylate (HDDA), di(propylene glycol) diacrylate (DPGDA), trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), and TMPTA10 were used in main resins. TMPTA10 was prepared in this study, which includes TMPTA, DPGDA and HDDA in its composition. While TMPTA is a reactive diluent with three acrylate functional groups, DPGDA and HDDA have two acrylate functional groups. Our results revealed that while the products with TMPTA reactive diluent significantly enhanced the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and Young's modulus, they led to a decrease in Izod impact strength. To address this, TMPTA10 was formulated and incorporated into the main resins, resulting in improved Izod impact strength while maintaining or enhancing UTS and Young's modulus. Notably, the products prepared by using UA resin with TMPTA or TMPTA10, and PEA resin with TMPTA10 exhibited exceptional mechanical properties compared to the other products. These findings highlight the importance of reactive diluent selection in optimizing the mechanical performance of the products obtained by DLP/LCD type 3D Printing.

References

  • Schittecatte L, Geertsen V, Bonamy D, Nguyen TT, Guénoun P (2023) From resin formulation and process parameters to the final mechanical properties of 3D printed acrylate materials. MRS Commun. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1557/s43579-023-00352-3
  • Cakir Yigit N, Karagoz I (2023) A review of recent advances in bio-based polymer composite filaments for 3D printing. Polym.-Plast Technol Mater. 62(9):1077-1095.
  • Karagöz İ, Bekdemir AD, Tuna Ö (2021) 3B yazıcı teknolojilerindeki kullanılan yöntemler ve gelişmeler üzerine bir derleme. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi 9(4):1186-1213.
  • Dawood A, Marti B, Sauret-Jackson V, Darwood A (2015) 3D printing in dentistry. Br Dent J. https://www.nature.com/articles/sj.bdj.2015.914
  • Gopinathan J, Noh I (2018) Recent trends in bioinks for 3D printing. Biomater Res 22.
  • Jagtap AR, More A (2021) Developments in reactive diluents: a review. Polym Bull 79:5667–5708.
  • Wu G, Zang H, Zhang H (2020) Preparation and performance of UV-curable waterborne polyurethane prepared using dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate/dipropylene glycol diacrylate monomers. J Macromol Sci Part A 57:927–934.
  • Keck S, Liske O, Seidler K, Steyrer B, Gorsche C, Knaus S, Baudis S (2023) Synthesis of a liquid lignin-based methacrylate resin and its application in 3D printing without any reactive diluents. Biomacromolecules 24:1751–1762.
  • Ligon SC, Schwentenwein M, Gorsche C, Stampfl J, Liska R (2015) Toughening of photo-curable polymer networks: a review. Polym Chem 7(2):257–286.
  • Khalina M, Beheshty MH, Salimi A (2018) The effect of reactive diluent on mechanical properties and microstructure of epoxy resins. Polym Bull 76:3905–3927.
  • Li G, Jiang S, Gao Y, Liu X, Sun F (2013) Synthesis and property of water-soluble hyperbranched photosensitive polysiloxane urethane acrylate. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 52, 2220–2227.
  • Yu Y, Liao B, Jiang S, Li G, Sun F (2015) Synthesis and characterization of photosensitive-fluorosilicone–urethane acrylate prepolymers. Des Monomers Polym 18:199–209.
  • A Schuster M, Turecek C, Mateos A, Stampfl J, Liska R, Varga F (2007) Evaluation of biocompatible photopolymers II: further reactive diluents. Monatsh Chem 138:261–268.
  • Schuster M, Turecek C, Kaiser B, Stampfl J, Liska R, Varga F (2007) Evaluation of biocompatible photopolymers I: photoreactivity and mechanical properties of reactive diluents. J Macromol Sci Part A, 44:547–557.
  • Ali KMI, Khan MA, Zaman MM, Hossain MA (1994) Reactive diluent effect on properties of UV‐cured films. J Appl Polym Sci 54:309–315.
  • Liu HB, Zhang WY, Lin F, Qing N, Xu L (2013) The influence of reactive diluents on the properties of UV dual cured polyurethane-modified epoxy monoacrylates films. J Appl Mech 477–478:1169–1174.
  • Kim DS, Seo WH (2004) Ultraviolet‐curing behavior and mechanical properties of a polyester acrylate resin. J Appl Polym Sci 92:3921–3928.
  • Hevus I, Kannaboina P, Qian Y, Wu J, Johnson M, Gibbon LR, Scala JJL, Ulven C, Sibi MP, Webster DC (2023) Furanic (meth)acrylate monomers as sustainable reactive diluents for stereolithography. ACS Appl Polym Mater 5:9659–9670.
  • Oezkan B, Sameni F, Karmel S, Engstrøm DS, Sabet E (2021) A systematic study of vat-polymerization binders with potential use in the ceramic suspension 3D printing. Addit Manuf 47: 102225.
  • Liu H, Chen M, Huang Z, Xu K, Zhang X (2004) The influence of silicon-containing acrylate as active diluent on the properties of UV-cured epoxydiacrylate films. Eur Polym J 40:609–613.
  • Zheng Y, Chonung K, Jin X, Wei P, Jiang P (2007) Study on the curing reaction, dielectric and thermal performances of epoxy impregnating resin with reactive silicon compounds as new diluents. J Appl Polym Sci 107:3127–3136.
  • Idrees M, Yoon H, Palmese GR, Alvarez NJ (2023) Engineering toughness in a brittle vinyl ester resin using urethane acrylate for additive manufacturing. Polym 15:3501.
  • Uysal E, Çakır M, Ekici B (2019) Synthesizing UV curable silicon acrylate resins for SLA type 3D printers and characterization of mechanical, thermal and morphological properties. JESTEC 5:(1) 47-56.
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Polymer Physics, Polymer Technologies, Polymers and Plastics
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Emre Akın 0000-0003-2067-1488

Mustafa Çakır 0000-0002-9409-2684

Publication Date July 31, 2024
Submission Date May 11, 2024
Acceptance Date June 29, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

APA Akın, E., & Çakır, M. (2024). Effect of various reactive diluents on the mechanical properties of the acrylate-based polymers produced by DLP/LCD-type 3D printing. Journal of Innovative Engineering and Natural Science, 4(2), 439-447. https://doi.org/10.61112/jiens.1482566


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