Tiyol-epoksi click reaksiyonu ile hazırlanan haloysit/termoset nanokompozitlerinin mekanik karakterizasyonu

Year 2024, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 613 - 620, 31.07.2024

Seda Bekin Açar

https://doi.org/10.61112/jiens.1487300

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, saf haloysit (HNT) içeren termoset nanokompozitler tiyol- epoksi click reaksiyonu ile hazırlanmıştır. Farklı oranlarda (ağırlıkça %0, 1, 2, 3 ve 5) HNT nanotüpleri, ticari olarak hazır monomerler olan trimetilolpropan triglisidil eter ve trimetilolpropan tris(3-merkaptopropiyonat) karışımında nanodolgu olarak kullanılmıştır. Saf HNT, saf termoset ve HNT/termoset nanokompozitlerinin karakteristik bantları Fourier dönüşümlü kızılötesi spektroskopisi (FT-IR), termal özellikleri ise termogravimetrik analiz (TGA) ile incelenmiştir. HNT nanotüplerinin termoset matris içindeki dağılımı taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) ile gözlemlenmiştir. Termoset matrise değişen miktarlarda HNT nanodolgusu eklenmesinin mekanik özellikler üzerindeki etkisi çekme testi ile belirlenmiştir. En gelişmiş mekanik özellikler, HNT ile termoset matris arasındaki etkili etkileşimleri destekleyen en iyi dağılım nedeniyle ağırlıkça %3 saf HNT içeren nanokompozitte tespit edilmiştir. Matrise eklenen HNT’nin daha fazla artması nanotüplerin aglomerasyonuna ve dolayısıyla mekanik özelliklerin bozulmasına neden olmuştur.

Keywords

haloysit, mekanik özellikler, nanokompozit, termosetler, tiyol-epoksi click kimyası

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışmada herhangi bir etik ihlali yoktur.

Supporting Institution

Yalova Üniversitesi BAPKO

Project Number

2022/AP/0004

Thanks

Bu çalışma 2022/AP/0004 numaralı Yalova Üniversitesi BAPKO Araştırma Projesi kapsamında desteklenmiştir.

Mechanical characterization of halloysite/thermoset nanocomposites prepared by thiol-epoxy click reaction

Abstract

In this study, thermoset nanocomposites containing pure halloysite (HNT) were prepared by thiol-epoxy click reaction. HNT nanotubes with different concentrations (0, 1, 2, 3 and 5 wt%) were used as nanofiller in a mixture of commercially available monomers trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether and trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercaptopropionate). The characteristic bands and thermal properties of pure HNT, neat thermoset and HNT/thermoset nanocomposites were investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. The distribution of HNT nanotubes in the thermoset matrix was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of various HNT loadings into the thermoset matrix on the mechanical properties was determined by tensile test. The most improved mechanical properties were detected in the nanocomposite including 3 wt% pure HNT due to the best dispersion of nanofiller and effective interactions between HNT and thermoset matrix. Further increase in the amount of HNTs resulted in agglomeration of nanotubes and hence deterioration of mechanical properties.

Keywords

Halloysite, Mechanical properties, Nanocomposite, Thermosets, Thiol-epoxy click chemistry

