Abstract
Kompozit, farklı fiziksel veya kimyasal özelliklere sahip iki veya daha fazla farklı bileşenden oluşan ve gelişmiş özelliklere sahip yeni bir malzeme oluşturmak için bir araya getirilen bir malzemeyi ifade eder. Polimer matrisli kompozitler (PMC'ler) çok yönlü özellikleri ve geniş kapsamlı uygulamaları nedeniyle büyük ilgi görmüştür. Dolgu maddelerinin polimer matrislere dahil edilmesi, PMC'lerin özelliklerinin uyarlanmasında çok önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Polimer matrisli kompozitlerde doğal ve sentetik olmak üzere iki farklı tipte dolgu maddesi kullanılabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, termoset matris malzemesi olarak doymamış polyester reçine kullanılmıştır. Dolgu maddesi olarak kalsit ve meşe odunu talaşı kullanılmıştır. Kalsit sentetik bir dolgu maddesi olarak kullanılırken meşe odunu talaşı doğal bir dolgu maddesidir. Ayrıca, oranlar dolgu türlerine bağlı olarak değişmekle birlikte toplam dolgu oranı %20 olarak seçilmiştir. Kompozit numuneler, karışımın açık bir teflon kalıba dökülmesiyle hazırlanmıştır. Numunelerin çekme, darbe, yoğunluk, su emme ve sertlik gibi fiziksel özellikleri incelenmiştir. Kırılan yüzeylerin görüntüleri SEM ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda meşe odunu talaşı ve kalsitin polyester esaslı kompozit uygulamalarında birlikte kullanılabileceği değerlendirilmiştir.
Keywords
Supporting Institution
Marmara Üniversitesi
Project Number
FYL-2023-11046
References
- Yıldırım İ (2018) Sulu çözeltilerden ağır metal iyonlarının uzaklaştırılmasında doğal ve H₂SO₄ ile modifiye edilmiş meşe talaşının kullanılabilirliğinin araştırılması. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi, Master's Thesis.
- T.C. Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs, General Directorate of Forestry. Forest Atlas. https://www.orkoop.org.tr/link/atlas.pdf Accessed 10 January 2025
- Bartczak P, Stachowiak J, Szmitko M, Grząbka-Zasadzińska A, Borysiak S (2023) Multifunctional polyurethane composites with coffee grounds and wood sawdust. Materials 16(1):278. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16010278
- Kartal İ, Tunç M (2024) Investigation of mechanical properties of oak sawdust filled polyester composites. Int J Comput Exp Sci Eng 10(3). https://doi.org/10.22399/ijcesen.245
- Kartal İ, Selimoğlu H (2023) Usability of pine sawdust and calcite together as filler in polyester composites. Int J Comput Exp Sci Eng 9(3):267–273. https://doi.org/10.22399/ijcesen.1335325
- Kartal İ, Büyük B (2023) Ağaç talaşı dolgulu geri dönüşüm polipropilen kompozitlerinin mekanik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. 2nd International Materials Engineering and Advanced Manufacturing Technologies Congress (IMEAMTC’23), pp 156–162.
