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A FAILED NEGOTIATION?: A CLOSER LOOK ON THE EU-TURKEY DEAL OF 2016

Year 2021, Issue: 2, 5 - 20, 31.08.2021

Abstract

1999 Helsinki Zirvesi’nden bu yana göç meselesi, Türkiye ve Avrupa Birliği (AB) için her zaman ikili gündemde olmuştur. Türkiye’nin AB’ye katılım sürecinin başlamasının ardından uyum ve Avrupalılaşma süreci ile birlikte Türkiye, AB’ye uygun şekilde düzenlemelerini standartlaştırarak göç ve iltica politikalarını uyarlamıştır. Ancak Türkiye ile AB ilişkileri özellikle göç alanında, Suriye mülteci krizi ve Orta Doğu’daki ayaklanmalar nedeniyle bozulmuş, bu da hem Türkiye’ye hem de AB’ye yoğun bir göç akışına yol açmıştır. Düzensiz göçün neredeyse bir milyona ulaştığı 2015 yazında, AB dış sınırlardaki göçü kontrol altına almak için harekete geçmeye karar vermiş; böylece Türkiye göçün yönetişiminde önemli bir ortak haline gelmiştir. Sonuç olarak, göçü yönetmeyi ve kontrol etmeyi garanti altına almak için 2016 yılında AB-Türkiye Mutabakatı imzalanmıştır. Ancak, bu mutabakatın uygulama süreci, ikili ilişkiler ve bunların mülteci krizi üzerindeki etkileri açısından birçok düzeyde çok eleştirilmiştir. Bu bağlamda, bu makale öncelikle 2016’daki AB-Türkiye Mutabakatı’na uzanan tarihsel süreçleri açıklamayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışma, Mutabakat’ın amacına ve ilerleyen sürecine işaret ederken, bu mutabakatın performansını ağırlıklı olarak birçok açıdan başarısızlıklarına odaklanarak değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.

References

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  • Kirişçi,Kemal and Ferris Elizabeth(2015). Not likely to Go Home: Syrian Refugees and the Challenges to Turkey and the International Community, Policy Papers.
  • Osman, Safia Mohamoud (2020), Effects of Turkey’s Humanitarian Assistance in Syrian Crisis: Analysis of Turkey-EU Agreement, Journal of Business and Management.

A FAILED NEGOTIATION?: A CLOSER LOOK ON THE EU-TURKEY DEAL OF 2016

Year 2021, Issue: 2, 5 - 20, 31.08.2021

Abstract

The migration issue has always been on the bilateral agendas for Turkey and the European Union (EU) since the Helsinki Summit in 1999. After Turkey’s accession period started to the EU, with the harmonization and Europeanization process, Turkey adapted its migration and asylum policies by standardizing its regulations according to the EU. However, the relations between Turkey and the EU regarding the migration issue, deteriorated due to the Syrian refugee crisis and the uprisings in the Middle East, which led to massive migration flow to both Turkey and the EU. Significantly, in the summer of 2015, when irregular migration’s numbers reached almost a million, the EU decided to take action to control migration in external borders; thus, Turkey became an essential partner in governing migration. Ultimately, the EU-Turkey Deal in 2016 was signed in order to guarantee to govern and control migration. However, the process of implementation of this Deal was highly criticized on many levels regarding the bilateral relations and their impact on the refugee crisis. Therefore, this article first aims to explain the historical processes that led to the EU-Turkey Deal of 2016. While pointing out the Deal’s purpose and the process onwards, this article aims to evaluate the performance of the Deal by mainly focusing on its failures on many levels.

References

  • Alessandri, Emiliano (2015): The Fallacies of Treating Turkey as Europe’s Gatekeeper, On Turkey Series, http://www.gmfus.org/publications/fallacies-treating-turkey-europesgatekeeper#sthash.twSwjItk.dpuf, Accession Date: (12.01.2021).
  • Aydemir, Nermin and Keskin, Gökberk (2017), AB-Türkiye İlişkilerinde Göç: İlerleme Raporları Üzerine İçerik İncelemesi, Vol. 22, Special Issue on Migration, pg. 1457-1472.
  • Benvenuti, Bianca, (2017), The Migration Paradox and EU-Turkey Relations, IAI Working Papers, Vol 17, No. 5.
  • Dagi, Doğaçhan (2020), The EU’s Turkey Migration Deal: Performance and Prospects, European Foreign Affairs Review.
  • Dimitriadi, Angeliki (2016) Deals without borders: Europe’s foreign policy on migration. Berlin: European Council on Foreign Relations.
  • Heck, Gerda and Hess, Sabine (2017), Tracing the Effects of the EU-Turkey Deal: the Momentum of the Multi-layered Turkish Border Regime, Vol. 3, Issue 2, pg.36-59.
  • IOM, Migrant Fatalities in Mediterranean in 2015, http://www.iom.int/news/iom-counts-3771-migrant-fatalities-mediterranean-2015.
  • Kale, Başak (2016b): “EU-Turkey Action Plan Imperfect Also Pragmatic”, in On Turkey Series, German Marshall Fund of the US, Washington D.C., February 2016, http://www.gmfus.org/publications/euturkey-action-plan-imperfect-also-pragmatic.
  • Kale,Başak. Dimitriadi, Angeliki (2018), Asylum Policy and the Future of Turkey-EU Relations: Between Cooperation and Conflict, No: 18, Feuture Papers.
  • Kirişçi,Kemal and Ferris Elizabeth(2015). Not likely to Go Home: Syrian Refugees and the Challenges to Turkey and the International Community, Policy Papers.
  • Osman, Safia Mohamoud (2020), Effects of Turkey’s Humanitarian Assistance in Syrian Crisis: Analysis of Turkey-EU Agreement, Journal of Business and Management.
There are 11 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects International Relations
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Oğuz Kaan Özalp 0000-0002-5446-3954

Publication Date August 31, 2021
Submission Date June 5, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Özalp, O. K. (2021). A FAILED NEGOTIATION?: A CLOSER LOOK ON THE EU-TURKEY DEAL OF 2016. Journal of International Relations and Political Science Studies(2), 5-20.