Project Number

2022/AP/0004

References

• Bekin Acar, S, Ozdemir K, Raihane M, Lahcini M, Tasdelen MA (2023) Thermoset nanocomposites reinforced by vinyl‐functionalized halloysite. Polymer Composites 44(1):148-155.
• Hamou KB, Kadimi A, Meri RM, Gaidukov S, Kaddami H, Raihane M, Lahcini M, Erchiqui F (2020) Synergistic effect of halloyosite nanotube and nanocellulose on thermal and mechanical properties of poly (ethylmethacrylate-co-acrylonitrile) bionanocomposites. Journal of Renewable Materials 8(3):301-317.
• Cecílio DM, Cerrada ML, Perez E, Fernandes A, Lourenço JP, McKenna TFL, Ribeiro MR (2023) A novel approach for preparation of nanocomposites with an excellent rigidity/deformability balance based on reinforced HDPE with halloysite. European Polymer Journal 184, 111765.
• Ming Y, Zhou Z, Hao T, Nie Y (2022) Polymer Nanocomposites: Role of modified filler content and interfacial interaction on crystallization. European Polymer Journal 162, 110894.
• Liu M, Jia Z, Jia D, Zhou C (2014) Recent advance in research on halloysite nanotubes-polymer nanocomposite. Progress in polymer science 39(8):1498-1525.
• Açar SB, Tasdelen MA, Karaağaç B (2023) Haloysit içeren stiren-bütadien kauçuk nanokompozitlerinin hazırlanması ve mekanik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Journal of Innovative Engineering and Natural Science 3(2):89-102.
• Hemmatpour H, Haddadi-Asl V, Khanipour F, Stuart MC, Lu L, Pei Y, Mamaqani HR, Rudolf P (2022) Mussel-inspired grafting pH-responsive brushes onto halloysite nanotubes for controlled release of doxorubicin. European Polymer Journal 180, 111583.
• Murphy Z, Kent M, Freeman C, Landge S, Koricho E (2020) Halloysite nanotubes functionalized with epoxy and thiol organosilane groups to improve fracture toughness in nanocomposites. SN Applied Sciences 2(12), 2130.
• Acar SB, Ciftci M, Bouharras FE, Raihane M, Tasdelen MA (2021) In-situ preparation of halloysite nanotube-epoxy thermoset nanocomposites via light-induced cationic polymerization. European Polymer Journal 158, 110682.
• Lvov YM, Shchukin DG, Mohwald H, Price RR (2008) Halloysite clay nanotubes for controlled release of protective agents. ACS nano 2(5):814-820.
• Turp O, Acar SB, Ozdemir K, Bouharras FE, Raihane M, Tasdelen MA (2020) Halloysite Containing Thermoset Nanocomposites via Free Radical Photocrosslinking Polymerization. Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 221(21), 2000197.
• Kausar A (2018) Review on polymer/halloysite nanotube nanocomposite. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering 57(6):548-564.
• Saleem H, Edathil A, Ncube T, Pokhrel J, Khoori S, Abraham A, Mittal V (2016) Mechanical and thermal properties of thermoset–graphene nanocomposites. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 301(3): 231-259.
• Açar SB, Taşdelen MA, Karaağaç B (2023) The effect of POSS nanoparticles on crosslinking of styrene-butadiene rubber nanocomposites. Turkish Journal of Chemistry 47(2):417-425.
• Koerner H, Misra D, Tan A, Drummy L, Mirau P, Vaia R (2006) Montmorillonite-thermoset nanocomposites via cryo-compounding. Polymer 47(10):3426-3435.
• Binder WH, Sachsenhofer R (2008) ‘Click’chemistry in polymer and material science: an update. Macromolecular Rapid Communications 29(12‐13):952-981.
• Hoyle CE, Lowe AB, Bowman CN (2010) Thiol-click chemistry: a multifaceted toolbox for small molecule and polymer synthesis. Chemical Society Reviews 39(4):1355-1387.
• Uygun M, Tasdelen MA, Yagci Y (2010) Influence of type of initiation on thiol–ene “click” chemistry. Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 211(1):103-110.
• Arslan M, Acik G, Tasdelen MA (2019) The emerging applications of click chemistry reactions in the modification of industrial polymers. Polymer Chemistry 10(28):3806-3821.
• De S, Khan A (2012) Efficient synthesis of multifunctional polymers via thiol–epoxy “click” chemistry. Chemical Communications 48(25):3130-3132.
• Stuparu MC, Khan A (2016) Thiol‐epoxy “click” chemistry: Application in preparation and postpolymerization modification of polymers. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 54(19):3057-3070.
• Purut Koc O, Bekin Acar S, Uyar T, Tasdelen MA (2018) In situ preparation of thermoset/clay nanocomposites via thiol-epoxy click chemistry. Polymer Bulletin 75:4901-4911.
• Arslan M, Tasdelen MA (2017) Polymer nanocomposites via click chemistry reactions. Polymers 9(10), 499.
• Guzmán D, Ramis X, Fernández-Francos X, Serra A (2015) Preparation of click thiol-ene/thiol-epoxy thermosets by controlled photo/thermal dual curing sequence. RSC advances 5(123):101623-101633.
• Cabrera IC, Berlioz S, Fahs A, Louarn G, Carriere P (2020) Chemical functionalization of nano fibrillated cellulose by glycidyl silane coupling agents: A grafted silane network characterization study. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 165:1773-1782.