Libya ve Güney Afrika’da Geçiş Adaletinin Karşılaştırmalı Analizi

Abstract

Geçiş adaleti, çatışma veya otoriter yönetimden çıkan devletlerin demokratik dönüşümünde önemli bir süreç olarak kabul edilir. Tarihsel mağduriyetleri ve geçmiş insan hakları ihlallerini ele almak, adalet ve ulusal uzlaşıya ulaşmak için iyi tanımlanmış yasal çerçevelere dayanır. Bu çalışma, geçiş adaleti kavramını farklı bağlamlarda tarihsel gelişimini ve çeşitli ülkelerde uygulanan mekanizmaların çeşitliliğini izleyerek açıklamaktadır. Çalışma, Libya ve Güney Afrika’daki geçiş adaletini karşılaştırmalı olarak incelemekte; hakikat komisyonları, cezai kovuşturmalar, tazmin programları ve kurumsal reformlar gibi mekanizmaların uzun vadeli etkinliğini değerlendirmektedir. Ayrıca, bu mekanizmaların karşılaştığı zorluklara da ışık tutmaktadır — özellikle siyasi istikrarsızlık, meşruiyet eksikliği ve birleşik bir otoritenin yokluğu ile karakterize edilen siyasi ve sosyal bağlamlarda. Araştırma, geçiş adaletinin uygulanmasındaki başarıları ve başarısızlıkları vurgulamak için tamamen farklı iki ülkeye odaklanmakta; siyasi irade, kapsayıcılık ve katılımcı yaklaşımlar, birleşik yasal çerçeveler ve güçlü, bağımsız kurumlar gibi faktörlerin etkisini incelemektedir. Böylece çalışma, geçiş adaleti mekanizmalarının uygulanmasında her devletin koşullarına duyarlı, bütüncül ve katılımcı bir yaklaşımın, çatışma veya otoriter yönetimden çıkan toplumlarda ulusal iyileşme, adalet ve uzlaşıya uzun vadede ulaşmak için önemini vurgulamaktadır.

Keywords

• Geçiş Adaleti
• Hakikat Komisyonları
• Libya
• Güney Afrika
• Barış İnşası

Comparative Analysis of Transitional Justice in Libya and South Africa

Abstract

Transitional justice is considered an important process in the democratic transformation of states emerging from conflict or authoritarian rule. It relies on well defined legal frameworks to address historical grievances and past human rights violations to achieve justice and national reconciliation. This study clarifies the concept of transitional justice by tracing its evolving history across different contexts, as well as the variety of mechanisms employed in different countries. This study conducts a comparative analysis of transitional justice in Libya and South Africa, their mechanisms of transitional justice such; truth commissions, criminal prosecutions, compensation programs, and institutional reforms, so that the long-term effectiveness of these mechanisms can be assessed. Moreover, this study sheds light on the challenges these mechanisms face, especially in political and social contexts plagued by political instability, a lack of legitimacy, and absence of a unified authority. The Libyan case represents a post-conflict society that continues to face instability and institutional weakness, while South Africa stands as one of the most cited examples of successful reconciliation through transitional justice. Therefore, it focuses on two countries with completely different transitional justice experiences to highlight the successes and failures in implementing transitional justice mechanisms, with an emphasis on the influencing factors of these mechanisms, such as political will, inclusivity and participatory approaches, unified legal frameworks, and strong, independent institutions. It highlights the importance of comparative analysis in understanding how contextual differences influence the trajectory of transitional justice across post-conflict societies.

Keywords

• Transitional Justice
• Truth Commissions
• Libya
• South Africa
• Peacebuilding

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