Doğal Hidrolik Kirecin İçeriğini Belirlemek İçin Yenilikçi Tekniklerin Geliştirilmesi

Abstract

Hidrolik kireç, kültürel mirasın korunmasında kritik bir rol oynamaktadır; ancak güvenilir ve pratik karakterizasyon araçları halen sınırlıdır. Bu çalışmada, hidrolik bağlayıcıların sınıflandırılması ve kürlenme sürecindeki hidratasyon reaksiyonlarının izlenmesi amacıyla X-ışını kırınımı (XRD) ve Fourier dönüşümlü kızılötesi (FTIR) spektroskopisini birleştiren bir yöntem geliştirilmiştir. Nicel faz analizi, hem kristalin hem de amorf bileşenlerin belirlenmesi için harici standartlar kullanılarak Rietveld iyileştirmesi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. XRD ile tespit edilemeyen kalsiyum silikat hidrat (C–S–H) fazlarının oluşumu ise FTIR spektroskopisi ile doğrulanmıştır. Ticari ve simülasyon numuneleri genelinde, kürlenme sırasında quintinite fazının ortaya çıkması amorf katkıların tanımlanmasında ayırt edici bir gösterge olarak kullanılmış ve bu fazın şiddetinin, söz konusu bileşenlerin reaktivitesi ile ilişkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Önerilen yaklaşım, doğal hidrolik kireç (NHL) ile hidrolik kireç veya çimento içeren malzemelerin birbirinden ayırt edilmesini mümkün kılmakta ve yedi günden daha kısa süre kürlenen numunelerde gözlenen erken yaş öğütme zorluklarına bir açıklama getirmektedir. Yöntemin avantajları, sınırlamaları ve standartlaştırılma potansiyeli de tartışılarak, koruma uygulamalarında hidrolik kirecin güvenilir bir şekilde değerlendirilmesine yönelik pratik bir çerçeve sunulmaktadır.

Keywords

• doğal hidrolik kireç
• karakterizasyon
• tarihi eser
• reaksiyon takibi

Development of novel experimental methods for the characterization of natural hydraulic lime

Abstract

Hydraulic lime is widely used in heritage conservation; yet the dependable characterization of its hydraulic properties and amorphous phase content is inadequately explored in the literature. This research develops a novel combined approach that integrates X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) techniques for the categorization and hydration assessment of hydraulic lime systems. Quantitative phase analysis was performed via Rietveld refinement with external standards, facilitating the assessment of both crystalline and amorphous fractions. FTIR spectroscopy was utilized to identify calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H) phases that are not discernible by XRD. The findings indicated that the development of quintinite during curing serves as a diagnostic indicator for amorphous additives, with its intensity closely correlating to the reactivity of these phases. The suggested method enables a clear differentiation between natural hydraulic lime and cement-containing materials, while also explaining early-age hydration behavior and related processing challenges. This method provides a reliable, reproducible, and potentially standardizable framework for the precise evaluation of hydraulic lime in conservation applications. The combined use of XRD and FTIR was specifically selected to overcome the limitations of individual techniques, particularly for the detection of amorphous and poorly crystalline hydration products.

Keywords

• natural hydraulic lime
• characterization
• heritage
• hydration monitoring

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