The influence of filler wire on microstructure and mechanical properties is submerged arc welding of S355J2 structural steel

Year 2024, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 426 - 438, 31.07.2024

Abdullah Varol , Mehmet Safa Bozan , Ozan Çoban , Uğur Gürol

https://doi.org/10.61112/jiens.1415708

Abstract

In this study, butt welding process was carried out on 20 mm thick S355J2 structural steel by submerged arc welding method using GeKa S1, S2Si and S3Mo filler wires produced according to EN ISO 14171-A standard. Welding processes were carried out using aluminate basic Eliflux BFPP (SAAB166ACH5) powder produced in accordance with EN ISO 147174 standard. Welded structures were characterized by performing non-destructive testing, macro and microstructural investigations, and microhardness, tensile test, bending test and Charpy impact test on the weld metal and the heat affected zone (HAZ) at -20 0C. By comparing the properties of welded structures obtained using different fillers, the microstructure - mechanical property relationship has been established for filler metal selection for the expected performance in the field of use. The results showed that the welds made using S1 filler metal fractured from the weld area, and the welds made using S2Si and S3Mo filler metal fractured from the base material. No obvious difference was observed in the yield and tensile strength and % elongation values in all three welds. However, due to the use of S3Mo, compared to S1, an increase of 15% and 166% in the impact toughness of the weld metal and in the HAZ, and a 37% and 8% increase in microhardness, respectively, was achieved. As a result, in welding applications of structural steels used in the marine industry, the use of S2Si and S3Mo filler metals is suitable in terms of microstructure and mechanical properties. However, when evaluated in terms of cost-effectiveness, the use of S2Si wire is more appropriate, while in critical applications where the requirement for high impact toughness increases at low temperatures, the use of S3Mo filler metal is more suitable.

Keywords

Submerged arc welding, Structural steel, Filler choice, Microstructure, Impact toughness

S355J2 yapı çeliklerinin toz altı ark kaynağında dolgu metalinin mikroyapı ve mekanik özelliklere etkisi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada 20 mm kalınlığa sahip S355J2 yapı çeliğine EN ISO 14171-A standardına göre üretilmiş GeKa S1, S2Si ve S3Mo dolgu metalleri kullanılarak toz altı ark kaynağı yöntemi ile alın kaynağı prosesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. X kaynak ağzı geometrisi ve 600 kaynak ağzı açısı ile EN ISO 147174 standardına uygun olarak üretilmiş alüminat bazik Eliflux BFPP (SAAB66ACH5) tozu kullanılarak kaynak işlemleri uygulanmıştır. Kaynak prosesi sonrasında tahribatsız muayene, makro yapı incelemesi, mikroyapı incelemesi ile mikrosertlik, eğme, çekme ve -20 0C’de kaynak metali ve ısıdan etkilenmiş bölge (IEB)’den çentik darbe testleri gerçekleştirilerek kaynaklı yapılar karakterize edilmiştir. Farklı dolgu metalleri kullanılarak elde edilen kaynaklı yapıların özellikleri kıyaslanarak kullanım alanında beklenen performansa yönelik olarak dolgu metali seçimi için mikroyapı – mekanik özellik ilişkisi kurulmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlar S1 dolgu metali ile yapılan kaynakların kaynak bölgesinden; S2Si ve S3Mo dolgu metalinde ana malzemeden koptuğunu göstermiştir. Her üç kaynakta da akma ve çekme dayanımı ve %uzama değerlerinde bariz bir farklılık gözlenmemiştir. Fakat S1’e kıyasla S3Mo kullanımı nedeniyle kaynak metali ve IEB’deki çentik darbe dayanımında sırasıyla %15 ve %166, mikrosertlikte %37 ve %8’lik artış sağlanmıştır. Sonuç olarak denizcilik endüstrisinde kullanılan yapı çeliklerinin kaynak uygulamalarında S2Si ve S3Mo dolgu metallerinin kullanımının mikroyapı ve mekanik özellikler açısından uygun olduğu fakat maliyet/performans açısından değerlendirildiğinde ise S2Si teli kullanımının, düşük sıcaklıklarda yüksek darbe dayanımı gereksiniminin arttığı kritik uygulamalarda ise S3Mo dolgu metali kullanımının daha uygun olacağı ortaya koyulmuştur.

Keywords

Toz altı ark kaynağı, Yapı çelikleri, Elektrot seçimi, Mikro yapı, Darbe dayanımı

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