Aeroelastic analysis of single–ply aramid and glass woven composite wing structures: numerical and experimental approaches

Year 2025, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 371 - 385, 31.01.2025

Mehmet Emre Oz , Bulent Ekici , Oğuz Eryılmaz

Abstract

Aeroelasticity involves the study of the interaction among aerodynamic, inertial, and elastic forces, where flutter manifests as a dynamic phenomenon, and divergence poses a static problem. Lightweight composite structures, that are lighter and stronger, have been studied in the current aviation industry for decades. In this study, aramid and glass plain woven single-ply composite wing structures were used in order to investigate aeroelastic interactions. The experimental and numerical comparisons of the aeroelastic responses of the wing structures were performed. Moreover, Ansys ACP was utilized to design the composite wing structure. The Fluid-Structure Interaction analysis was performed by using Ansys Fluent and Mechanical. The bending frequency responses of the wings were compared with each other at a different angle of attack (AoA) and different velocities (0 – 40 m/s). Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) was studied, and aerodynamic tests were performed using a subsonic wind tunnel to obtain the structural response of the composite wings. The flutter speed index (FSI) was determined for wings depending on the bending frequency. The aeroelastic results of computational and experimental methods for different composite wing structures were compared. The results show that the bending frequency of the aramid wing is higher than the glass wing. Also, the flutter speed index results for the aramid wing are in a safer region than the glass wing for different operational conditions.

Keywords

Aeroelasticity, Composite wing, Wind tunnel, Fluid-Structure Interaction

Tek katlı aramid ve cam kompozit kanat yapılarının aeroelastik analizi: nümerik ve deneysel yaklaşımlar

Abstract

Aeroelastisite, aerodinamik, atalet ve elastik kuvvetler arasındaki etkileşimin incelenmesini içerir. Burada çırpıntı dinamik bir fenomen olarak ortaya çıkar ve yapısal sapma statik bir sorun teşkil eder. Daha hafif ve daha mukavemetli olan kompozit yapılar, mevcut havacılık endüstrisinde onlarca yıldır çalışılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, aeroelastik etkileşimleri araştırmak için aramid ve cam dokuma tek katlı kompozit kanat yapıları kullanılmıştır. Kanat yapılarının aeroelastik yanıtlarının deneysel ve sayısal karşılaştırmaları yapılmıştır. Kompozit kanat yapısını tasarlamak için Ansys ACP kullanılmıştır. Akışkan-Yapı Etkileşimi analizi Ansys Fluent ve Mechanical kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kanatların eğilme frekansı tepkileri farklı hücum açılarında (AoA) ve farklı hızlarda (0 - 40 m/s) birbirleriyle karşılaştırılmıştır. Operasyonel Modal Analiz (OMA) çalışılmış ve kompozit kanatların yapısal tepkisini elde etmek için ses altı rüzgar tüneli kullanılarak aerodinamik testler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Eğilme frekansına bağlı olarak kanatlar için çırpıntı hızı indeksi (FSI) belirlenmiştir. Farklı kompozit kanat yapıları için nümerik ve deneysel yöntemlerin aeroelastik sonuçları karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuçlar, aramid kanadın eğilme frekansının cam kanada göre daha yüksek olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca, aramid kanat için çırpıntı hızı indeksi (FSI) sonuçları, farklı operasyonel koşullar için cam kanada göre daha güvenli alanda olduğunu göstermiştir.

Keywords

Aeroelastisite, Kompozit Kanat, Rüzgar Tüneli, Akışkan-Yapı Etkileşimleri

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