YUNANİSTAN'IN MÜLTECİ KRİZİNE MÜDAHALESİNE TEORİK BİR BAKIŞ

Year 2021, Issue: 1, 59 - 77, 30.04.2021

İrem Dumlu

Abstract

Ortadoğu’dan Avrupa Birliği üye ülkelerine yönelik artan göç dalgaları politikacıların ve liderlerin gündeminde önemli bir yer edinir hale gelmiştir. Bu durum 2015 yılından itibaren “Mülteci Krizi” olarak adlandırılan dönemde çok sayıda mülteci kabul eden İtalya, İspanya ve Yunanistan gibi üye ülkeler için daha da kritik bir hal almıştır. Uluslararası İnsancıl Hukuk’un temel değerlerinden olan “geri göndermeme” ilkesi zaman ve durum gözetmeksizin herhangi bir mültecinin zulüm riskinin olduğu bir ülkeye geri gönderilmemesi gerektiğinin altını çizmektedir. Ancak 2015 sonrası dönemde devletlerin tepkilerinin bulunulan bağlam içerisinde şekillendiği ve farklılıklar gösterdiği gözlenmiştir. Bu makalede Kopenhag Okulu ve Realist teori tarafından öne sunulmuş varsayımlar ve argümanlar karşılaştırılarak teorik bir perspektiften 2018 ve 2021 yılları arasında Yunanistan’ın mültecilere yönelik tutumu incelenecektir. Bu çalışmanın öne sunduğu argüman Kopenhag Okulu’nun belirtilen zaman aralığı içerisindeki tutumu açıklamakta yetersiz kalmasına karşılık Realist teorinin korumacı sınır politikalarını ve güvenlik merkezli yaklaşımı anlamak için uygulanabileceğidir.

Keywords

Kopenhag Okulu, Güvenlikleştirme, Göç, Güvenlik Çalışmaları, Realizm (Gerçekçilik)

A THEORETICAL LOOK ON GREEK RESPONSE TO THE REFUGEE CRISIS

Abstract

The massive migration flows from the Middle Eastern countries towards the European Union had become one of the central issues in the policy-makers agendas. Especially, the period after 2015, often regarded as the Refugee Crisis, challenged particularly three-member states, Italy, Spain, and Greece, when they had received a high number of refugees. One of the core values of the international human rights law, the non-refoulment principle, applies to all migrants regardless of time and migration status, and it guarantees that any person should not be turned back to a state where there is a risk of persecution, cruelty, inhuman treatment, torture or other irreparable harm. However, in terms of their responses, the EU member states had shown differences and approaches changed over time depending on changing context conditions. Due to this paper’s limited nature, there will be a focus on Greek response in recent years while carrying a theoretical attempt by comparing the assumptions and insights provided by Copenhagen School and Realist School. In the end, the presented argument in this study is that realism can be applied to explain a protectionist Greek approach during the last years towards incoming migrants as the Copenhagen School is limited to some extent.

Keywords

Securitization, Realism, the Copenhagen School, Migration, Security Studies

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