- Kartal İ (2020) Effect of hornbeam sawdust size on the mechanical properties of polyethylene composites. Emerg Mater Res 9(3):979–984. https://doi.org/10.1680/jemmr.20.00164
- Kartal İ, Naycı G, Demirer H (2019) Kestane/gürgen talaşı dolgulu vinilester kompozitlerin mekanik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Eur J Sci Technol pp 723–728. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.566756
- Mylsamy B, Shanmugam SKM, Aruchamy K, Palanisamy S, Nagarajan R, Ayrilmis N (2024) A review on natural fiber composites: Polymer matrices, fiber surface treatments, fabrication methods, properties, and applications. Polym Eng Sci 64(6):2345–2373. https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.26713
- General Directorate of Forestry. https://www.ogm.gov.tr/tr/e-kutuphane/resmi-istatistikler Accessed 5 May 2025
- Rothon R (2017) Particulate fillers in thermoset plastics. In: Rothon R (ed) Fillers for Polymer Applications. Polymers and Polymeric Composites: A Reference Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28117-9_77
- General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA). https://www.mta.gov.tr/v3.0/bilgi-merkezi/kalsit Accessed 15 April 2025
- Wicaksono ST, Laksana AH, Ardhyananta H (2019) Effect of calcium carbonate on the tensile and density properties of kenaf/polyester hybrid composite. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng 546(4):042019. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/546/4/042019
- Altay L, Sarikanat M, Saglam M, Uysalman T, Seki Y (2021) The effect of various mineral fillers on thermal, mechanical, and rheological properties of polypropylene. Res Eng Struct Mater 7(3):361–373. https://doi.org/10.17515/resm2021.258ma0213
- Croitoru C, Spirchez C, Cristea D, Lunguleasa A, Pop MA, Bedo T, Roata IC, Luca MA (2018) Calcium carbonate and wood reinforced hybrid PVC composites. J Appl Polym Sci 135(22):46317. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.46317
- Syduzzaman M, Al Faruque MA, Bilisik K, Naebe M (2020) Plant-based natural fibre reinforced composites: A review on fabrication, properties and applications. Coatings 10(10):973. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10100973
- Kartal İ, Selimoğlu H (2023) Investigation of the mechanical behavior of recycled polypropylene-based composite materials filled with waste cotton and pine sawdust. Int J Comput Exp Sci Eng 9(4):412–418. DOI: 10.22399/ijcesen.1332982
- Syafri E, Kasim A, Abral H, Asben A (2017) Effect of precipitated calcium carbonate on physical, mechanical and thermal properties of cassava starch bioplastic composites. Int J Adv Sci Eng Inf Technol 7(5):1950–1956. https://doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.7.5.1292
- Islam MK, Hossain MF, Islam M (2015) Modification of mechanical, physical and thermal properties of wood sawdust particles reinforced polyester composites by alkali treatment. Malaysian Polym J 10:62–69.
- Karagöz İ, Ocak İA, Çavuşoğlu A et al (2024) Advancing sustainable materials: characterization of pistachio shell and talc filled polyester composites. Colloid Polym Sci 303:1097–1112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-025-05406-7
Abstract
A composite refers to a material composed of two or more distinct constituents with different physical or chemical properties, combined to create a new material with enhanced characteristics. Polymer matrix composites (PMCs) have garnered significant attention due to their versatile properties and wide-ranging applications. The incorporation of fillers into polymer matrices plays a crucial role in tailoring the properties of PMCs. In polymer matrix composites there can be used two different types of fillers, natural and synthetic. In this study, unsaturated polyester resin was used as thermoset matrix material. Calcite and oak wood sawdust are used as fillers. Calcite is used as a synthetic filler and oak wood sawdust is a natural filler. Also, ratios vary depending on filler types, but the total filler ratio is chosen as 20%. Composite samples were prepared by pouring the mixture into an open Teflon mould. The physical properties of the samples such as tensile, impact, density, water absorption and hardness were investigated. Images of broken surfaces were analysed by SEM. As a result of the study, it was evaluated that oak wood sawdust and calcite can be used together in polyester-based composite applications.
Keywords
Supporting Institution
Marmara University
Project Number
FYL-2023-11046
References
- Yıldırım İ (2018) Sulu çözeltilerden ağır metal iyonlarının uzaklaştırılmasında doğal ve H₂SO₄ ile modifiye edilmiş meşe talaşının kullanılabilirliğinin araştırılması. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi, Master's Thesis.
- T.C. Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs, General Directorate of Forestry. Forest Atlas. https://www.orkoop.org.tr/link/atlas.pdf Accessed 10 January 2025
- Bartczak P, Stachowiak J, Szmitko M, Grząbka-Zasadzińska A, Borysiak S (2023) Multifunctional polyurethane composites with coffee grounds and wood sawdust. Materials 16(1):278. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16010278
- Kartal İ, Tunç M (2024) Investigation of mechanical properties of oak sawdust filled polyester composites. Int J Comput Exp Sci Eng 10(3). https://doi.org/10.22399/ijcesen.245
- Kartal İ, Selimoğlu H (2023) Usability of pine sawdust and calcite together as filler in polyester composites. Int J Comput Exp Sci Eng 9(3):267–273. https://doi.org/10.22399/ijcesen.1335325
- Kartal İ, Büyük B (2023) Ağaç talaşı dolgulu geri dönüşüm polipropilen kompozitlerinin mekanik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. 2nd International Materials Engineering and Advanced Manufacturing Technologies Congress (IMEAMTC’23), pp 156–162.
- Kartal İ (2020) Effect of hornbeam sawdust size on the mechanical properties of polyethylene composites. Emerg Mater Res 9(3):979–984. https://doi.org/10.1680/jemmr.20.00164
- Kartal İ, Naycı G, Demirer H (2019) Kestane/gürgen talaşı dolgulu vinilester kompozitlerin mekanik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Eur J Sci Technol pp 723–728. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.566756
- Mylsamy B, Shanmugam SKM, Aruchamy K, Palanisamy S, Nagarajan R, Ayrilmis N (2024) A review on natural fiber composites: Polymer matrices, fiber surface treatments, fabrication methods, properties, and applications. Polym Eng Sci 64(6):2345–2373. https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.26713
- General Directorate of Forestry. https://www.ogm.gov.tr/tr/e-kutuphane/resmi-istatistikler Accessed 5 May 2025
- Rothon R (2017) Particulate fillers in thermoset plastics. In: Rothon R (ed) Fillers for Polymer Applications. Polymers and Polymeric Composites: A Reference Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28117-9_77
- General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA). https://www.mta.gov.tr/v3.0/bilgi-merkezi/kalsit Accessed 15 April 2025
- Wicaksono ST, Laksana AH, Ardhyananta H (2019) Effect of calcium carbonate on the tensile and density properties of kenaf/polyester hybrid composite. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng 546(4):042019. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/546/4/042019
- Altay L, Sarikanat M, Saglam M, Uysalman T, Seki Y (2021) The effect of various mineral fillers on thermal, mechanical, and rheological properties of polypropylene. Res Eng Struct Mater 7(3):361–373. https://doi.org/10.17515/resm2021.258ma0213
- Croitoru C, Spirchez C, Cristea D, Lunguleasa A, Pop MA, Bedo T, Roata IC, Luca MA (2018) Calcium carbonate and wood reinforced hybrid PVC composites. J Appl Polym Sci 135(22):46317. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.46317
- Syduzzaman M, Al Faruque MA, Bilisik K, Naebe M (2020) Plant-based natural fibre reinforced composites: A review on fabrication, properties and applications. Coatings 10(10):973. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10100973
- Kartal İ, Selimoğlu H (2023) Investigation of the mechanical behavior of recycled polypropylene-based composite materials filled with waste cotton and pine sawdust. Int J Comput Exp Sci Eng 9(4):412–418. DOI: 10.22399/ijcesen.1332982
- Syafri E, Kasim A, Abral H, Asben A (2017) Effect of precipitated calcium carbonate on physical, mechanical and thermal properties of cassava starch bioplastic composites. Int J Adv Sci Eng Inf Technol 7(5):1950–1956. https://doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.7.5.1292
- Islam MK, Hossain MF, Islam M (2015) Modification of mechanical, physical and thermal properties of wood sawdust particles reinforced polyester composites by alkali treatment. Malaysian Polym J 10:62–69.
- Karagöz İ, Ocak İA, Çavuşoğlu A et al (2024) Advancing sustainable materials: characterization of pistachio shell and talc filled polyester composites. Colloid Polym Sci 303:1097–1112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-025-05406-7
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Polymers and Plastics, Wood Based Composites |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | FYL-2023-11046 |
| Submission Date | May 29, 2025 |
| Acceptance Date | November 8, 2025 |
| Publication Date | January 31, 2026 |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.61112/jiens.1709008 |
| IZ | https://izlik.org/JA99LR25CJ |
| Published in Issue | Year 2026 Volume: 6 Issue: 1 |
